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The Development Of S+ And S- Rules In Matching-To-Sample By Pigeons Through Prior Autoshaping, Mark S. Innocenti

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of this study was to develop behavior by the pigeon illustrative of S+ and S- rules and to examine if behavior consistent with a concept rule interpretation developed. In order to examine this possibility six groups of pigeons (N=31) were provided different histories of autoshaping. Histories involved the identity of the color of the lighted center key and one side key of three horizontally mounted pigeon keys. Center key onset was followed three seconds later by onset of either outer key. Outer key onset was followed six seconds later by food presentation (explicitly paired) or 45 seconds later, …

Applying The Concept Of Feeding Stations To The Behavior Of Cattle Grazing Variable Amounts Of Available Forage, Enrique R. Flores

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

A quantitative description of the foraging process is necessary for effective planning and execution of intensive grazing schemes. Foraging behavior is defined as having two components: feeding and moving. At intervals the foraging animal walks a number of steps searching for food and then pauses to feed at a new position here termed a feeding station. Five behavioral variables were analyzed under this framework: 1) time spent at a feed ing station; 2) number of bites at a feeding station; 3) steps taken between stations; 4) rate of steps; and 5) foraging time. The experimental design consisted of grazing small …

An Extension Teaching Demonstration Using Broiler Chicks As A Model, Joseph B. Ishaya

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This test demonstration was intended to develop a modern management program to improve broiler production in Nigeria through extension teaching methodology. The management programs included animal health, nutrition, and general care.

Some of the factors that limit broiler production in Nigeria are associated with the management strategy presently adopted by Nigerian subsistence farmers.

This report considers the effect of different protein sources on broiler nutrition and the techniques necessary to get the farmers to practice the result of up-to-date research findings.

The extension teaching demonstration reported here is based on 60 day-old chicks. Chicks were randomly assigned to two pens, …

A Dynamic Optimization Model Of Energy Related Economic Planning And Development For The Navajo Nation, Hamid Beladi

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The Navajo reservation located in portions of Arizona, New Mexico and Utah is rich in low sulfur coal deposits, ideal for strip mining operation. Presently, the Navajo Nation has entered into extensive coal leases with several large companies and utilities. Contracts have committed huge quantities of Navajo coal for mining.

The present research has been directed to evaluate the shadow prices of Navajo coal and identify optimal coal extraction. An economic model of coal resource extraction over time has been structured within an optimal control problem has been formulated as a discrete dynamic optimization problem.

A comparison of the shadow …

Factors Related To The Migration Preferences Of Utah's 1980 High School Seniors, A. John Lacognata

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This study examines the personal migration preferences of Utah high school seniors in 1980 and their relationship to perceived parental preferences, family status, length of residence, religion, sex, and type of residence. A focal area of the thesis is an examination of the consistency between personal preferences and preferences of parents as perceived by the youth. The primary data used for this study came from a sample survey of 1980 high school seniors who were selected using a stratified sampling technique. Cross-tabulations were used with chi square to test for significance of association.

The results of this study suggest that …

Effects Of Physical And Emotional Stress, Catecholamines And Naloxone On Hdl And Ldl Cholesterol Levels In Rats And Man, Andrew G. Goliszek

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

A series of investigations were undertaken to determine whether physical or emotional stress, catecholamines or naloxone (B-endorphon blocker) would increase serum total cholesterol and LDL and HDL levels. Physical stress given daily over a period of time caused a steady increase in serum total cholesterol and LDL without a significantly altering high density lipoproteins (HDL) or serum triglycerides. Daily injections of epinerphrine in oil caused an increase in both serum total cholesterol and LDL levels while daily injections of norepinephrine did not. Reversal of the treatments caused a reversed response in both groups of rats. Similar increases in both total …

The Effects Of Fluoride On Isolated Corn Mitochondria: Membrane Properties And Oxidative Phosphorilation, James C. Pushnik

Biology

The exposure of isolated plant mitochondria to solutions containing soluble fluorides results in abnormal physiologic activities. These aberrations include an increase of mitochondrial respiratory rates and decreases of the ADP/0 ratios. The changes of respiratory activity are an expression of a fluoride-induced chemiosmotic uncoupling of respiration and an inhibition of mitochondrial localized ATPase activity. The fluoride ion might be accumulating in the mitochondria via a nonionic diffusion gradient since no fluoride-induced mitochondrial membrane disruption could be detected.

