Digital Commons Network^™

Measurement Of Proteins In Milk And Dairy Products, Marie K. Walsh

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of this study was to develop a short, easy procedure to measure five major proteins in milk and to detect concentrations of added protein to dairy products. Combinations of casein or whey protein with nonfat-dry milk were made with concentration ratios from 0:10 to 10:0. Similar mixtures of defatted goat milk with defatted cow milk were prepared. Samples were hydrolyzed in 6 N HCl at 145°C for 4 h and analyzed for amino acid composition. Multiple regression equations were derived to estimate the relative content of whey protein or casein added to nonfat-dry milk and goat milk added …

Using Adaptive Conjoint Analysis And Market Simulations To Determine The Effect And Usefulness Of Nutrition Label Information In Consumer Purchase Decisions, Constance J. Geiger

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Nutrition labeling research suggests consumers want nutrition information on the label; however, many do not comprehend it. The purpose of Phase I was to determine the effect of: 1. two levels of nutrition label formats; 2. three levels of nutrition information load on consumers' preference for product choice using adaptive conjoint analysis. A computer interactive interview was conducted on 252 consumers in Crossroads Mall, Salt Lake City, Utah. label alternatives were printed on soup cans to realistically portray the information. The conjoint analysis compared the attributes, nutrition information format, and nutrition information load in addition to brand and price and …

The Effects Of Participation In A Development Group Upon The Psychological Adjustment Of Pregnant Adolescents And Adolescent Mothers, Bernard E. Wazlavek

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Pregnant adolescents and adolescent mothers are a population at risk to a variety of negative social, economic, and psychological consequences. Numerous group interventions have been designed to improve the psychological adjustment of pregnant adolescents and adolescent mothers. However, there has been a paucity of research evaluating the efficacy of these interventions. This research was designed to evaluate the efficacy of the development group intervention. The primary objective of this research was to evaluate the effects of this intervention upon the psychological adjustment of the participants.

Thirty-two subjects (16 experimental and 16 comparison) enrolled in two alternative public high schools in …

The Effects Of Prey Vulnerability, Density, And Patch Replenishment In An Operant Analogue Of Foraging, Michael James Dewulf

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Foraging behavior has recently become a popular area of research with which ethologists, behavioral ecologists, and experimental psychologists converge their traditionally separate disciplines into a more multidisciplinary framework. Ethologists and behavioral ecologists usually study foraging as it occurs in the natural environment or the "field," while experimental psychologists contrive laboratory simulations of foraging and make the assumption, sometimes incorrectly, that generalization occurs across settings, situations, and species. Scientific advances are now beginning to occur in the ability of laboratory researchers to better simulate foraging as it occurs in the field. Field researchers are also becoming more willing to accept these …

Problems Of Data Collection For Economic Research In Small Farmer Agriculture: Some Experience In Somalia, Aden Abdullahi Aw-Hassan

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purposes of this thesis are twofold. The first is to show problems encountered in collecting and analyzing data on small-holder agriculture. The second is to describe the role of data in supporting research and rationalization of alternatives for sustaining agricultural strategies in development.

Data collected from six villages of the Lower Shebelle Region of Somalia are taken as a case study to show the difficulties encountered in procurement and analysis of that data. The thesis discusses data collection methods that ensure gathering adequate data that can be used to undertake production economics and farm management research. The thesis also …

Effect Of Bacterial Inoculant On Alfalfa Haylage: Ensiling Characteristics And Milk Production Response When Fed To Dairy Cows In Early Lactation, Barb Kent

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Third-cutting alfalfa hay harvested at bud stage in each of 2 yrs, treated with a live bacterial inoculant, packed in polyethylene-bonded bags and allowed to ensile. In both years, treated haylage had a lower pH, and a period effect was found for pH and mold count, regardless of treatment. In year 1, there was a period effect found for acid detergent fiber. In year 2, mean lactic-acid-producing bacteria numbers (log 10) were significantly higher for treated haylage (9.69 and 10.36) for control and treated haylage, respectively). Regardless of treatment, lactic-acid-producing bacteria numbers and water soluble carbohydrates significantly declined through time. …

Nitrogen And Energy Budgets Of Production Ewes On Summer Range In Southwestern Utah, John W. Halpop

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Nitrogen (N) and energy budgets for free-roaming ewes were quantified on mountain summer range in southwestern Utah in 1986 and 1987. Diet quality (%N), in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD), and energy were estimated with the use of five esophageally fistulated ewes. Excretion rates of N and energy to feces and urine were measured by total collection from five nonfistualted ewes.

