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Reduced Recruitment In Utah Mule Deer Relative To Winter Condition, Phillip J. Zwank

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Reduced recruitment rates in Utah mule deer (Odocoilus hemionus) showed that significant losses in production were accruing during pregnancy, the neonatal period or during the first few months after birth. The primary objectives of the study were to determine the time, extent and possible causes of these losses.

Corpora luteal and fetal rates were estimated by examining the reproductive tracts of 125 carcasses collected on selected herd units in Utah and by observing the reproductive tracts of 136 female deer captured in Spanish Fork Canyon. A laparotomy was performed on each captured female to allow visual examination of the reproductive …

Production And Intake Responses Of Dairy Cows Fed Four Levels Of Malic Acid, Juan Carlos Martinez Alferez

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Thirty-two lactating cows were assigned at random to four treatments of malic acid to determine if these levels had an effect on milk production, milk composition, feed intake, and efficiency of feed utilization. Malic acid allotment for each treatment consisted of 1) 15.4, 2) 11.6, 3) 7.7, and 4) 0 grams of malic acid fed per kilogram of concentrate. Concentrate was fed according to production at a rate of one kilogram per two kilograms of milk in excess of 9.1 kilograms of milk per cow daily. Alfalfa hay was fed free choice and corn silage at a rate of 11.4 …

Comparison Of Microbial Activity In Desert Soils Of The Western United States, Patricia Ann Trujillo Y Fulgham

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Soils from four regional deserts, Great Basin, Sonoran, Chihuahuan, and Mojave, were collected at times throughout the year which would best exhibit microbial response to moisture or vegetation. The soils were analyzed for several chemical and physical properties. Biological and biochemical characteristics, namely respiration, dehydrogenase activity, adenosine triphosphate concentration, proteolytic activity, nitrification potential, and microbial numbers, were measured.

The soils exhibited fluctuations in microbial activity as measured by respiration, dehydrogenase activity, adenosine triphosphate concentration, proteolytic activity, and nitrification potential during different moisture seasons.

Increase in soil moisture as modified by precipitation did not cause a significant difference in respiration or …

Mathematical Equations Describing Chick Performance And Carcass Composition As A Function Of Diet Protein And Energy Levels, Naiyana Nakhata

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Previous work at Utah State University determined minimum levels of different nutrients that would produce the maximum rate of gain or gain/feed ratio by feeding graded levels of the nutrients. Fitting broken lines to the data from work with one nutrient tended to underestimate the minimum requirement for that nutrient. It appeared that the response was not linear up to the level required to give maximum performance as the "broken line" approach to estimating the requirement assumes. It seemed worthwhile to try to describe the relation between ration level of a nutrient and chick performance by means of a mathematical …

Examination Of The Effect Of Age, Education, Parity, Pregravid Weight, Pregnancy Weight Gain, And County Of Residence On Incidence Of Low Birth Weight Infants In Utah And Nevada, Marsha H. Read

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

One of the primary purposes of the investigation was to examine the impact of a number of variables on the incidence of low birth weight in two states, Utah and Nevada, that have divergent low birth weight incidences. The sample size obtained from birth certificate data for this purpose was 51,147 (1969-1974) for Nevada and 26,464 (1970) and 29,422 (1974) for Utah. Additionally, separate analyses were made for Utah and Nevada data available for the year 1974. The respective sample sizes for this year were 29,422 (Utah) and 8,256 (Nevada). Least squares analysis indicated sex of the infant, race of …

Browse Evaluation And Survey Techniques For The Uinta North Slope Moose Herd, William H. Babcock

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

A study was conducted on the North Slope of the Uinta Mountains from January, 1972 through June, 1974, to determine the effects of three simulated levels of moose utilization on the crude protein content, phosphorus content, digestibility and vigor of willow plants. A comparison was also made on the crude protein content, phosphorus content and digestibility of current year's versus past years' willow growth. Finally, the validity of direct and indirect population enumeration methods was compared for the possible development of a standardized moose survey technique.

