Digital Commons Network^™

The Human Rights Of Non-Citizens. By David Weissbrodt. (Book Review), Caroline Bettinger-López, Bassina Farbenblum

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No abstract provided.

The Social, Psychological, And Political Causes Of Racial Disparities In The American Criminal Justice System, Michael Tonry

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No abstract provided.

Egoviz – A Mobile Based Spatial Interaction System, Keith Gardiner, Junjun Yin, James Carswell

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This paper describes research carried out in the area of mobile spatial interaction and the development of a mobile (i.e. on-device) version of a simulated web-based 2D directional query processor. The TellMe application integrates location (from GPS, GSM, WiFi) and orientation (from digital compass/tilt sensors) sensing technologies into an enhanced spatial query processing module capable of exploiting a mobile device’s position and orientation for querying real-world 3D spatial datasets. This paper outlines the technique used to combine these technologies and the architecture needed to deploy them on a sensor enabled smartphone (i.e. Nokia 6210 Navigator). With all these sensor technologies …

A Scaling Method And Its Applications To Problems In Fractional Dimensional Space, Sami I. Muslih, Om P. Agrawal

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A scaling method is proposed to find (1) the volume and the surface area of a generalized hypersphere in a fractional dimensional space and (2) the solid angle at a point for the same space. It is demonstrated that the total dimension of the fractional space can be obtained by summing the dimension of the fractional line element along each axis. The regularization condition is defined for functions depending on more than one variable. This condition is applied (1) to find a closed form expression for the fractional Gaussian integral, (2) to establish a relationship between a fractional dimensional space …

Microwave-Assisted Synthesis Of Zno Micro-Javelins, Suresh Pillai, Declan Mccormack, John M. Kelly, Sibu C. Padmanabhan

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The microwave (MW)-assisted formation of ZnO micro-javelins from zinc nitrate and urea in aqueous solution is described. The particles (named as ‘micro-javelins’ because of their high aspect ratio and needle-like tips) grow hexagonally with well-defined facets in the h0110i direction and pointed tips in (0001) direction. Powder X-ray diffraction patterns show the appearance of a strikingly dominant (1000) orientation. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) investigations reveal the morphological evolution of these hexagonal ZnO particles with time. The effect of precursor concentrations, counterion type andMWirradiation power and their consequent influence on pH and Zn2+ ion concentration are …

A Mechanism Of Transferring Manufacturing Competences To Increase Market Performance, Kun Liao, Ying Liao, Qiang Tu

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This study uses competence transferring theory to establish a mechanism for transferring competence from the outside of an organization. Data were collected in the US from over 300 manufacturing companies. The mechanism of competence transferring is empirically supported. Also, the transferred competences increase manufacturing process competences including process automation, process integration, and process modularity. Furthermore, the process competences lead to higher market performance of firms.

A Counterpart To The Radial-Orbit Instability In Triaxial Stellar Systems, Fabio Antonini, Roberto Capuzzo-Dolcetta, David Merritt

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Self-consistent solutions for triaxial mass models are highly non-unique. In general, some of these solutions might be dynamically unstable, making them inappropriate as descriptions of steady-state galaxies. Here we demonstrate for the first time the existence in triaxial galaxy models of an instability similar to the radial-orbit instability of spherical models. The instability manifests itself when the number of box orbits, with predominantly radially motions, is sufficiently large. N-body simulations verify that the evolution is due neither to chaotic orbits nor to departures of the model from selfconsistency, but rather to a collective mode. The instability transforms the triaxial model …

Dit’S Dynamic Speech Corpus, Dermot Campbell, Ciaran Mcdonnell, Marty Meinardi, Charles Pritchard, Bunny Richardson, Yi Wang

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The Technological University Dublin’s FLUENT Dynamic Speech Corpus is aimed at learners, teachers, authors and researchers. When the prototype is complete (target: July 2009) it will afford access to a unique audio resource based on dialogues. Users will be able to find samples of native-to-native speech on a chosen topic, listen to phonetically interesting sections and explore the dynamic environment which gave rise to the spoken features studied. At all stages the user will be able to slow down sequences for heightened intelligibility.

Copper(Ii) Complexes Of Coumarin-Derived Schiff Bases And Their Anti-Candida Activity, Bernadette S. Creaven, Michael Devereux, Dariusz Karcz, Andrew Kellett, Malachy Mccann, Andy Noble, Maureen Walsh

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The condensation of 7-amino-4-methyl-coumarin (1) with a number of substituted salicylaldehydes yielded a series of Schiff bases (2a–2k) in good yields. Subsequent reaction of these ligands with copper( II) acetate yielded Cu(II) complexes (3a–3k) and some were characterised using X-ray crystallography. All of the free ligands and their metal complexes were tested for their anti-Candida activity.