Total intake N(gN/(MBW*d^-1) tracked intraseasonal changes of dietary N percent but was apparently buffered by fluctuations in dry matter intake. In each year, total urine N was closely related to dietary N concentration, r²=0.97 (1986) …

Gambel Oak For Spanish Goats: A Digestion-Balance Evaluation Of Nutrient Availability, Brian L. Dick

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Fresh-harvested Gambel oak (Quercus gambelii) browse was mixed with chopped alfalfa hay to formulate six diets, varying in oak content at two phenological stages. Diets included juvenile oak (65,80,95%), mature oak (40,80%), and an alfalfa control. Diets were evaluated for goats using a series of total-collection digestion balance trials. Dry matter intake was highest for animals on mature oak diets, and lowest on diets containing a high percentage of juvenile oak, possibly due to differences in diet dry matter content. Apparent digestibility of dry matter and cell wall components was lowest for mature oak diets, and highest for …

Nutrient And Water Interrelationships Between Crested Wheatgrass And Two Shrub Species, Paul B. Baker

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

When crested wheatgrass (Agropyron desertorum) grows in mixture with sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata), its production declines. Its production increases when grown in mixture with fourwing saltbush (Atriplex canescens), according to previous reports. This study investigated soil water extraction and potassium (K) nutrition of the two shrubs to identify possible causes of the differential responses of crested wheatgrass.

Crested wheatgrass had reduced, rather than increased, nitrogen (N) and K yield in mixture with fourwing saltbush. No differences in N and phosphorous (P) concentrations were observed between sagebrush and fourwing saltbush, but fourwing saltbush had a much …

Acquisition Of Forgaging Skills By Lambs Eating Grass Or Shrub, Enrique R. Flores

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

I studied the acquisition of foraging skills by lambs eating shrub or grass in three experiments. The general approach was to isolate those skills involved in prehending forage from those related to the acceptance of novel foods. Treatment lambs received 15 times more exposure to grass or shrub than did control lambs. Lambs were tested in 2.5 x 2.5 meter monocultures of shrub or grass 5 min/d, on two separate occasions. Height, bulk density and spatial arrangement of plant material were controlled during testing.

In Experiment 1, I studied the acquisition of foraging skills by lambs on monocultures of shrubs. …

A Model Of Energy Expenditure In White-Tailed Jackrabbits (Lepus Townsendii) Based On Integrated Studies Of Energetics And Field Ecology, Gordon L. Rogowitz

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Field and laboratory studies were conducted to develop a model of energy expenditure in a population of white-tailed jackrabbits (Lepus townsendii). Field work in southwestern Wyoming during 1985-87 showed that the breeding season commenced at snowmelt and ceased during late- July drought. Adult females reproduced relatively synchronously and produced a mean of three litters annually. Greatest fetal production occurred in the second litter period. Collections indicated a 1:1 sex ratio, few jackrabbits >2 years-old, and a density of 7 animals / km² in the population. Postnatal growth was sigmoidal, culminating in heavier adult females than males. Using …

Effect Of Fertilization On Woody Plant Chemistry: The Role In Diet Selection By Goats, Amanuel Gobena

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Lack of forage quantity and quality limit livestock production during the dry season in northeast Brazil. Coppice produced following cutting of tree species in this area has the potential to increase forage quantity and quality during the dry season, because trees that coppice retain green foliage throughout most of the dry season. However, the palatability of coppice is often low.

