Digital Commons Network^™

Private Law, Fundamental Rights, And The Rule Of Law, Hugh Collins

West Virginia Law Review

No abstract provided.

A Mountain State Transformation: West Virginia's Move Into The Mainstream, Cary Silverman, Richard R. Heath Jr.

West Virginia Law Review

No abstract provided.

Realizing The Recession: Modifying Dodd-Frank With A View To The Future, David E. Chaney

West Virginia Law Review

No abstract provided.

One Rule To Compensate Them All, Noam Sher

West Virginia Law Review

The article claims that there is a unique compensation criterion that should be applied in all civil wrongs, inter alia, in tort, intellectual property and property law. Where an individual wrongfully infringes the right of another, the taker should be obliged to repay the victim her damages plus half the additional attributed net profits derived from the taking. This article names this criterion the Golden Rule. The suggested criterion contains three main components. First, for example, a firm increased manufacturing with profits of $1,000, acted wrongfully, and, as a result, someone suffered damages of $600-the taker should pay the victim …

Effects Of Light At Night On Laboratory Animals And Research Outcomes, Kathryn M. Emmer, Kathryn L. G. Russart, William H. Walker Ii, Randy J. Nelson, A. Courtney Devries

Clinical and Translational Science Institute

Light has substantial influences on the physiology and behavior of most laboratory animals. As such, lighting conditions within animal rooms are potentially significant, and often underappreciated variables within experiments. Disruption of the light/dark cycle, primarily by exposing animals to light at night (LAN), disturbs biological rhythms and has widespread physiological consequences due to mechanisms such as melatonin suppression, sympathetic stimulation, and altered circadian clock gene expression. Thus, attention to the lighting environment of laboratory animals and maintaining consistency of a light/dark cycle is imperative for study reproducibility. Light intensity as well as wavelength, photoperiod, and timing are all important variables. …

Hearing And Orally Mimicking Different Acoustic-Semantic Categories Of Natural Sound Engage Distinct Left Hemisphere Cortical Regions, James W. Lewis, Magenta J. Silberman, Jeremy J. Donai, Chris A. Frum, Julie A. Brefczynski-Lewis

Clinical and Translational Science Institute

Oral mimicry is thought to represent an essential process for the neurodevelopment of spoken language systems in infants, the evolution of language in hominins, and a process that could possibly aid recovery in stroke patients. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we previously reported a divergence of auditory cortical pathways mediating perception of specific categories of natural sounds. However, it remained unclear if or how this fundamental sensory organization by the brain might relate to motor output, such as sound mimicry. Here, using fMRI, we revealed a dissociation of activated brain regions preferential for hearing with the intent to imitate …

Clopidogrel And Aspirin In Acute Ischemic Stroke And High-Risk Tia., S. Claiborne Johnston, J. Donald Easton, Mary Farrant, William Barsan, Robin A. Conwit, Jordan J. Elm, Anthony S. Kim, Anne S. Lindbald, Yuko Y. Palesch

Clinical and Translational Science Institute

BACKGROUND—Combination antiplatelet therapy with clopidogrel and aspirin may reduce the rate of recurrent stroke during the first 3 months after a minor ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA). A trial of combination antiplatelet therapy in a Chinese population has shown a reduction in the risk of recurrent stroke. We tested this combination in an international population. METHODS—In a randomized trial, we assigned patients with minor ischemic stroke or high-risk TIA to receive either clopidogrel at a loading dose of 600 mg on day 1, followed by 75 mg per day, plus aspirin (at a dose of 50 to 325 …

Union Improvisation: The Parent Of Social Justice, Anne M. Lofaso

Law Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Coal Production In West Virginia, Brian Lego, John Deskins

Bureau of Business & Economic Research

No abstract provided.

