Digital Commons Network^™

Isolation Of Bacteriophage Resistant Lactic Culture Strains With Known Temperature Sensitivity, Luna Ying-Chung Jeng

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Seven strains of Streptococcus cremoris and Streptococcus lactis were tested for temperature sensitivity on a temperature gradient bar. A temperature of 37 C was the optimum for differentiating between temperature-sensitive and insensitive strains. Temperature-insensitive strains produced cell masses with absorbance values of 0.1 or higher and activity levels of 1.0 (expressed as a decrease in pH) or above at 37 C. Temperature-sensitive strains failed to produce these cell masses and activity levels.

Strain selection and resistant-mutant isolation made it possible to identify ten strains of Streptococci sufficiently free of phage sensitivity for use in a cheese plant rotation program. These …

Effects Of Social And Demographic Characteristics, Knowledge Of Coronary Heart Disease And Dietary Practices On The Level Of Serum Cholesterol, Wendy Whanghea Kim

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge of coronary heart disease and behavior variables on blood cholesterol concentration among 218 selected subjects in northern Utah communities.

The data were obtained from physicians' medical charts and a survey specifically designed for this study. A model was developed from an intensive review of literature and the current state of theoretical and empirical knowledge and was tested by means of path analysis. The model contained fourteen variables including familial coronary heart disease heredity, sex, age, the presence of disease(s), educational attainment, special dietary regimen, occupation, knowledge …

Production Of Quick-Cooking Beans (Phaseolus Vulgaris L.): Investigations On Antinutrients And Quality, Vishalakshi G. Iyer

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Three bean varieties, namely, great northern, kidney, and pinto (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), were subjected to several physico-chemical treatments to reduce their cooking time. Soaking in a combination of salt solutions (sodium chloride, 2.5 percent+ sodium bicarbonate, 1.5 percent+ sodium tripolyphosphate, 1.0 percent + sodium carbonate, 0.5 percent) resulted in 80-85 percent reduction in cooking time. Irradiation (Γ-rays) at 500 Krads of soaked and dehydrated beans caused nearly 50 percent reduction in cooking time. High temperatures (37 and 45°C) and pH (9.0) caused greater water imbibation and total solids loss than room temperature (22°C) and pH 7.0. Organoleptic evaluation of beans …

Investigations On Improvement Of Acceptability And Evaluation Of The Nutritive Value Of Processed Cabbage And Its Effects On The Tumorigenicity In Mice, Chareonsri Srisangnam

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The objectives of this investigation have been to study the acceptability and nutritive value of processed cabbage and to elucidate the effects of chronic administration of cabbage on the activity of a colon tumorigen, 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH). The organoleptic unacceptability of cabbage in spite of its high nutritional and economic values governed the choice of this cruciferous vegetable for this work.

Cabbage samples were blanched with steam, chemical solutions, and microwaves. Microwave blanching led to a "burnt spot" effect and to a relatively greater loss in weight of the vegetable. Blanching in solution involved boiling of cabbage with a chemical solution …

Growth Of Phytophthora Infestans Race 1.2.4 And Synthesis Of Steroid Glycoalkaloids By The Fungus In Synthetic Media, Melanie R. Maas

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

A chemically defined synthetic medium was developed in which Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary race 1.2.4 grew extensively. This medium consisted of: 90.0 grams maltose, 20.0 grams DL-alanine, 20.0 grams L-proline, 1.0 gram KNO₃, 0.5 gram KH₂PO₄, 0.25 gram MgSO_4. 7H₂O, 1.0 milligram thiamin per liter of distilled water. The average level of growth in this medium was 0.5864 gram dry weight mycelium per 50 milliliters medium.