The Role Of One Religiously Affiliated Law School, Michael Herz

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No abstract provided.

Guarantees For The Success Frequency Of An Algorithm For Finding Dodgson-Election Winners, Christopher Homan, Lane A. Hemaspaandra

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In the year 1876 the mathematician Charles Dodgson, who wrote fiction under the now more famous name of Lewis Carroll, devised a beautiful voting system that has long fascinated political scientists. However, determining the winner of a Dodgson election is known to be complete for the p 2 level of the polynomial hierarchy. This implies that unless P = NP no polynomial-time solution to this problem exists, and unless the polynomial hierarchy collapses to NP the problem is not even in NP. Nonetheless, we prove that when the number of voters is much greater than the number of candidates— although …

Managing Indigenous Knowledge And Traditional Cultural Expressions: Is Technology The Solution?, Amber T. Burtis

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This paper discusses current issues surrounding the management of indigenous knowledge (IK) and traditional cultural expressions (TCEs) in libraries, archives and other cultural institutions. It addresses the need for: (1) ethical policies for the management of these knowledge systems, (2) critical approaches to the dominant library paradigm of information management, (3) recent efforts by the World Intellectual Property Organization and the American Library Association to craft policy on this topic, and (4) the need for and examples of collaboration with indigenous communities. Implications for social change with the implementation of socially responsible management systems are also considered.

Two Notions Of Privacy Online, Avner Levin, Patricia S. Abril

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Users of social networking websites tend to disclose much personal information online yet seem to retain some form of an expectation of privacy. Is this expectation of privacy always unreasonable? How do users of online social networks define their expectations of privacy online?

These questions were the impetus behind an empirical study, the findings of which are presented in this Article. The project, simultaneously conducted in Canada, at Ryerson University, and in the United States, at the University of Miami, consisted of a survey regarding personal information protection and expectations of privacy on online social networks (OSNs). Approximately 2,500 young …

The Effects Of Acid Adaptation On Escherichia Coli Inactivation Using Power Ultrasound, Sonal Patil, Paula Bourke, Bridget Cullen, Jesus Maria Frias, Patrick J. Cullen

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Inactivation of Escherichia coli in liquids was carried out using power ultrasound. Parameters examined included amplitude levels (0.4µm, 7.5 µm, 37.5 µm), treatment time, cell condition (non-adapted cells, acid adapted cells), liquid media (TSB, model orange juice and model apple juice) and E. coli strain (ATCC 25922, NCTC 12900). The efficacy of ultrasound treatment was found to be a function of amplitude level, treatment time and media (p0.95), with the highest inactivation achieved using an amplitude of 37.5 µm. The D-values of E. coli 25922 at all amplitudes in model orange juice were not significantly different than in TSB media. …

Orange Juices Enriched With Chitosan: Optimisation For Extending The Shelf-Life, Catherine Barry-Ryan, Ana Belen Martin-Diana, Daniel Rico, J. Barat

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Optimisation of the incorporation of chitosan in orange juice was accomplished by the evaluation of quality and nutritional markers. Response surface methodology was applied to obtain quadratic and second degree response surface model equations. The analyses showed that increases in chitosan concentration extended the quality of the orange juice significantly (p < 0.05), reducing enzymatic and non-enzymatic browning and controlling the spoilage during the storage time; however, concentrations N 1 g L− 1 produced a significant (p < 0.05) reduction in the concentrations of ascorbic acid and carotenoids associated with the positive charge of chitosan and its ability to flocculate and coagulate negatively charged substances. Also, concentrations N 1 g L− 1 were scored as unacceptable for the sensory panel due to an increase in bitterness. The study recommends the use of chitosan at concentrations up to 1 g L− 1 to extend quality and preserve ascorbic acid and carotenoids during storage time of fresh orange juice, thus avoiding the use of standard thermal treatments which produces a negative impact on the nutritional value. Industrial relevance: One of the major problems of fresh orange juice is its limited shelf-life. Spoilage and quick degradation of vitamins are two of the most important causes of quality loss during the shelf-life of this product. Moreover, the U. S. Food and Drug Administration issued a warning to consumers against drinking unpasteurised orange juice products because of the potential contamination with Salmonella typhimurium and its association with an outbreak of human disease caused by this organism [FDA issues nationwide health alert on Orchid Island unpasteurised orange juice. Products Recalls, Market Withdrawals and Safety Alerts.]. The main objective of this study was the study of chitosan as a natural preservative for extending the shelf-life of orange juice and as an alternative to pasteurisation.