The Expression Of Mirc1/Mir17-92 Cluster In Sputum Samples Correlates With Pulmonary Exacerbations In Cystic Fibrosis Patients, Kathrin Krause, Benjamin T. Kopp, Mia F. Tazi, Kyle Caution, Kaitlin Hamilton, Asmaa Badr, Chandra Shrestha, Dmitry Tumin, Don Hayes Jr, Frank Robledo-Avila, Luanne Hall-Stoodley, Brett G. Klamer, Xiaoli Zhang, Santiago Partida-Sanchez, Narasimham L. Parinandi, Stephen E. Kirkby, Duaa Dakhlallah, Karen S. Mccoy, Estelle Cormet-Boyaka, Amal O. Amer

Clinical and Translational Science Institute

Introduction—Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a multi-organ disorder characterized by chronic sinopulmonary infections and inflammation. Many patients with CF suffer from repeated pulmonary exacerbations that are predictors of worsened long-term morbidity and mortality. There are no reliable markers that associate with the onset or progression of an exacerbation or pulmonary deterioration. Previously, we found that the Mirc1/Mir17–92a cluster which is comprised of 6 microRNAs (Mirs) is highly expressed in CF mice and negatively regulates autophagy which in turn improves CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) function. Therefore, here we sought to examine the expression of individual Mirs within the Mirc1/Mir17–92 cluster in …

Glioblastoma Survival Outcomes At A Tertiary Hospital In Appalachia: Factors Impacting The Survival Of Patients Following Implementation Of The Stupp Protocol, Ogaga Urhie, Ryan Turner, Brandon Lucke-Wold, Walid Radwan, Janice Ahn, Kymberly Gyure, Sanjay Bhatia

Clinical and Translational Science Institute

Glioblastoma is a fatal brain cancer with low median and yearly survival rates. The standard of care for treating glioblastoma is gross total resection (GTR) coupled with the Stupp protocol, but various factors influence the interventions undertaken and survival achieved. As health disparities exist in rural areas, survival in these areas need to be assessed in order to understand which factors detract from the successes of these standard medical interventions. We retrospectively determined the impact of age of diagnosis, number of lesions, the molecular marker O6-methylguanine methyltransferase (MGMT), extent of surgery, and completion of the Stupp protocol on survival among …

Effects Of Cytochrome P450 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms On Methadone Metabolism And Pharmacodynamics, Taha Ahmad, Monica A. Valentovic, Gary O. Rankin

Clinical and Translational Science Institute

Methadone is a synthetic, long-acting opioid with a single chiral center forming two enantiomers, (R)-methadone and (S)-methadone, each having specific pharmacological actions. Concentrations of (R)- and (S)-methadone above therapeutic levels have the ability to cause serious, life-threatening, and fatal side effects. This toxicity can be due in part to the pharmacogenetics of an individual, which influences the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of the drug. Methadone is primarily metabolized in the liver by cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes, predominately by CYP2B6, followed by CYP3A4, 2C19, 2D6, and to a lesser extent, CYP2C18, 3A7, 2C8, 2C9, 3A5, and 1A2. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) …

Three New Metrics For Patent Examiner Activity: Office Actions Per Grant Ratio (Ogr), Office Actions Per Disposal Ratio (Odr), And Grant To Examiner Ratio (Ger), Shine Tu

Law Faculty Scholarship

The current metric for examiner prosecution activity is allowance rate, which is calculated by dividing the total number of allowances by the sum of the allowances and abandonments (allowance rate = total allowance/(total allowances total abandonments)). Importantly, however, allowance rates do not consider an examiner’s pending docket. Specifically, allowance rates do not fully capture if the examiner is simply writing office actions thereby prolonging prosecution or allowing cases. This study rectifies this failure by creating and analyzing a dataset that captures every active examiner’s current docket. Calculating the Office Action per Grant Ratio (OGR = Total # of Office Actions/Total …

What Do We Value In Academic Ownership?, Ian Harmon

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Implicit Regional Economic Goals And Objectives: A Study Of U.S. Development Programs, Peter V. Schaeffer, Randall Jackson, Eric Bowen

Regional Research Institute Working Papers

At the present time, U.S. regional economic development policies tend to be focused on sectors, infrastructure, human capital, innovation capability, or to be problem oriented, and only a few programs can be described as being place-based. In this paper, we are looking at major federal regional development programs to deduce their combined implicit place-based goals and objectives. Because the U.S. seems to be relatively unique among OECD countries in its scant use of place-based policies, we compare the United States to, in particular, Canada to gain further insights into the reasons for and potential effects of such policy differences.

