Digital Commons Network^™

Mitochondrial Biogenesis Is Dysregulated In Thyroid Hormone Depleted Muscle Cells Despite Stimulatory Effects Of Formoterol, Emily L. Zumbro, Gena D. Guerin, Ryan A. Gordon, Chase M. White, Dreanna M. Mcadams, Matthew L. Sokoloski, David L. Nichols Ph.D., Facsm, Anthony A. Duplanty

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Skeletal muscle (SKM) is an important regulator of metabolism and adaptations from exercise training influences mitochondrial function. Thyroid hormone (TH) is a regulator of SKM processes, including mitochondrial biogenesis. PURPOSE: To use an in vitro model of hypothyroidism to test the hypothesis that SKM cells will have dysregulated mitochondrial homeostasis. Additionally, the exercise mimetic, formoterol, was used to determine the effects of exercise signaling on mitochondrial biogenesis. METHODS: Human SKM myoblasts (n = 6 per group) were cultured and differentiated until mature myotube formation (Day 6). Groups included control cells (CON), TH depleted cells (ThD), and TH depleted …

Myogenic Regulatory Factor Expression Is Downregulated Following Formoterol Stimulation In Thyroid Hormone Depleted Skeletal Muscle, Ryan A. Gordon, Gena D. Guerin, Emily L. Zumbro, Chase M. White, Dreanna M. Mcadams, Matthew L. Sokoloski, David L. Nichols, Anthony A. Duplanty

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

In skeletal muscle (SKM), gene expression of transcription factors regulating myogenesis are dependent on Thyroid Hormone (TH) signal transduction. Expression of myogenic regulatory factors may be altered due to dysregulated TH metabolism, which may result in SKM dysfunction and intolerance to exercise in individuals with hypothyroidism. PURPOSE: Implement an in vitro model of hypothyroidism in SKM and determine the response of myogenic regulatory factor expression during several stages of myogenesis following TH depletion. Formoterol, an exercise mimetic, was also used to examine the effects of exercise signaling on myogenesis in TH depleted cells. METHODS: Human SKM myoblasts (n …

Evaluation Of Fat-Free Mass Characteristics At Different Adiposity Levels: Impact Of Weight Status Stratification Method, Samantha V. Narvaez, Cherilyn N. Mclester, John R. Mclester, Kyung-Shin Park, Brett Nickerson

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The method used to stratify weight status when evaluating fat-free mass (FFM) characteristics has primarily been based upon body mass index (BMI) and not body fat percent (BF%). As a result, it is unknown whether deviations in FFM characteristics are similar when stratifying weight status based upon BMI or BF%. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate FFM characteristics at different adiposity levels when stratifying weight status via BMI and BF%. Methods: 150 adults (50% males) participated in this study. 3-compartment (3C) model body composition was based upon body density (D_b) via air displacement plethysmography (ADP) …

Effects Of A 4-Week Vibration-Induced Hamstrings Fatigue Intervention On Quadriceps Weakness After Acl Reconstruction, Timothy W. Lowe, Lisa Griffin, Robert W. Dennis, Arturo A. Arce-Esquivel, Xuanliang Neil Dong

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Arthrogenic muscle inhibition (AMI) results from an inability to voluntarily activate all motor units in the quadriceps due to ongoing neuronal inhibition. This may be due to changes in small diameter afferent activity that increase the excitability of the flexor withdrawal pathway, causing over-excitation of the hamstrings and reciprocal inhibition of the quadriceps. Reciprocal inhibition of the quadriceps from Ia afferents of the hamstrings may be reduced with prolonged muscle vibration of the hamstrings via fatigue of the intrafusal muscle fibers. PURPOSE: To determine the effects of vibration-induced hamstring fatigue on AMI after ACL reconstruction (ACLr). METHODS: Seven adults …

Music-Associated Head Banging And Neuromusculoskeletal Injuries To The Neck: A Narrative Review, James B. Meiling

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Rock musicians and enthusiasts have both been known to participate in the common expressive practice of “head banging,” extreme beat-directed rhythmic motions of the head and neck, of which few harmful consequences have been published. PURPOSE: This narrative review will summarize all of the peer-reviewed published studies regarding music-associated head banging and neuromusculoskeletal injuries to the neck. METHODS: A review was performed of PUBMED, using the keywords: (head banging) AND (music OR rock OR heavy metal OR concerts). Studies were included if they related to music-associated head banging and neuromusculoskeletal injuries to the neck. Studies related to head …