From The Chair, Lela P. Love

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No abstract provided.

The Mexican Economic Crisis Of 1982 And The Brazilian Economic Crisis Of 1999:Critical Junctures In Economic Policy?, Ana Maza

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This paper utilises a new critical juncture framework to help us determine whether changes to Mexican macroeconomic policy in the early 1980s, and Brazilian macroeconomic policy at the turn of the century, were clean breaks with the past, or continuations of previously established policy pathways. The framework consists of three elements, which must be identified in sequence in order to declare, with some certainty, if an event was a critical juncture. These are crisis, ideational change, and radical policy change.

Hypercompact Stellar Systems Around Recoiling Supermassive Black Holes, David Merritt, Jeremy Schnittman, Stefanie Komossa

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A supermassive black hole ejected from the center of a galaxy by gravitational wave recoil carries a retinue of bound stars – a “hypercompact stellar system” (HCSS). The numbers and properties of HCSSs contain information about the merger histories of galaxies, the late evolution of binary black holes, and the distribution of gravitational-wave kicks. We relate the structural properties (size, mass, density profile) of HCSSs to the properties of their host galaxies and to the size of the kick, in two regimes: collisional (MBH∼ < 107M⊙), i.e. short nuclear relaxation times; and collisionless (MBH∼ > 107M⊙), i.e. long nuclear relaxtion times. HCSSs are expected to be similar in size and luminosity …

A Comparative Framework: How Broadly Applicable Is A “Rigorous” Critical Junctures Framework?, John Hogan, David Doyle

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The paper tests Hogan and Doyle’s (2007; 2008) framework for examining critical junctures. This framework sought to incorporate the concept of ideational change in understanding critical junctures. Until its development, frameworks utilised in identifying critical junctures were subjective, seeking only to identify crisis, and subsequent policy changes, arguing that one invariably led to the other, as both occurred around the same time. Hogan and Doyle (2007; 2008) hypothesised ideational change as an intermediating variable in their framework, determining if, and when, a crisis leads to radical policy change. Here we test this framework on cases similar to, but different from, …

The Mexican Economic Crisis Of 1982 And The Brazilian Economic Crisis Of 1999 - Critical Junctures In Economic Policy, John Hogan, Ana Maza

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This paper utilises a new critical juncture framework to help us determine whether changes to Mexican macroeconomic policy in the early 1980s, and Brazilian macroeconomic policy at the turn of the century, were clean breaks with the past, or continuations of previously established policy pathways. The framework consists of three elements, which must be identified in sequence in order to declare, with some certainty, if an event was a critical juncture. These are crisis, ideational change, and radical policy change.

A Tradition Of Access: Creating A Diversity News Index Using Oclc’S Contentdm, Leah Broaddus, Pam Hackbart-Dean

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OCLC's CONTENTdm digital collection management software has been used as a platform for many interesting and timely archival projects. Morris Library Special Collections Research Center at Southern Illinois University Carbondale (SIUC) has successfully used this platform to migrate and host digitized archival photograph collections. Inspired by presentations at archival workshops, we are currently using CONTENTdm to create a campus news index documenting SIUC’s historic commitment to ethnic and racial diversity.

Family-Member And Non-Family-Member Managers In Family Firms: Adding A Seventh Country To The International Database - Kosovo, Robert Lussier, Matthew Sonfield, Robert J. Barbato

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Extending earlier analyses of the authors in other countries with regard to the inclusion of family-member managers and non-family-member managers in family businesses, and the relationship of this variable to certain management activities, styles and characteristics, this current study analyzes data from Kosovo. Results of statistical testing indicate almost no changes in management attributes as the proportion of non-family-member managers increases in family firms. Implications for practitioners, consultants, and researchers are presented.

Preparation, Characterization And Ecotoxicological Evaluation Of Four Environmentally Relevant Species Of N-Isopropylacrylamide And N-Isopropylacrylamide-Co-N-Tert-Butylacrylamide Copolymer Nanoparticles, Pratap Naha, Alan Casey, Tiziana Tenuta, Iseult Lynch, Kenneth Dawson, Hugh Byrne, Maria Davoren

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Poly N-isopropylacrylamide and N-isopropylacrylamide / N-tert-butylacrylamide copolymer nanoparticles of 50 to 70 nm were prepared by free radical polymerisation. The particle sizes of the copolymer nanoparticles were measured in the test media Milli-Q water, Algae Media, Daphnia Media and Microtox Diluent as a function of temperature. Whereas in Milli-Q water the particle size was seen to decrease above the lower critical solution temperature of the thermoresponsive polymer, in the test media it was seen to increase significantly, indicative of aggregation. At the temperatures employed for the ecotoxicological studies all particles, with the exception of the 50:50 copolymer existed as nanoparticles, …

Finding Linwood, Tovah Martin, Carol Whitlock

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Three generations contribute to this garden's tree peonies' success.