The glycoalkaloids, solanidine and solanine, were synthesized by Phytophthora infestans in the above medium with 62.5 percent of the samples positive and an overall …

Cheese Flavor Development In Ultrafiltered Whole Milk Concentrates, David Long-Ying Hwang

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The development of cheese flavor in ultrafiltered whole milk retentates was investigated. Acidified (pH 5.7) pasteurized whole milk was concentrated to 21% fat, 17% protein and 41% total solids, and then divided into six lots. Each lot was subdivided into three groups of two samples each. Each group was inoculated with one of three lactic cultures -- Streptococcus lactis C₆ , commercial mixed concentrated Marschall's MD294S or CCI299S. One sample in each group was treated with rennet and the other sample left rennet free. All samples were incubated at 30 C until the pH reached 5.2-5.1. Each of the …

Incorporating The Index Of Nutritional Quality In The Nutrition Education Of Wic Recipients, Mary J. Roth

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate nutrition educational lessons and instructional materials based on the Index of Nutritional Quality (INQ). INQ is a graphic, nutrient density concept. The lessons and instructional materials were used in the nutrition education of pregnant women in the WIC Program. Six nutrition lessons were written utilizing the INQ concept. Lesson one emphasized the importance of the WIC supplemental foods and the recommended number of servings from the basic four food groups during pregnancy. Lessons two through six concerned the importance of the following nutrients during pregnancy: calcium, protein, iron, vitamin A …

Effects Of Acid Fermentation, Dry-Heat And Wet-Heat Processing On The Bioavailability Of Calcium, Iron And Fluoride In Mechanically-Deboned Beef, Tzy-Bin Nancy Tso

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Mechanically-deboned beef shank (MDS) and hand-deboned beef shank (HDS) were prepared into thuringer (acid fermented), canned meat (retorted) and bologna (dry-heated). Raw meat and these products were then lyophilized and mixed into balanced diets and fed to weanling male rats for three weeks to evaluate the bioavailability of calcium, iron and fluoride. Bioavailability of calcium from MDS and its processed products was determined by feeding growing male rats with 5.01 to 5.53 g Ca/kg from MDS. HDS diets with 0.18 to 7.13 g Ca/kg added from calcium carbonate were also fed to rats for a relative comparison. The bioavailability of …

Nutritional Understanding Of Preschool Children Taught In The Home And Child Development Laboratory, Thomas R. Lee

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This study was devised to determine the readiness of preschool children to learn about basic concepts of nutrition. Sixty preschool children enrolled in the Utah State University Child Development Laboratory, comprised the sample. Twenty children were taught at home by parents, 20 were taught at the Laboratory, and 20 received no instruction. The curriculum was based on the concept of nutrient density and used the Index of Nutritional Quality (INQ) in developing instructional mate rials. INQ is an index for comparing the amount of nutrients to the amount of calories in a food. Food Profile Cards, visual representations of this …

The Toxicity, Metabolism And Distribution Of Carbaryl In Three Species Of Labops With And Without Piperonyl Butoxide Treatment (Hemiptera:Miridae), Deifalla H. Osman

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Carbaryl toxicity, metabolism, and distribution in adults of three species of grass bugs from the genus Labops were studied in relation to species, sex, and treatment with piperonyl butoxide. LC₅₀ values for 8 hour exposure periods ranged from 0.02-0.14, 0.03-0.3, and 0.2-0.7 μg carbaryl/vial for L. utahensis, L. hirtus, and L. hesperius respectively. The males were more susceptible to carbaryl than females. Males of L. utahensis were more susceptible than L. hirtus and L. hesperius respectively.

The synergist difference values (LC₅₀ of carbaryl alone - LC₅₀ values of carbaryl after piperonyl butoxide treatment) were measured. …

Development And Validation Test Of A Mule Deer Habitat Rule, Glenn Gephart

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

A mathematical description of Rocky Mountain mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus hemionus) habitat was developed and subjected to validation testing using correlation and multiple regression statistical techniques. Data were collected on a central Utah study area, which was divided into mountain and desert regions.

Data on deer utilization and several habitat components from 86 study plots visited in 1976 were used to develop a habitat rule. Data from 46 study plots visited in 1977 were used to test the accuracy of the rule. Deer utilization was determined from pellet group counts on 20 0.001 ha pellet plots at each …

Some Effects Of A Grazer, Hyalella Azteca On Ecosystem Level Properties In Aquatic Microcosms, Martin D. Werner

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

A study to determine some ecosystem level effects of an aquatic invertebrate grazer, Hyalella azteca, was performed in aquatic ix microcosms. Impact of the grazer was assessed in three general areas: 1) inorganic nutrient levels of the microcosm water column, 2) productivity and respiration of the biotic community, and 3) plant community composition in the microcosms.