Clipping caused a highly significant increase in crude protein and phosphorus content between treatment …

Religious And Geographic Correlates Of Breast Feeding, Joan Boyington Sellers

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This study focused mainly upon regional and religious variables influencing a mother's decision for a particular infant feeding practice. The problem of this study was to investigate the breast feeding and maternal attitudes of Mormon and non-Mormon mothers who were raised within the Mountain States region and compare them to the attitudes of Mormon and non-Mormon women who are not residents of this region.

No significant differences were found between the resident and non- resident women in their practice of bottle or breast feeding, nor was any significant difference found between the number of Mormon and non-Mormon women who breast …

Consumption, Digestion, And Utilization By Goats Of The Dry Matter And Nitrogen In Diets Containing Oak (Quercus Gambelii) Foliage, Anastasios Stefanos Nastis

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Part I
A study of animal performance was made with goats fed, ad libitum ground and pe11eted mixtures of Gambe1 oak and alfalfa. Intake, digestibility, metabolizable nitrogen, and metabolized energy of oak diets were generally lower than those for a control alfalfa diet. However, no significant differences in live weight gains of experimental animals were found. No apparent toxicity was detected in goats fed diets containing up to 80 percent oak for 72 days.

Part II
Mixtures of oak (Quercus gambelii) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa) were used to evaluate three laboratory techniques, the Tilley and Terry …

Diet Composition And Activities Of Elk On Different Habitat Segments In The Lodgepole Pine Type, Uinta Mountains, Utah, William B. Collins

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The biweekly diets of tame elk (Cervus canadensis nelsoni) were established on a species dry-weight basis for different habitat segments of the lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) type, Principal species in the diets (5% or more) on each habitat segment were generally composed of preferred species. However, some highly abundant but non-preferred species took on principal dietary status, whereas some preferred species, scarce in the vegetation, contributed less than 5 percent to diets. Forbs contributed most to total consumption; grasses and sedges were the second largest contributors. Browse appeared to be of limited importance, but mushrooms had …

Forage Preferences Of Mule Deer In The Lodgepole Pine Ecosystem, Ashley National Forest, Utah, Joseph A. Deschamp

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

During the summer of 1976, five tame, trained mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus hemionus) were used to determine botanical composition and relative preference of mule deer diets on five habitat segments in the lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) ecosystem of northeastern Utah. Diets were statistically analyzed according to estimated weight consumption per unit of time spent feeding on the different segments. Habitat segments sampled were: clearcut forest, dry and wet meadow, mature forest, and stagnated forest.

Diets differed between segments mainly because of differences in plant species available and their abundance. The diets in the non-forested segments averaged …

Energy Usage Trends, Energy-Food Conversion Efficiency, And Relative Energy Efficiency Of Primary Crop Agriculture, Estimated From Energy-Nutrient Conversion Ratios In Mexico, India, United States, And Japan, Gerald L. Blight

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Energy-nutrient conversion ratios, as a measure of relative agricultural efficiency for Mexico, India, in the United States, and Japan between 1951 and 1974, were calculated for protein, B-vitamins, calcium, iron and food energy production. Estimates from the different nutrient ratios showed a range in percent change of production efficiency over the twenty-four year period. Indian estimates were the most consistent with only a 7 percent variability. Japan (23 percent), United States (42 percent), and Mexico (43 percent) each showed greater variability in their efficiency estimate ranges from aggregate energy-nutrient conversion ratios. Japan was the only country for which negative trends …

A Self-Instructional, Multi-Media Approach To Facilitate The Teaching Of The Index Of Nutritional Quality, Claudia Kay Probart

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

A review of the literature dealing with nutrition education established the following: (a) that there is a need for nutrition education at the elementary school level; (b) that elementary teachers do not always have the background or motivation to meet this need for nutrition education; and (c) that new educational methods that are easier to understand and more highly motivating are needed.