From a theoretical standpoint, woody plants with inherently slow growth rate should be less palatable to herbivores than plants with inherently fast growth rates, because plants that grow slowly allocate more carbon to compounds such as tannins and resins that …

Alfalfa Weevil, Hypera Postica (Gyllenhal), (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Response To Environmental Factors In Alfalfa Fields In Northern Utah, Larry Edward Jech

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Economic damage to forage alfalfa by the alfalfa weevil occurs frequently enough in northern Utah to warrant applications of an insecticide in some years but not all. Currently a five to ten day period is available to recognize injurious populations then make applications.

Sticky boards, pitfall traps, Berlese funnels sweep samples, stem bouquets, climatic variation and marking techniques were evaluated for alfalfa weevil population predictions. The prevailing climate was the most important factor controlling early adult activities. Early adult feeding and sexual development was the key to forecasting later larval populations. Regional surveys were not adequate for local control recommendations. …

Characterization Of Esterases And Glutathione S-Transferases In A Solitary Bee, Megachile Rotundata (Fab.): Variability, Developmental Multiplicity, Substrate Specificity, And Inhibition, Donald R. Frohlich

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The esterases and glutathione S-transferases of a solitary bee, Megachile rotundata (Fab.) (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae), the alfalfa leafcutting bee, were characterized by electrophoresis, substrate specificity, and inhibition studies. Comparisons were made between ages, sexes, and life stages for several classes of substrates and their isomers: aromatic, aliphatic, and thio-esters. Two esterases were found to be allozymes and variable between individuals and sexes. Adults typically possess an esterase that hydrolyzes fluorescent substrates, an organophosphate insensitive esterase, and a series of type 'B' esterases that are very sensitive to organophosphate inhibition. Electrophoretic patterns are different between adults and immatures and are probably …

A Simple Model To Predict Optimal Harvest Time Of Alfalfa Using Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy, Environmental, Morphological, And Growth Parameters, Jody A. Gale

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Knowledge of relationships between nutrient levels, yield, maturity, and environmental influences on alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) are necessary to estimate when to harvest alfalfa to maximize quality and yield. Objectives were to document the change in nutrient content, yield, and growth stage of alfalfa grown in Utah as it matures and to develop a simple model to predict optimal harvest date. The study involved three locations in major alfalfa producing regions in Utah. Samples were collected from three commonly grown alfalfa varieties between 26 April and 26 September in 1987. Maximum and minimum levels of crude protein (CP) observed were …

Factors Affecting The Sprouting Response Of Woody Caatinga Species And Their Implications For Improved Caatinga Management, Linda Howell Hardesty

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

In northeast Brazil grazing is a major use of much of the semiarid woodlands (caatinga). Animal production is limited by lack of dry season forage, primarily deciduous tree leaves. Management is constrained by the persistence of undesirable trees that sprout from the stump (coppice). This study evaluates the possibility of manipulating coppicing trees to improve caatinga management, particularly dry season forage production.

The season of cutting can influence coppicing. Trees were cut early and late in the wet and dry seasons. After two years, trees of all species cut in the late wet season produced less biomass than those cut …

Ultrafiltration: Retentate-Permeate Partitioning Of Milk Constituents, Eric Douglas Bastian

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The effect of ultrafiltration, diafiltration, and preacidification of milk on the partition of specific milk components between retentate and permeate was studied. Percent retention (for any component Y) was determined as:

[1 - (%Y in soln. permeate/%Y in soln. retentate)] X 100 where %Y in soln. = [%Y / (%Y + %H₂O)]

Simultaneous samples of retentate and permeate were taken at several points during each process. Percent retention of total solids, fat, total protein, rennet clottable nitrogen, lactose, total calcium, ionic calcium, sodium, phosphorous, and riboflavin was determined at each sampling point. Percent retention of β-carotene, vitamin B …

Plasmid-Linked Maltose Utilization In Lactobacillus Spp. Isolated From Meat, Mei-Ling Liu

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Five strains of Lactobacillus plantarum and four strains of Lactobacillus species isolated from fresh meat were examined for the presence of plasmid DNA. All strains examined contained between one and five plasmids ranging in molecular mass from 1.3 to 51.6 (Mdal). Plasmid-curing experiments suggest that maltose utilization is associated with a 51 Mdal plasmid in Lactobacillus sp. DB29 and 42 Mdal plasmids in Lactobacillus spp. DB27, DB28, DB31. Southern blot DNA-DNA hybridization showed homology between the maltose plasmid from Lactobacillus sp. DB29 and several plasmids from the other Lactobacillus spp.