Association Between Single-Leg Agility And Single-Leg Vertical Jumping Performance In Active Adults, Martin S. Dietze-Hermosa, Samuel Montalvo, Nicholas R. Cubillos, Alondra Rodriguez, Matthew P. Gonzalez, Sergio Rodriguez, Sandor Dorgo

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The vertical jump is crucial in sports and indicates lower body explosiveness. Additionally, vertical jumping requires landing bilaterally or unilaterally. PURPOSE: To determine any differences in unilateral vertical jump performance when landing unilaterally or bilaterally. METHODS: Thirty recreationally trained individuals (age = 23.5 ± 2.2 years) performed three trials of vertical jumps under four different conditions in random order (unilateral-left vertical jump with bilateral landing, unilateral-right vertical jump with bilateral landing, unilateral-left vertical jump with ipsilateral landing, and unilateral-right vertical jump with ipsilateral landing). Kinetic data (peak force, relative peak force, peak power, and relative peak power) was …

Effects Of Pre- Exercise Massage On Muscle Soreness, Alexandria Deininger, Hannah Sandmann, Valeria Romo, John D. Smith

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Muscle soreness is common after intense exercise and alternative therapies are always being investigated. Some have indicated possible benefits of massage therapy but this needs to be explored further. Purpose: To determine if a pre-workout massage will help reduce muscle soreness. Methods: Twenty participants (age=30.3±6.3 yrs, ht.=167.6±11.4 cm, wt.=82.5±15.5 kg) were provided five minutes of massage on the right anterior leg and five minutes of massage on the right posterior leg. After completion of the massage, participants performed two sets of squats to a chair, first with an 8lb weight (males) or a 5 lb weight (females) to …

Effects Of Dry Cupping On Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness And Flexibility Of The Gastrocnemius Muscle, Amy D. Morrison, Myra L. Villarreal, John D. Smith

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Limited range of motion and muscle soreness effect many people throughout their lifetime and finding relief can elevate quality of life. For decades, many claim that dry cupping therapy provides relief to soreness, tight muscles, pain, inflammation, flexibility, and helps with relaxation and performance. PURPOSE: To analyze the effects of dry cupping on delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) and range of motion (ROM) of the gastrocnemius muscle. METHODS: Sixteen males and 16 females (age=29±9.8 yrs, ht=68.5±4.1 in, wt=166.2±35.2 lbs) were randomly assigned to three groups: A (no exercise), B (bilateral heel raises to exhaustion), and C (right unilateral …

The Effects Of Adhering To Acsm Physical Activity Guidelines On Female University Employees, Courtnie R. Moodie, Alexander Bassam Anderson, Quinn Astrachan, Zacharias Papadakis

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Despite the well-established benefits of regular physical activity (PA), 50.9% of Americans do not meet the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) guidelines for cardiorespiratory, resistance, and flexibility exercise. Physical inactivity, low cardiovascular fitness (CVF), obesity and body fat percentage (BF%) are risk factors for increased cardiometabolic morbidity and mortality. Universities, despite the increased educational awareness, create sedentary environments that do not promote PA, thus jeopardizing their employees’ health. PURPOSE: To educate university employees about the health-related benefits of PA and the time frame is needed to start seeing changes by meeting the minimum of the ACSM PA guidelines. …

Validation Of Various Load-Velocity Relationships For Estimation Of Bench Press 1-Repetition Maximum, Noel F. Medrano, Kyung-Shin Park, Brett S. Nickerson

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Estimating 1-repetition maximum (1RM) by measuring mean concentric velocity (MCV)is an indirect method that has gained popularity in the field of strength and conditioning. It has previously been recommended that 4 – 6 loads ranging from 30 – 85% 1RM be used when estimating 1RM via MCV. Nonetheless, the validity of fewer loads at varying intensities is an area in need of further investigating. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to validate various load-velocity relationships to predict bench press 1RM values. Methods: 20 resistance-trained individuals (50% males) participated in this study. Warm-up sets consisted of subjects bench pressing loads …