Structure And Properties Of Dota-Chelated Radiopharmaceuticals Within The 225ac Decay Pathway, Artem R. Khabibullin, Aleksandra Karolak, Mikalai M. Budzevich, Mark L. Mclaughlin, David L. Morse, Lilia M. Woods

Clinical and Translational Science Institute

The successful delivery of toxic cargo directly to tumor cells is of primary importance in targeted (α) particle therapy. Complexes of radioactive atoms with the 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid (DOTA) chelating agent are considered as effective materials for such delivery processes. The DOTA chelator displays high affinity to radioactive metal isotopes and retains this capability after conjugation to tumor targeting moieties. Although the α-decay chains are well defined for many isotopes, the stability of chelations during the decay process and the impact of released energy on their structures remain unknown. The radioactive isotope 225Ac is an α-particle emitter that can be easily …

Indications For Use Of Combination Acetaminophen/Opioid Drugs In Infants <6 Months Old, William T. Basco Jr, James R. Roberts, Myla Ebeling, Sandra S. Garner, Thomas C. Hulsey, Kit Simpson

Clinical and Translational Science Institute

Opioid analgesics are potentially hazardous medications in young children. During the past 5 years, much attention has been drawn to the safety concerns of these medications.1–6 Data evaluating pain control after injury among older children suggest that opioid drugs are not more effective than nonopioids in treating pain secondary to acute traumatic injury.7,8 Postsurgical data evaluating children who underwent palatoplasty demonstrated that children treated with nonopioid pain regimens did as well as subjects treated with morphine.9 More concerning, opioid analgesics have been consistently demonstrated to be among the most common drugs involved in accidental ingestions prompting emergency department visits and …

Effects Of The Weight Configuration Of Hand Load On Trunk Musculature During Static Weight Holding, Saman Madinei, Xiaopeng Ning

Clinical and Translational Science Institute

The performance of manual material handling tasks is one major cause of lower back injuries. In the current study, we investigated the influence of the weight configuration of hand loads on trunk muscle activities and the associated spinal stability. Thirteen volunteers each performed static weight-holding tasks using two different 9 kg weight bars (with medial and lateral weight configurations) at two levels of height (low and high) and one fixed horizontal distance (which resulted in constant spinal joint moment across conditions). Results of the current study demonstrated that holding the laterally distributed load significantly reduced activation levels of lumbar and …

Video Intervention To Increase Perceived Self-Efficacy For Condom Use In A Randomized Controlled Trial Of Female Adolescents, Julie S. Downs, Amie M. Ashcraft, Pamela J. Murray, Elise D. Berlan, Wändi Bruine De Bruin, Joan Eichner, Baruch Fischhoff, Janie M. Leary, Robert B. Mccall, Elizabeth Miller, Jennifer Salaway, Janell Smith-Jones, Gina S. Sucato

Clinical and Translational Science Institute

Study Objective—To assess the effects of the Seventeen Days interactive video on young women’s perceived self-efficacy for using condoms 6 months after being offered the intervention, relative to a control. Design—Multisite randomized controlled trial. Setting—Twenty participating health clinics and county health departments in Ohio, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia. Participants—Sexually active female adolescents ages 14 to 19 years. Interventions—Seventeen Days (treatment intervention; sex education) vs Driving Skills for Life (control intervention; driving education). Main Outcome Measures—Perceived self-efficacy for condom use. Results—Participants in the Seventeen Days group reported higher perceived condom acquisition self-efficacy after 6 months than those in the driving group. …

Late Adulthood Mortality Among African-American And White American People With Type 1 Diabetes According To Age At Diabetes Diagnosis, B. N. Conway, M. F. Lopes-Virella, W. J. Blot

Clinical and Translational Science Institute

Aims—To estimate the overall and cause-specific mortality in a population of African-Americans and white Americans with a low socio-economic status who had young-onset insulin-treated diabetes and had survived beyond the age of 40 years, and to examine whether any excess risk varied according to age at diabetes onset. Methods—Using the Southern Community Cohort Study, we conducted a mortality follow-up of a cohort of mostly low-income participants aged 40–79 years (mean 50 years) at cohort entry with insulin-treated diabetes diagnosed before age 30 years (n=475) and without diabetes (n=62 266). Childhood onset was defined as diabetes diagnosed before age 20 years …