The Index of Nutritional Quantity (INQ), a nutrient density concept, was developed at Utah State University to answer the need for easily understood and motivating nutrition information. The INQ method of nutrition education has been used and considered …

The Iron Bioavailability Of Mechanically-Deboned Meats, Bonnie Rae Anderson Farmer

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Two separate experiments were used to investigate iron bioavailability of mechanically-deboned meats using hemoglobin regeneration to measure iron utilization. In both studies, male weanling rats were made anemic by bleeding and being fed a low-iron diet. Experimental diets were control fed to the animals and final hemoglobin concentrations were recorded. Animals were sacrificed and liver iron concentrations determined. The first experiment measured the iron bioavailability of mechanically-deboned and hand-deboned beef plate was better utilized by rats than the iron from mechanically- deboned shank and mechanically-deboned plate. The effect of lipid source and level on iron bioavailability of mechanically-deboned turkey meat …

A Field Study In The Use Of Dietary And Urinary Variables In Determining Osteoporosis In Elderly People, Jane Steger Osborn

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Three-day dietary records were analyzed for nutrient content and 24 hour urine samples were analyzed for calcium, phosphorous, total nitrogen, and free alpha-amino nitrogen for 210 elderly people. Dietaries and urine samples were collected twice, October and March at five month intervals, for each subject. Increases were found in both dietary intake and urinary components October to March. Based on a criteria of high dietary protein, low dietary calcium, high urinary nitrogen and low calcium, 23 subjects were selected as osteoporotic and and 25 were selected as non-osteoporotic. This method of prediction was not supported by radiological evaluations.

Bone density …

Persistence Of Mucor Miehei Protease In Cheddar Cheese And Pasteurized Whey And Its Effect On Sterile Milk Products, Randall Kirk Thunell

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Whey from a commercial cheese plant, taken at draining on five separate days, from cheese made with a Mucor miehei coagulant was cooled within 1 h to 4 C. Portions were adjusted from pH 4.2 to 6.4 at .2 pH intervals and subjected to HTST pasteurization at 73.9, 76.6, and 79.5 C for 25 sec. Milk clotting activity in whey was determined before and after pasteurization. Resistance to heat in-activation increased with decreasing pH. All measurable activity was destroyed above pH 5.4 by pasteurization at 79.5 C, above pH 5.8 at 76.6 C and above pH 6.0 at 73.9 C. …

The Relationship Of Molybdenum To Iron Status In Pregnancy And Anemia In Rats And Humans, Jo Ann Mortensen

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Weanling male rats were made anemic and fed diets supplemented with 20 ppm iron and/or 2 ppm molybdenum. A decrease in serum iron was observed in the rats supplemented only with iron and a significant decrease in hemoglobin was observed in rats given no supplementation.

In a second experiment, pregnant female rats were also fed diets supplemented with 20 ppm iron and/or 2 ppm molybdenum. An inverse relationship was apparent between iron and copper in both the serum and the liver of the female rats. The livers of their pups displayed an inverse relationship between molybdenum and copper. Hemoglobin in …

Milko-Tester Analysis Of Milkfat Content Of Churned And Nonchurned Samples From Jersey And Holstein Dairy Cattle, Kazuko Monobe

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Milk samples from three Jersey and three Holstein herds were used to determine if the degree of churning correlated with the initial milkfat assay, and also to determine if the churned milkfat could be measured as accurately as the initial milkfat using the Milko-Tester.

Regression lines for the initial milkfat test versus churned milk- fat test fit polynomial curves. The degree of churning was greater for Jerseys than Holsteins and correlated with the initial milkfat test.