Evaluation Of Repetitions-To-Failure Equations In The Presence Of Male And Female Spotters, Clarissa M. Guerrero, Kyung-Shin Park, Brett S. Nickerson

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

One-repetition maximum (1RM) is commonly evaluated in strength and conditioning programs in order to monitor the progress of exercise prescriptions. Although the benefits of muscular strength are well-known, conducting 1RM protocols can be time consuming and is not recommended for certain populations. Alternatively, the estimation of 1RM can be completed by utilizing a repetitions-to-failure (RTF) approach. However, one area that has yet to be systematically evaluated is whether the accuracy of RTF prediction equations is influenced by the sex of a spotter during a 1RM testing protocol. Purpose: The purpose of this study was two-fold: 1) to determine whether differences …

Development Of A Dxa-Derived Body Volume Equation In Hispanic Adults For Administering In A 4-Compartment Model, Gabriel L. Perez, Kyung-Shin Park, Brett S. Nickerson

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The necessity of using underwater weighing (UWW) or air displacement plethysmography (ADP) for body volume (BV) restricts the use of a four-compartment (4C) model to research settings. As a result, dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) has been proposed as an alternative, which would be useful for clinical settings. Nonetheless, it is unknown whether DXA-derived BV is valid in a 4C model for Hispanics. PURPOSE: The purpose of the current study was two-fold: 1) to develop a new DXA-derived BV equation with the GE-Lunar Prodigy while utilizing UWW as a criterion and 2) cross-validate 4C models when utilizing the new DXA-derived …

Bias Varies For Bioimpedance Analysis And Skinfold Technique When Stratifying Collegiate Male Athletes Fat-Free Mass Hydration Levels, Misael Duque, Ronald Snarr Jr., Greg A. Ryan, Kyung-Shin Park, Brett S. Nickerson

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and skinfold (SF) techniques are commonly used to estimate body composition in athletic settings. Both methods are based upon a 2-compartment (2C) model approach, which assumes the hydration of fat-free mass (FFM) is constant (73.80%). Deviations from assumed constants such as FFM hydration have previously been observed in athletes. However, the magnitude of error associated with deviations in FFM hydration are scarce. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of BIA- and SF-based body fat percentage (BF%) estimates in collegiate athletes when stratifying FFM hydration levels. METHODS: FFM hydration levels for the …

Motions Like Sleep In Robert Penn Warren’S “Lullaby”, Cameron Fontes

Robert Penn Warren Essay Contest

No abstract provided.

Meeting Minutes, Wku Graduate Council

Graduate School

Meeting minutes

February Agenda, Wku Graduate Council

Graduate School

Meeting agenda.

Delong, John Berkley "Jack," 1894-1981 (Sc 3508), Manuscripts & Folklife Archives

Manuscript Collection Finding Aids

Finding aid only for Manuscript Small Collection 3508. Letters written by John B. DeLong, Kentucky, to his wife Katherine, Alabama and Kentucky. In these sentimental letters John discusses searching for a job. He also includes details about daily life such as meals and his health. He relays how much he misses Katherine, their home life, and their dog “Pal.” Also included is a single letter from Merit O’Neal, a Louisville attorney, expressing his regrets for being unable to provide tickets to the Kentucky Derby.

Pre- And Post-Activity Stretching Practices Of Collegiate Soccer Coaches In The United States, Lawrence W. Judge, Jason Avedesian, David M. Bellar, Donald L. Hoover, Bruce Craig, Jason Langley, Nicholas Nordmann, Makenzie A. Schoeff, Clark D. Dickin

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 13(6): 260-272, 2020. Current pre- and post-activity stretching guidelines are designed to optimize performance and reduce injury risk. However, it is unclear whether soccer coaches adhere to these recommendations. The purpose of this study was to determine if collegiate soccer coaches’ perceptions and practices align with current scientific recommendations. A total of 781 questionnaires were electronically distributed to soccer coaches from NCAA Division I and III universities.The questionnaire obtained demographic, professional, and educational information, as well as stretching practices. Statistical analysis consisted of computing frequency counts and means where applicable. Pearson's Chi-square tests were performed …

The Effect Of Static Stretching, Mini-Band Warm-Ups, Medicine-Ball Warm-Ups, And A Light Jogging Warm-Up On Common Athletic Ability Tests, Bryan Christensen, Colin W. Bond, Ryan Napoli, Kelly Lopez, Jason Miller, Kyle J. Hackney