Cardiovascular Mortality Of Oral Antidiabetic Drugs Approved Before And After The 2008 Us Fda Guidance For Industry: A Systemic Review And Meta-Analysis, Rashmi Goyat, Pragya Rai, Jongwha Chang, Charles D. Ponte, Xi Tan

Clinical and Translational Science Institute

Background—Both diabetes and antidiabetic drugs (ADDs) increase the risk for cardiovascular (CV) diseases. Due to the increasing concern about CV safety associated with ADDs, the US FDA revised regulatory guidelines in 2008 to include CV safety as an endpoint. Objective—The objective of the current study was to conduct a systematic review with metaanalysis to compare CV mortality of oral ADDs approved before and after the FDA’s 2008 guidance. Methods—Three electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, and the Clinical Trial Registry) were searched to retrieve studies published up to 24 February 2017. Randomized clinical trials were included in this study if they (1) …

Propranolol Produces Short-Term Facilitation Of Extinction In A Rabbit Model Of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, Lauren B. Burhans, Carrie A. Smith-Bell, Bernard G. Schreurs

Clinical and Translational Science Institute

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a learning-based anxiety disorder with significant public health challenges due to difficulties in treating the complex, multiple symptomology. We have developed an animal model of PTSD, based on Pavlovian eyeblink conditioning in rabbits, that addresses two key features: conditioned responses (CRs) to cues associated with an aversive event and a form of conditioned hyperarousal referred to as conditioning-specific reflex modification (CRM). We have found previously that unpaired extinction is ideal for reducing both CRs and CRM simultaneously and shows sensitivity to systemic serotonergic and glutamatergic manipulations. The following study aimed to extend our work to …

Integrated Models Of Care For Individuals With Opioid Use Disorder: How Do We Prevent Hiv And Hcv?, Katherine M. Rich, Joshua Bia, Frederick L. Altice, Judith Feinberg

Clinical and Translational Science Institute

Purpose of Review To describe models of integrated and co-located care for opioid use disorder (OUD), hepatitis C (HCV), and HIV. Recent Findings The design and scale-up of multidisciplinary care models that engage, retain, and treat individuals with HIV, HCV, and OUD are critical to preventing continued spread of HIV and HCV. We identified 17 models within primary care (N = 3), HIV specialty care (N = 5), opioid treatment programs (N = 6), transitional clinics (N = 2), and community-based harm reduction programs (N = 1), as well as two emerging models. Summary Key components of such models are …

Receipt Of Guideline-Concordant Care Among Older Women With Stage I-Iii Breast Cancer: A Population-Based Study, Traci Lemasters, S. Suresh Madhavan, Usha Sambamoorthi, Hannah W. Hazard-Jenkins, Kimberly M. Kelly, Dustin Long

Clinical and Translational Science Institute

Background: This study examined receipt of guideline-concordant care (GCC) according to evidence-based treatment guidelines and quality measures and specific types of treatment among older women with breast cancer. Patients and Methods: A total of 142,433 patients aged ≥66 years diagnosed with stage I–III breast cancer between 2007 and 2011 were identified in the SEER-Medicare linked database. Algorithms considering cancer characteristics and the appropriate course of care as per guidelines versus actual care received determined receipt of GCC. Multivariable logistic regression estimated the likelihood of GCC and specific types of treatment for women aged ≥75 versus 66 to 74 years. Results: …

Project Foresight Annual Report, 2016-2017, Paul J. Speaker

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Project FORESIGHT is a business-guided self-evaluation of forensic science laboratories across the globe. The participating laboratories represent local, regional, state, and national agencies. Economics, accounting, finance, and forensic faculty provide assistance, guidance, and analysis. Laboratories participating in Project FORESIGHT have developed standardized definitions for metrics to evaluate work processes, linking financial information to work tasks, and functions. Laboratory managers can then assess resource allocations, efficiencies, and value of services—the mission of Project FORESIGHT is to measure, preserve what works, and change what does not.