The repeatability of initial milkfat tests vas 0.98 for Jerseys and 0.99 for Holsteins. However, the repeatability of churned milkfat tests was lower for …

Two Generational Study On The Effect Of Different Levels Of Fluoride On Rat Bone And Teeth, Madhav Prasad Upadhyay

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The effects of different levels of fluoride in drinking water on different parameters of femurs and incisors of female rats were studied. Rats and their offspring, before and after weaning, were used for the study. Mother rats received 0, 1 and 5 ppm fluoride in drinking water. After weaning, the offspring were given the following treatments: 0-0, 0-1, 0-5, 1-0, 1-1, 1-5, 5-0, 5-1 and 5-5; the first number indicating fluoride level of mother's water during mating, pregnancy and lactation and the second number indicating the fluoride level of water given to the offspring. Femurs and top and bottom incisors …

The Affect Of The Placement Of Food On The Tray And The Scheduling Of Playtime On Plate Waste And Nutrient Intake By Elementary School Children, Elise Walton

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

For three weeks the plate waste from the students at the Edith Bowen Laboratory School was collected. The students were divided into three units by grade; Unit I, kindergarten and first grade, Unit II, second and third grade; and Unit III, fourth through sixth grade. The total waste of the individual menu items in the three units was weighed to determine the total waste of each food item for the unit. In each unit individual food items from three control trays weighed together, and an average serving portion for the item in each of the three units was obtained.

The …

The Development And Evaluation Of A Nutrient Density Based Nutrition Education Program For Elementary Schools, Guendoline Brown

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

A behavioral objective based nutrition education program for kindergarten through sixth grade which allowed nutrition education to be integrated into existing classroom programs was developed and evaluated. A nutrient density approach served as the conceptual framework for the program. Nutrient density evaluates the nutrient content of a food in relationship to the caloric content. Materials for student use, teacher use and teacher training were developed.

The program was evaluated in 27 classrooms in nine public elementary schools in Utah and Idaho with 806 student participants. Pre- and post tests as well as classroom evaluations were conducted.

Students, teachers and parents …

A Process Incorporating Ultrafiltration Concentrated Whey Solids Into Cheese For Increased Cheese Yield, Rodney Jay Brown

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

A process which incorporates whey sol ids, primarily protein, into cheese to increase cheese yield and eliminate whey handling problems was evaluated. Whey was concentrated by ultrafiltration to levels of 9.8 to 20.3 percent total solids (4.3 to 7.1 percent protein), heated at 70 C for 30 minutes and added to cheese milk with the coagulating enzyme.

Increase in cheese yield, on the basis of 39 percent moisture, for 10 pairs of samples was 4.0 ± 2.8 (S.D.) percent. This increase was significant at alpha less than 0.001. Moisture and protein content increased while fat content decreased. Setting time and …

Subtle Teratogenic Effects Of Locoweed In Rats, Benjamin K. Nelson

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Locoweed, a well-known teratogenic plant affecting livestock, is prevalent in mountain regions of the Western United States. Two common species (Astragalus lentiginosus and A. wootoni), administered to pregnant rats, induced behavioral deviations in their offspring. Treated mothers consumed less feed and gained less wieght during gestation than controls when gavaged locoweed at the rate of 1 gram whole plant per day on days 7 through 17 of gestation. A. lentiginosus reduced pup weight at birth (13% less than controls) and this weight reduction (as much as 29% less than controls) continued at least four weeks. A. lentiginosus also …

The Influence Of Various Factors On Nitrogen Balance And Protein Quality Measured In Adult Human Beings, Arthur John Wittwer

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The effect of nitrogen intake, nitrogen source, calorie intake, body weight, adaptation time, research group and sex on the nitrogen balance of human adults was investigated. Data from studies reported in the literature were combined and analyzed statistically by multiple regression techniques. Analyses were made separately for six sources of nitrogen: egg, beef, rice, corn, wheat and wheat gluten.

Nitrogen intake, caloric intake and body weight exerted significant effects on nitrogen balance (5% level of confidence) for six, three and two of the six nitrogen sources, respectively. Other variables were not significant at the 5% level. Although differences were not …

Coyote-Food Base Relationships In Jackson Hole, Wyoming, John L. Weaver

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

I measured three variables of coyote-food base relationships in Jackson Hole, Wyoming, during the period July, 1973, to July, 1975. Field work provided estimates of relative coyote and prey abundance as well as observations on coyote feeding behavior during winter. Laboratory analysis of 1,500 coyote scats revealed feeding patterns while feeding trials with captive coyotes allowed refinement in interpretation of scat analysis.