Temperature Induced Instabilities In Macro-Bend Fiber Based Wavelength Measurement Systems, Ginu Rajan, Yuliya Semenova, Pengfei Wang, Gerald Farrell

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An investigation of temperature-induced instabilities in a wavelength measurement system based on macro-bend fiber filter used in the ratiometric scheme are presented. Two wavelength measurement systems based on macro-bend fiber, a standard low bend loss single-mode fiber filter based system and a high bend loss fiber filter based system are considered. In the case of a low bend loss fiber filter based system, the oscillatory variation in the ratio response with temperature and the difference in the temperature-induced ratio variation at different wavelengths makes the temperature corrected calibration of the system unfeasible, which is essential for precise wavelength measurements. The …

Algebraic Classification Of Numerical Spacetimes And Black-Hole-Binary Remnants, Manuela Campanelli, Carlos O. Lousto, Yosef Zlochower

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In this paper we develop a technique for determining the algebraic classification of a numerical spacetime, possibly resulting from a generic black-hole-binary merger, using the Newman-Penrose Weyl scalars. We demonstrate these techniques for a test case involving a close binary with arbitrarily oriented spins and unequal masses. We find that, post merger, the spacetime quickly approaches Petrov type II, and only approaches type D on much longer timescales. These techniques allow us to begin to explore the validity of the “no-hair theorem” for generic merging-black-hole spacetimes.

Reflection Contributions To The Dispersion Artefact In Ftir Spectra Of Single Biological Cells, Paul Bassan, Hugh Byrne, Joe Lee, Franck Bonnier, Colin Clarke, Paul Dumas, Ehsan Gazi, Michael Brown, Noel Clarke, Peter Gardner

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Fourier transform infrared spectra of a single cell in transflection geometry are seen to vary significantly with position on the cell, showing a distorted derivative-like lineshape in the region of the optically dense nucleus. A similar behaviour is observable in a model system of the protein albumin doped in a potassium bromide disk. It is demonstrated that the spectrum at any point is a weighted sum of the sample reflection and transmission and that the dominance of the reflection spectrum in optically dense regions can account for some of the spectral distortions previously attributed to dispersion artefacts. Rather than being …

Comparison Of Numerical And Post-Newtonian Waveforms For Generic Precessing Black-Hole Binaries, Manuela Campanelli, Carlos O. Lousto, Hiroyuki Nakano, Yosef Zlochower

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We compare waveforms and orbital dynamics from the first long-term, fully non-linear, numerical simulations of a generic black-hole binary configuration with post-Newtonian predictions. The binary has mass ratio q 0.8 with arbitrarily oriented spins of magnitude S1/m2 1 0.6 and S2/m2 2 0.4 and orbits 9 times prior to merger. The numerical simulation starts with an initial separation of r 11M, with orbital parameters determined by initial 2.5PN and 3.5PN post-Newtonian evolutions of a quasi-circular binary with an initial separation of r = 50M. The resulting binaries have very little eccentricity according to the 2.5PN and 3.5PN systems, but show …

Identifying Critical Junctures In Macroeconomic Policy - The Cases Of Mexico And Sweden In The Early 1980s, Ana Haro Maza, John Hogan

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Abstract: This paper utilizes a new critical junctures framework to help understand the nature of the changes in macroeconomic policy. The framework consists of three elements which must be identified in sequence to be able to declare, with some certainty, if an event was a critical juncture. These are crisis, ideational change, and radical policy change. Utilizing the critical juncture framework, we will determine whether changes to Mexican and Swedish macroeconomic policy in the early 1980s constituted clean breaks with the past, or were continuations of previously established policy pathways, and why that was.

Foreseeability And Copyright Incentives, Shyam Balganesh

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Copyright law's principal justification today is the economic theory of creator incentives. Central to this theory is the recognition that while copyright's exclusive rights framework provides creators with an economic incentive to create, it also entails large social costs, and that creators therefore need to be given just enough incentive to create in order to balance the system's benefits against its costs. Yet, none of copyright's current doctrines enable courts to circumscribe a creator's entitlement by reference to limitations inherent in the very idea of incentives. While the common law too relies on providing actors with incentives to behave in …