The grazing amphipod caused inorganic phosphorus and nitrogen (except ammonia) levels to be elevated in the microcosms. The increase was due, at least partially, to excretion of nutrients into the water by the amphipod. The presence of H. azteca did not significantly …

Effects Of Forage Availability On Voluntary Intake And Feeding Behavior Of Grazing Heifers, Anastasios S. Nastis

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Forage intake by animals is an important factor in determining production of livestock products from rangelands. However, relatively little is known of effects of such forage variables as availability and distribution in space upon intake. Even less is known about how the grazing animal modifies its feeding tactics when confronted with diminishing or limited supplies of available forage and how such altered behavior may affect the animal's energetic cost for existence. Forage intake, body weight gain, grazing time and biting rate of Angus heifers was related to forage availability and plant height on semiarid crested wheatgrass rangeland during the late …

Population Limitation Of Jackrabbits: An Examination Of The Food Hypothesis, William R. Clark

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The study was conducted to examine the importance of forage resources in limiting peak population density of black-tailed jackrabbits (Lepus californicus). The research design combined field studies of jackrabbit diet and vegetation impact with computer simulation of herbivore nutrition and population dynamics. The relationships between available forage, dietary intake, energy and protein balance and population changes were compared for high and low population density. Hypotheses tested were : (1) Dietary composition is unaffected by availability above 10 kg/ha; (2) Jackrabbits do not require more forage than is available at high population densities; (3) Dietary composition is not significantly …

The Covalent Interaction Of Hepatic Metabolites Of The Insecticide Chlordane With Cellular Macromolecules In The Rat And Mouse In Vitro, Alan A. Brimfield

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This investigation addressed several aspects of the covalent interaction of metabolites of the insecticide chlordane with cellular macromolecules in vitro. Microsomal preparations from the liver of mice and rats were used and covalent binding to microsomal protein and RNA or to added calf thymus DNA was studied. Pure ¹⁴C-labelled cis- and trans-chlordane isomers as well as an isomeric mixture (¹⁴C-cis-chlordane plus ¹⁴C-trans-chlordane 3:1, w:w) were used as substrates for the in vitro system. Biochemical parameters investigated included inhibition of microsomal mixed-function oxidase and epoxide hydratase plus the induction of these enzymes by pretreatment with chlordane …

Linear Models For Estimating The Nutritive Value Of Sheep Diets, Michael L. Christiansen

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Digestibility data were determined in 2 replications of a 2 x 3 x 2 x 2 factorial arranged experiment to: (1) determine the effects of forage type (grass vs alfalfa), forage maturity (late vegetative vs midbloom vs fullbloom), diet ingredients (forage only vs 50:50 forage plus corn), and diet texture (coarsely chopped vs pelleted) on the digestibility of diet chemical constituents by sheep; (2) develop equations to estimate digestible energy of sheep diets from nutrient content of the diet; and (3) compare popular chemical methods used to partition feed dry matter into fibrous and soluble components. Diets were fed to …

Causative Factors And Some Consequences Of Dystocia In Two-Year-Old Heifers, Delyn Jensen

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Causative factors and some consequences of dystocia were examined in 3923 parturitions among Hereford and Angus x Hereford crossbred two-year-old heifers. Fifty percent of the parturitions required some assistance. Minor assistance was required in 34.5% of the parturitions and major assistance involving use of a calf puller, in 15.1%. Caesarean section and foetotomy were rendered in 0.3% and .05% of the cases, respectively. Abnormal presentation at birth, which included leg back, head back, backwards, hiplock and breech, was observed in only 2.9% of the births and therefore is a minor contributor to dystocia. The major causes of dystocia were not …

The Effect Of Wilt-Pruf, Antitranspirant On Reducing Water Loss Of Apple Trees, Hassan A. Nammah

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The influence of different concentrations of a film-forming antitranspirant (Wilt-Pruf) on the transpiration rate of young apple trees (M106) was studied. One-year-old Mailing 106 trees were potted in 10.2 em (4 inch) metal pots. The plants were placed in a controlled environmental chamber during the study period. Sufficient reductions in water loss resulted with all concentrations of Wilt-Pruf with a 63 percent reduction at the highest concentration. Phytotoxicity was not observed though the higher concentrations imparted a sticky film to plants and they appeared to be lighter green at the end of the test. The effect of Wilt-Pruf on four-year …

Relationship Of Environmental Chromium And Zinc Levels To Tissue Chromium And Zinc Levels From Individuals With Maturity Onset Diabetes Mellitus In Selected Watershed Areas Of Utah, Carol H. Williams

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This study was conducted to determine whether a functional relationship exists between human tissue and environmental levels of chromium and/or zinc and in individuals with maturity onset diabetes.