Deer mice and chipmunks comprised most of the rodent biomass captured in traps in the fall, while ground squirrels accounted for much of the rodent biomass in the spring. Field voles declined from 1973 to 1974 throughout much …

Biological Manipulation Of Blackbrush (Coleogyne Ramosissima Torr.) By Browsing With Goats, Frederick D. Provenza

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of this study was to provide data on responses of Angora goats and blackbrush (Coleogyne ramosissima) to a biological manipulation program. Blackbrush utilization levels averaged 30, 16, and 6 percent (545, 367, and 147 kg per hectare) for the heavily, moderately, and lightly browsed pastures, respectively; removal rates of 77, 38, and 19 percent (1164, 582, and 291 kg per hectare) were projected.

Statistically significant differences in body weight loss (P=0.052) were noted for goats browsing in different replications. Goats lost an average of 14 and 19 percent of body weight in replications one and two, …

Phosphorus Availability As Indicated By Alfalfa Response To Applied Phosphorus On Soils With Low Soil-Test Values, Ibrahim Odeh Ghawi

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

A field experiment was conducted at two locations in Utah, one at Erda in Tooele County and the other at Minersville in Beaver County. Each experiment was designed as a randomized block design with five treatments and four replication s for each treatment. The test crop was alfalfa. Three cuttings were taken from each location to estimate the yield. Soil samples from the first 12 inches and subsoil samples from 12-24 inches were taken to determine the available NaHCO₃-P in the soils. Plant samples were taken to determine the P content of the crop. The results showed that …

The Self-Recording Of Weight And Bites In The Treatment Of Obesity, Cris Quayle

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The effects of self-recording bites and weight on subsequent weight was assessed utilizing a single-subject design. Subjects were exposed to a similar sequence of conditions which included: (1) weekly weigh-ins, (2) self-recording daily weights, (3) a control for observation, (4) self-recording bites, and finally (5) a reversal condition in which subjects stopped recording bites but continued recording weights and meeting for weekly weigh-ins. No significant weight reductions occurred in conjunction with weekly weigh-ins, self-recording daily weights, or the control for observation. Five of the six subjects lost more than 2 pounds while recording bites along with monitoring daily weights and …

Effect Of Drilling Fluid Components And Mixtures On Plants And Soils, Parvin Pesaran (Djavan)

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The concern about the environment has required that the effects of drilling fluids (muds) on surrounding areas be known. This study was initiated to investigate the effects of various muds on plant growth and on soils.

In preliminary studies in Phase I (31 individual mud components), it was concluded that the obvious dominant effects on plant growth of detrimental drilling fluid components included excess soluble salts, excess exchangeable sodium percentage, possibly a high pH in some mixtures, and undesirable physical conditions. The latter resulted from the sodium and/or starch, gums, and bentonite.

Phase II, the second year's study of the …

The Consequences Of Rapid Population Growth On Nigeria's Economic Development: A Simple Econometric Analysis, Richard A. Eniang

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of this study was to examine the economic implications of a rapid population growth on Nigeria's economic development. It was particularly interesting to study the relationship, because at the present Nigeria is making some economic progress while undergoing a demographic transition. Apparently, despite the acceptable growth of the national income, the growth of the per capita output has not been encouraging. This output growth must have been hampered by the rather rapid population growth in Nigeria.

The neoclassical growth theory was basically employed to explain the growth of output in the economy in terms of both capital and …

Desert Bighorn Sheep In Canyonlands National Park, H. Clay Dean

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The ecology of bighorn sheep in Canyonlands National Park, Utah was investigated between July 1974 and December 1975. Primary objectives of this study were: (1) to determine the distribution and abundance of bighorn sheep in the Park; (2) to examine the effects of human encroachment, and (3) to determine key habitat factors in relation to bighorn sheep movements. Data were collected by ground and aerial surveys.

There were between 60 and 100 bighorn sheep in the Island in the Sky District and between 20 and 30 in the Needles District. Bighorn sheep distribution was closely related to the history of …