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 13(4): 298-311, 2020. Proper warm-up is important for facilitating peak athletic performance and reducing injury risk; yet, warm-up procedures vary considerably amongst coaches and athletes. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of a static stretching, medicine-ball, and mini-band warm-ups relative to a light jogging warm-up only on athletic ability test performance. It was hypothesized that static stretching would negatively affect performance, while medicine-ball and mini-band warm-ups would positively affect performance relative to light jogging only. Twelve female collegiate soccer players (19.3 ± 1.2y, 65.2 ± 7.5kg, 1.67 ± 0.07m) participated in …

The Relationship Between Physical Characteristics And Maximal Strength In Men Practicing The Back Squat, The Bench Press And The Deadlift, Pierre-Marc Ferland, Alexander C. Pollock, Ryan Swope, Mark Ryan, Michael Reeder, Kristin J. Heumann, Alain-Steve Comtois

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 13(4): 281-297, 2020. This study was designed to quantify the relationships between physical characteristics and maximal strength in the back squat, the bench press and the deadlift on powerlifters and football players.Eighteen male junior drug-tested classic powerlifters and seventeen NCAA Division II American football players’ anthropometric measurements were taken to compare them with maximal strength results from either a powerlifting meet or testing from their supervised strength and conditioning program. Pearson’s bivariate correlations analysis revealed (statistical significance was set at p

Accuracy Assessment Of A Gps Device For Maximum Sprint Speed, Kathryn Alphin, Olivia Sisson, Brynn L. Hudgins, Catherine D. Noonan, Jennifer A. Bunn

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 13(4): 273-280, 2020. Global positioning system (GPS) technology can capture maximum sprint speed (MSS) using fewer resources than electronic timing gates (ETG). Yet,errors with GPS technology are typically 1.01 km∙hr^-1for instantaneous velocity, potentially limiting GPS accuracy. The purpose of this study was to compare MSS values obtained from GPS technology to those obtained from ETG. The MSS of 24 female athletes was determined using two tests that both began with a 20-m fly-in followed by: 1) 80-m maximal sprint with ETG placed at the start line, 30 m, 60 m, and 80 …

The Acute Effect Of A Single Resistance Training Session On The Glycemic Response Among Women With Hiv/Aids, Dayane C. Souza, Pollyana M. Nunhes, Wagner J. Domingues, Kauana Marchini, Lucas F. Hey, Jairo Berti, Michele C. Trindade, Ademar Avelar

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 13(2): 319-328, 2020. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a single resistance training session on the glycemic and lipid response of women with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) treated with Antiretroviral Therapy (ART). The sample consisted of 10 female subjects who underwent one resistance training session involving different muscle groups, that is, three sets of 8-12 repetitions with an interval of 90 seconds between the sets, and 120 seconds between exercises. The loads used in each exercise corresponded to an intensity equivalent to the interval of 5-7, which …

Effect Of A Commercially Available Low-Dose Capsaicin Supplement On Knee Extensor Contractile Function, Brett Cross, Darell Parker, Sean P. Langan, Gregory J. Grosicki

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 13(2): 312-318, 2020. Capsaicin, the active pungent ingredient in chili peppers and various spicy foods, is demonstrated to influence a variety of physiological systems including skeletal muscle. The purpose of this study was to examine if a chewable capsaicin supplement (1.2 mg) could enhance isokinetic knee extensor contractile performance. Nine young, recreationally active individuals (5 females/4 males; 23.6 ± 1.5 yrs; 24.2 ± 3.3 kg/m²) participated in this randomized, single-blind crossover study. Following a familiarization session, participants completed two isokinetic knee extensor contractile function assessments, 45 minutes after ingesting either a capsaicin fruit …

Site-Specific Effects Of Swimming On Bone Density In Female Collegiate Swimmers, Margaret E. Miller, Sarah Kojetin, Lesley M. Scibora

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 13(1): 249-259, 2020. While swimming provides numerous cardiovascular and overall health benefits, past research suggests it provides no constructive benefits to bone strength and density at dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) measured hip and lumbar spine sites when compared to sedentary individuals. However, little research has focused on skeletal sites stressed by muscle forces during swimming such as the humerus, hip, and radius. The purpose of this study was to investigatesite-specific bone strength adaptations among female collegiate swimmers compared to sedentary controls. Bone geometry and strength were assessed by DXA and peripheral quantitative computed tomography …