Three counties of Utah were selected as sites:

1. Wayne County, where a State Health Department screening had shown a 12.7 percent incidence of diabetes, and, where there is very little industry, and an assumed low level of environmental chromium and zinc

2. Utah County, where the diabetic screening had shown an 0.75 percent incidence of diabetes and where there is nearby large industry and an assumed higher level of zinc and …

Sodium And Potassium Nutrition Studies Of Halogeton Glomeratus (M. Bieb) C.A. Mey, Ali A. Alhelal

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Halogeton glomeratus (M. Bieb) C.A. Mey when grown in nutrient solution, caused the solution pH to decrease very rapidly as plants increased in size, especially during the fifth week of growth. This might be attributed to hydrogen ion exchange for cations. Also, the cation uptake, especially K and Na, may exceed that of the major anions. The control of pH is effective in increasing shoot weights markedly.

In general there was no difference between plants grown at the same NaCl concentration at low and high relative humidity. An increase in plant size, shoot weights, leaf length and diameter was detected …

An Electron Microscopic Examination Of Spermiogenesis In The Recessive Sex-Linked Male-Sterile Mutant, Ms(1)10s Of Drosophila Melanogaster, Lizabeth A. Perkins

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Electron microscopy of the testes of mutant ms(1)10S of Drosophila melanogaster is characterized by three major defects in the tail region of the developing spermatid. One is the apparent lack of paracrystalline body formation. The second is the loss of the primary derivative as development proceeds, and the third is the breakup and incorporation of the plasma membrane and periaxonemal sheath into membranous whorls. The mutant shows different patterns of axonemal breakup depending on the stage of differentiation in which degeneration begins. Degeneration continues until only cellular debris, scattered axonemal profiles and membranous whorls are all that are seen …

Influence Of Spring Sheep Grazing On The Forage Intake And Quality Of Diets Consumed By Pen-Reared Mule Deer Under Winter-Range Conditions, Kenneth Owen Fulgham

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This study examined the nutritional responses of mule deer during winter on range subjected to a system of spring livestock grazing. The specific purposes were 1) to determine the quality (crude protein, digestible energy, and digestibility) of diets consumed by mule deer in winter on ranges grazed and ungrazed by sheep in spring, 2) to determine the level of forage intake, as determined by the external indicator chromic oxide, for deer under the same grazing regimes, 3) to compare forage intake estimates determined by the external indicator (chromic oxide) with results obtained by ocular estimation, and 4) to determine the …

The Social Behavior Of Brown Bears At Mcneil River, Alaska, Allan L. Egbert

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The social behavior of brown bears (Ursus arctos) was studied during the summers of 1972 and 1973 as bears fished for salmon at McNeil River, Alaska. Study objectives were to determine behavioral characteristics of bears in relation to sex and age, changes in social behavior over a 40-day long fishing season, social and environmental parameters correlated with the occurrence of behavior, and to test the hypothesis that brown bears modify social behavior in a feeding aggregation to exploit a resource limited in time and space.

Over one-half of the agonistic interactions consisted of passive deferrals. Encounters that included …

Quantitation Of Formaldehyde Resulting From Oxidative Deterioration Of Unsaturated Fatty Acids, Stanley J. Andrews

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Derivatives of 3-methyl-1-2-benzothiazolinone hydrazone were formed from the oxidation products of three oxidized unsaturated fatty acids. Aeration with oxygen and heat (65C) was used as a means of accelerating deterioration of lipid samples. Formaldehyde was recovered from oxidized pure standards of oleic, linoleic and linolenic acid methyl esters, and identified using gas chromatography. Formaldehyde was also recovered from oxidized lipid extracts of mechanic ally deboned turkey meat and turkey cluster fat. Gas chromatography was used to measure concentrations of unsaturated fatty acids during the oxidation of extracted lipids. Linoleic and linolenic fatty acids significantly decreased (p < .005) in oxidized lipid extracts from turkey cluster fat stored frozen for six months.