Fluoride Content In Home-Canned Fruits In Utah, Sydney Ann Mcdonald

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of this research was to determine whether or not canning fruit using fluoridated water made a difference in the fluoride contents of the juice and the pulp. Four cities in Utah were chosen. Two cities were fluoridated (Brigham City and Helper) and two cities were not fluoridated (North Ogden and Price). Three homes were chosen within each city, and three jars of canned fruit (one jar each of apricots, cherries, and peaches) were selected from each home. The fruit samples were freeze-dried, and then the fluoride was measured with a fluoride ion electrode. A difference was found in …

Effects Of Exercise And Cheese Supplemented Diet On Cholesterol And Lipoprotein Fractions In Free-Living Young Human Subjects, Kathleen A. Gabel

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Ten young adults were divided into an exercising group (n = 6) and sedentary group (n = 4). Smoking, ingestion of alcohol, drugs and oral contraceptives were prohibited during 9 weeks of study. Diets were prepared by university food service. Food consumed was recorded and nutrient intakes were assessed. Cheese was consumed in 84 to 112 gram portions every day for two separate 14 day periods. All other dairy products were prohibited in the diet except 240 ml of two percent milk per day. When cheese was consumed, daily diets contained ca 400 kcal, 100 mg cholesterol, and 700 mg …

The Feasibility Of Artificial Insemination Of Dairy Cattle Managed By Fulani Tribesmen In Kaduna State, Nigeria, Christian Olafimihan Ojomo

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This study sought to determine: (a) the essential elements of a viable artificial insemination program for the Fulani Tribesmen in Kaduna State, Nigeria, and (b) to determine if the essential elements of a viable artificial insemination program exist in Kaduna State, Nigeria.

This study was conducted from April 15 to May 15, 1985, in the Artificial Insemination (AI) Subcenters of Zaria, Katsina, Kabomo, Kaduna, Ikara, Zonkwa, Kurmin-Biri, and Kauranjuli.

The data presented in this study were collected by personal interviews with Fulani Tribesmen. The population of this study was from a partial list of Fulani Tribesmen who have had AI …

The Effect Of An Early Sensorimotor Intervention Program On The Development Of Infants With Perinatal Intraventricular Hemorrhage, Janet Millard

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Our current ability to identify and appropriately treat infants who are at risk for developing various handicapping conditions is limited. Thus, research aimed at developing early diagnostic techniques and differential intervention programs for infants at risk for handicaps needs further attention. The purpose of this study was to determine if infants who suffered perinatal intraventricular hemorrhage and who received routine medical care plus sensorimotor intervention between 3 and 12 months of age, differed from similar infants who received only routine medical care.

Twenty-four subjects (10 experimental and 14 control) who were patients in neonatal intensive care at University of Utah …

Maintenance Energy Requirements Of Free Ranging Goats And Sheep, Ederlon Ribeiro De Oliveira

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Measurements of energy expenditures for domestic animals are used as a basis to determine the total energy requirements for maintenance and for production. Most studies on energy metabolism have been conducted under controlled, confinement conditions, and the results extrapolated to free - ranging animals. Such approaches do not always represent the real energy costs of free existence in the range or pasture environment.

This study compared energy expenditures of sheep and goats under free-grazing conditions and assessed the accuracy of the carbon dioxide entry rate technique (CERT) as compared to the oxygen consumption method. In addition, 24-hour activity budgets were …

Food Practices And Ritual In The Family Across Three Generations, Audrey Crawford Liddil

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The overall purpose of this study was to assess family patterns in regard to food practices and family rituals that occur in all families. Specifically, four major purposes were considered in this study: (a) to learn more about generational food practices and how they are passed from one generation to the next, (b) to analyze demographic factors in relation to food related practices, (c) to understand the role of family ritual in family food practices, and (d) to learn how family food practices impact the dietary patterns for society at large.