Ua12/2/1 College Heights Herald, Vol. 95, No. 17, Wku Student Affairs

WKU Administration Documents

WKU campus newspaper reporting campus, athletic and Bowling Green, Kentucky news. This issue contains articles:

• Coyle, Cameron. Cut It Out – Athletics
• Williams, Matthew. Students Are More Concerned with Debt than Pursuing Interests
• Robinson, Andrew. Former Herald Editor Questions WKU Legitimacy as FBS Contender – Football
• Valentines from the College Heights Herald
• Bass, Morgan. Old Town Rodeo
• Lowe, Julianna. Black History – Intercultural Student Engagement Center
• Love Notes
• Gaylord, Kaden. WKU Softball Finishes Opening Weekend Above .500
• Bunton, Gabby. Entrepreneur Runs Two Businesses, On to Honor Mother – Kira Bowling
• Wells, Elliott. Poetic Camron Justice – Basketball
• Gadd, Matt. Lady …

Ua3/10/2 Wku Master Plan 2020-2030, Wku President's Office - Caboni

WKU Administration Documents

Email from WKU president Timothy Caboni to faculty & staff regarding strategic planning.

Stuver, Aaron S., 1842-1894 (Sc 3505), Manuscripts & Folklife Archives

Manuscript Collection Finding Aids

Finding aid and typescript of letter (Click on "Additional Files" below) for Manuscripts Small Collection 3505. Letter, 26 July 1863, of Aaron S. Stuver, written to his sister Emma from Cincinnati, Ohio while serving with the 115th Ohio Volunteers. He describes the defense of Cincinnati from Confederate guerrilla John Hunt Morgan during his raid through Ohio and Indiana, and the funeral of Major Daniel McCook, whose six sons also served in the Army and who was killed at the Battle of Buffington Island. Stuver remarks on the likely effects of conscription on the length of the war, and on the …

Fuqua, William G., B. 1930 (Sc 3507), Manuscripts & Folklife Archives

Manuscript Collection Finding Aids

Finding aid only for Manuscripts Small Collection 3507. “A Judge’s Retirement Reflections,” by William G. Fuqua, Judge, Logan (County, Kentucky) Circuit Court, inscribed 14 July 1995; and a letter to Fuqua, 6 September 1990, from Bowling Green, Kentucky attorney Philip Huddleston soliciting contribution of an article for the newsletter of the local bar.

Cupping Therapy Does Not Influence Healthy Adult's Hamstring Range Of Motion Compared To Control Or Sham Conditions, Matthew Schafer, Jessica C. Tom, Tedd Girouard, James W. Navalta, Catherine L. Turner, Kara N. Radzak

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 13(3): 216-224, 2020. Cupping therapy, a form of traditional Chinese medicine, has recently gained popularity as a therapeutic modality among sports medicine clinicians. While the use of cupping therapy to decrease musculoskeletal pain is supported by recent research findings, evaluations on the use of cupping therapy to influence range of motion (ROM) are limited. The purpose of the study was to identify if cupping therapy applied passively for 10 minutes increases flexibility compared to sham treatment or control conditions. Twenty-five participants with hamstring ROM less than 80° and no previous cupping therapy experience completed the …

Commercially Available Capsaicin Supplement Fails To Enhance Time-To-Exhaustion During Cycling, Sean P. Langan, Gregory J. Grosicki

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 13(2): 225-233, 2020. This study examined whether a commercially available low-dose (1.2 mg), chewable capsaicin supplement could enhance endurance cycling performance. Thirteen young (8M/5F), recreationally active individuals (age = 24.2 ± 2.9 yrs, body fat = 21.2 ± 6.1%) participated in the study. The study consisted of three visits, beginning with an initial evaluation of cardiorespiratory fitness (37.1 ± 5.5 ml/kg/min). During the second and third study visits, participants completed time-to-exhaustion (TTE) tests on a cycle ergometer at a workload eliciting ~90% VO2max, 45 minutes after ingesting either a 139 kcal capsaicin fruit gummy, or …