The benchmark data for the 2016-2017 performance period includes laboratory submissions for a variety of fiscal …

A Combined Positron Emission Tomography (Pet)-Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Imaging (Epri) System: Initial Evaluation Of A Prototype Scanner, Mark Tseytlin, Alexander V. Stolin, Priyaankadevi Guggilapu, Andrey A. Bobko, Valery V. Khramtsov, Oxana Tseytlin, Raymond R. Raylman

Clinical and Translational Science Institute

The advent of hybrid scanners, combining complementary modalities, has revolutionized the application of advanced imaging technology to clinical practice and biomedical research. In this project, we investigated the melding of two complementary, functional imaging methods: positron emission tomography (PET) and electron paramagnetic resonance imaging (EPRI). PET radiotracers can provide important information about cellular parameters, such as glucose metabolism. While EPR probes can provide assessment of tissue microenvironment, measuring oxygenation and pH, for example. Therefore, a combined PET/EPRI scanner promises to provide new insights not attainable with current imagers by simultaneous acquisition of multiple components of tissue microenvironments. To explore the …

K2 And K2*: Efficient Alignment-Free Sequence Similarity Measurement Based On Kendall Statistics, Jie Lin, Donald A. Adjeroh, Bing-Hua Jiang, Yue Jiang

Clinical and Translational Science Institute

Motivation: Alignment-free sequence comparison methods can compute the pairwise similarity between a huge number of sequences much faster than sequence-alignment based methods. Results: We propose a new non-parametric alignment-free sequence comparison method, called K2, based on the Kendall statistics. Comparing to the other state-of-the-art alignment-free comparison methods, K2 demonstrates competitive performance in generating the phylogenetic tree, in evaluating functionally related regulatory sequences, and in computing the edit distance (similarity/dissimilarity) between sequences. Furthermore, the K2 approach is much faster than the other methods. An improved method, K 2 , is also proposed, which is able to determine the appropriate algorithmic parameter …

General Chemistry Student Attitudes And Success With Use Of Online Homework: Traditional- Responsive Versus Adaptive-Responsive, Michelle Richards-Babb, Reagan Curtis, Betsy Ratcliff, Abhik Roy, Taylor Mikalik

Clinical and Translational Science Institute

We investigated whether use of an adaptive-responsive online homework system (OHS) that tailors homework to students’ prior knowledge and periodically reassesses students to promote learning through practice retrieval has inherent advantages over traditional-responsive online homework. A quasi-experimental cohort control post-test-only design with nonequivalent groups and propensity scores with nearest neighbor matching (n = 6,114 pairs) was used. The adaptive system was found to increase the odds of a higher final letter grade for average, below average, and failing students. However, despite the learning advantages, students self-reported less favorable attitudes toward adaptive-responsive (3.15 of 5) relative to traditional-responsive OHS (3.31). Specific …

Ssaw: A New Sequence Similarity Analysis Method Based On The Stationary Discrete Wavelet Transform, Jie Lin, Jing Wei, Donald Adjeroh, Bing-Hua Jiang, Yue Jiang

Clinical and Translational Science Institute

Background: Alignment-free sequence similarity analysis methods often lead to significant savings in computational time over alignment-based counterparts. Results: A new alignment-free sequence similarity analysis method, called SSAW is proposed. SSAW stands for Sequence Similarity Analysis using the Stationary Discrete Wavelet Transform (SDWT). It extracts k-mers from a sequence, then maps each k-mer to a complex number field. Then, the series of complex numbers formed are transformed into feature vectors using the stationary discrete wavelet transform. After these steps, the original sequence is turned into a feature vector with numeric values, which can then be used for clustering and/or classification. Conclusions: …

Direct Medical Expenditures Associated With Alzheimer's And Related Dementias (Adrd) In A Nationally Representative Sample Of Older Adults - An Excess Cost Approach, Arijita Deb, Usha Sambamoorthi, James Douglas Thornton, Bernard Schreurs, Kim Innes

Clinical and Translational Science Institute

Objective—To estimate the excess direct annual healthcare expenditures associated with Alzheimer's and related dementias(ADRD) among community-dwelling older adults in the United States. Methods—This retrospective cross-sectional study compared the annual healthcare expenditures between elderly individuals aged 65 years and older with ADRD (n = 662) and without ADRD (n = 13,398) using data from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) for the years 2007, 2009, 2011 and 2013. Adjusted total annual medical expenditures was estimated using generalized linear model with gamma distribution and log link in 2013 U.S. dollars. Adjusted inpatient, outpatient, emergency, home healthcare and prescription drug expenditures, were estimated …