Measurement of the amounts …

Magnesium Deficiency And Excitability In The Rat: An Examination Of Selected Biochemical And Physiological Events Relating Magnesium Status To Behavior, Douglas Robinson Buck

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The effect of Mg status on the behavior of rats, as determined by nonspecific excitability level and audiogenic seizure susceptibility, was investigated. Also, selected biochemical and neurological mechanisms mediating the chain of events from dietary magnesium deficit to the hyperexcitability symptoms were examined. Weanling rats fed a low magnesium (10 ppm) diet for 14 days had reduced serum, cerebrospinal fluid and brain magnesium concentrations, and increased brain (Na⁺ K⁺) -ATPase activity. They exhibited increased NEL and became highly susceptible to audiogenic seizures. Through dietary manipulation and intraperitoneal and cerebral intraventricular injections, it was possible selectively to alter …

Comparative Analysis Of Wic Participants In The Bear River Health District, Cynthia S. Israelsen

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

A thorough collection of data was completed on Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) particpants in the Bear River Health District to help determine the nutrition education needs of that WIC population. Data were also collected on education, income, and ethnic groups form other states and districts in the nation for comparison with results of this study.

The data collected in this study will provide an adequate data base for the future development of nutrition education materials for this district and perhaps other similar districts nationwide.

The Bear River district participants, Logan clinic participants in particular, appear to be quite atypical …

Biochemical Investigations Of Black Gram (Phaseolus Mungo L.) And Rice (Oryza Sativa L.) Proteins And Their Improved Nutritional Functionality In The Fermented Product—Idli, Vinodkumar W. Padhye

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The objectives of this investigation have been to characterize black gram (Phaseolus mungo L.) and rice (Oryza sativa L.) proteins and to study changes in their nutritional value due to fermentation. Black gram, the legume chosen for this work, is one of the most important legume crops throughout a large part of the tropics.

The protein content of 60 mesh, dehydrated, defatted black gram meal was 28.5 percent. Sodium carbonate (0.5-1.0 percent), tetra-sodium pyrophosphate (0.5 percent), and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) (0.5-5 percent) proved to be the potential protein solubilizers as they extracted more than 76 grams of …

The Effect Of High Protein, Low Pyridoxine Diet On Calcium Retention In Rats, Julia S. Bottom

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The effect of increasing the dietary protein and pyridoxine level on calcium balance and bone strength was studied in growing and adult rats. The loss of calcium due to urinary excretion of o-phosphoryl-ethanolamine on a high protein diet was also examined.

Three studies were conducted. In the first adult male rats were fed 40% protein diets with high or low pyridoxine or a low protein, low pyridoxine diet. Calcium balance and femur bending stress were determined. In the second study male weanling rats were given either 10 or 63% protein with 0.40 or 0.73% pyridoxine. Calcium and phosphorous balances were …

The Sensory Evaluation Of Food Products Made With Varying Levels Of Sucrose And Fructose And Of Threshold Measurements Of Individuals With Diabetes Mellitus, Sherrie Lynn Hardy

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The relative sweetness, flavor, texture and overall acceptance of sucrose and fructose was determined at various sugar levels in sugar cookies, white cake, vanilla pudding and lemonade. Because of the reported increased sweetness of fructose and its increased tolerance in individuals with diabetes mellitus, the study was designed to investigate the possibility of fructose as an alternative sweetener.

Taste panel members were used to evaluate the products. All products were served in duplicate and only data from those judges who had sampled both replications were used for the statistical analysis. Each product was prepared at 100%, 50% and 25% of …

Potential For Cattle Grazing On Sheep Range In Southwest Utah, Jose Salvador Gutierrez-Garza

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

A study was conducted on pastures grazed by sheep in late winter at the Desert Experimental Range in southwest Utah. Estimates of plant cover and herbage production were obtained in 1977 and used to examine long-term trends in the vegetation.

The nutritional value of the six most important species of the area was assessed by chemical analysis. In addition, a management strategy was developed for obtaining some utilization of the range during the spring and summer months without affecting the traditional winter use by sheep.

Long-term records (since 1937) in cover suggest a modest increase in grasses and a decrease …