The data were obtained in February am March of …

The Self-Perceived Need For Parent Education By Divorced Parents, T. Wayne Hunsaker

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of this study was to determine the self perceived needs of divorced parents for parent education. Five independent variables, age, sex, income level, education, and time since divorce were analyzed. The survey was organized into three major parts with sub-headings. The survey questions asked divorced parents what parent education resources they used before, after divorce, and use now or in the future. Other questions asked what content these resources should contain. The survey was completed in Houston Texas, and Ogden, Utah with a total N of 38.

The results of the analysis indicated there was no significant differences …

Effects Of Sire, Ration, And Interaction Of Sire With Ration On Reproductive Performance Of Holstein Dairy Cows, Jen-Hon Justin Chen

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

A study was conducted to analyze reproductive data gathered over a ten-year period at the Utah State University Dairy Farm. The study utilized 289 complete first lactations of Holstein cows, including 150 daughters of 10 sires in Trial I and 139 daughters of 8 sires in Trial II. One sire was used in both trials; this was sire 4 in Trial I and sire 18 in Trial II. The study measured ration, season, and sire effects and their interactions on the reproductive performances of dairy cows.

Reproductive traits analyzed were: days from calving to first estrus, days from calving to …

Comparing Different Methods For Determining Moisture In Wheat Using Nesr Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy, Weider Chang

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

One hundred wheat samples, with moisture ranging from 14.42 %to 7.66 %, were used to test the moisture loss from grinding, the accuracy of moisture content from two different electric moisture meters, and the accuracy and precision of Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy whole wheat moisture determination.

Fifty samples were ground through three grinders, Wiley, Cemotec, and UDY Cyclone grinder. Moisture content was determined from these ground samples, and compared with whole wheat moisture. The Cemotec grinder caused the least amount of moisture loss, followed by Wiley and then UDY Cyclone.

Fifty whole wheat samples were used to calibrate the Tecator …

Effects Of Starter Cultures On Short-To Medium-Chain Free Fatty Acid Content And Sensory Properties Of Mutton Summer Sausage, Robert M. Essiaw-Quayson

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The effects of starter cultures on short- to medium-chain free fatty acid contents am sensory attributes of different batches of summer sausages were determined. The summer sausages were from range ram mutton, and formulated after grinding to contain 23% fat. Commercial starter cultures from different sources, including Micrococcus varians or Micrococcus species and Lactobacillus plantarum, commercial microbial lipase, an indigenous Micrococcus isolate or encapsulated lactic acid were used to prepare the summer sausages. Three batches were made, each batch receiving six different treatments.

Three consumer panels evaluated the sausages for acceptability and a trained screened panel evaluated the products …

Nutritional Intake And Physical Activity Of An Adult Population With Diabetes Mellitus Using The Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion Pump, Teresa Jean Matheny

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This study described three days of dietary intake, physical activity, and glycemic control in 14 female and eight male adult diabetics using Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion (CSII). Changes in weight after initiation of CSII were also described.

Dietary intakes were analyzed using the NUTREDFO computer program then compared to established standards. Both sexes had mean intakes of zinc, folate, vitamin B₆, and magnesium below the Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA, 1980) for age and sex. Female consumption of iron and total calories consumed were also below recommendations. When dietary intakes were analyzed on a nutrient per 1,000 kcal basis …

Cottage Cheese From Ultrafiltered Skimmilk By Direct Acidification, Jorge Ricardo Ocampo-Garcia

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Pasteurized skimmilk at 4°C was acidified to pH 5.8 with 85.5% phosphoric acid (136g H₃PO₄/100 kg skimmilk), then warmed to 54°C and ultrafiltered to a protein concentration 9.1 ± 0.2%. The retentate was heated to 76.5°C for 16 s then cooled to 2°C. Phosphoric acid (85.5%) was added at a rate of 3.41g per kg retentate. The acidified retentate was slowly warmed to 29.5°C (3°C/5 min) when the pH was checked. The pH at this point was no lower than 5.4. Heating was continued until a temperature of 32.2°C was reached. Glucono delta lactone was added …