Murine Rotavirus Infection: Characterization Of The Disease And Influence Of Host Malnutrition And Dietary Protein, Roger Lee Noble

Biology

A possible correlation between malnutrition and the increased incidence and severity of rotavirus-associated gastroenteritis in human infants was investigated using a mouse model originally described by others, but which was further defined and characterized as . a part of these studies. Two- or three-day-old specific-pathogen free Swiss Webster mice were orally infected with a 10% homogenate of intestines from mice infected with murine rotavirus. In the resulting disease, gross signs (diarrhea, alteration in intestinal appearance, failure to gain weight) and histologic changes typical of rotaviral gastroenteritis were manifest. Although quantification was not feasible by immunofluorescent staining, this technique did reveal …

Induction And Characterization Of Cold-Sensitive, Recessive, Sex-Linked Lethal Mutation In Drosophila Melanogaster, Faisal M. Abu-Tarboush

Biology

The study was conducted to induce and characterize cold-sensitive lethal mutations in the Basc stock of Drosophila melanogaster and then to identify the effective lethal phase (LP) and temperature-sensitive period (TSP) for the mutants. Ethyl methanesulfonate was used as the mutagenic agent in this study. Basc EMS-treated males were mated to virgin Canton-S females. The progeny from their mating was individually mated and tested for lethality at 18°C and then for viability at 25°C. The stable stocks obtained were then retested for lethality at 18°C. Two different sex-linked, recessive, cold-sensitive lethal mutants were obtained out of 884 individually tested F1 …

Taxonomy And Distribution Of The Stratiomyidae (Diptera) Of The Intermountain Region Of The United States, Mikky Abdulla Amoudi

Biology

A study was carried out on the species composition of the Stratiomyidae in the Intermountain Region, their distribution, seasonal occurrence and habitats. Over 12,000 adult specimens were examined at collections in the area. A total of 83 species and sub-species were found to occur or potentially occur in the Intermountain Region. These belong to 20 genera in 7 subfamilies. Of the subfamilies, Stratiomyinae, Nemotelinae and to a lesser extent, Clitellariinae were the most prevalent in terms of numbers of genera and species. Slightly more than two-thirds of the species and genera in the Intermountain Region belong to these subfamilies. Included …

The Robber Flies (Diptera: Asilidae) Of Utah, Charles Riley Nelson

Biology

As a result of taxonomic investigations, 157 species of Asilidae are recognized as occurring in Utah. Keys for subfamiles, genera, and species are given, along with information on seasonal and distributional occurrence in Utah. Seventy-six maps and fifty-seven figures are included, which show the Utah distribution of each species and illustrate important characters used in the keys. Trends in distributional patterns are discussed.

The Effects Of Neutral And Sex-Specific Terminology On Sex Stereotyping, Natalie J. Malovich

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

A study was conducted to examine the effects of neutral and sex-specific terminology on sex stereotyping in regard to two primary questions: 1) whether or not the use of sex-neutral terminology alters subjects ' associations to particular words, and 2) whether, in the absence of gender identification, subjects make traditional sex-role assumptions about neutral terms. A third questions examined potential differences in male and female subjects' responses to neutral and sex-specific terminology.

Using a semantic differential technique, 40 male and 40 female volunteer subjects described a number of occupations and roles identified by sex-specific or sex-unspecified labels. Descriptions of those …

Monetary Disequilibrium, Black Market Exchange Rate, And The Balance Of Payments (The Case Of Iran), Reza Kalantar

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The main purpose of this study is to analyze theoretically and empirically the short- run dynamics of Iranian reserve flows, black market exchange rate, and domestic rate of inflation. To achieve this purpose, a monetary approach was adopted to measure the simultaneous effect of an ex ante excess flow supply of money on the three variables.

This study also attempts to test the hypothesis that in the long run growth in output and price level is associated with a balance of payments surplus, while growth in the domestically - determined portion of the money stock tends to be associated with …

Mother-Infant, Father-Infant Relationships, Soheila Sobhani

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This study was designed to determine the contributions of mothers and fathers to infant social development. Nine 10-month-olds, 12 fourteen-month-olds, and 12 eighteen-month-olds were observed with their mothers and fathers in a laboratory situation. Parent-infant interactions were videotaped during three different episodes: Mother-infant dyad, father-infant dyad, and mother-father-infant triad. Findings revealed different interaction patterns as a result of the ages of infants and the interaction situation. Older infants and their parents engaged in more verbal behavior (responsive talk, social speech, and story reading) than younger infants and their parents. It was found that parents and infants interacted with each other …

On The Effectiveness Of Agricultural Land-Use Controls, Eric Tarquin Marnell

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Land resources are a valuable resource in the economic system. There exists considerable controversy surrounding the allocation of land into the competing land uses. At the heart of this controversy are agricultural land resources. The purpose of this paper is to investigate, first theoretically and second empirically, the effectiveness of controls placed on land use to keep land in agricultural production.

A theoretical conclusion is reached as to whether the free market or 1 and-use controls allocate land resources more efficiently. An empirical model is formulated to explain changes in the quantity of agricultural land as a function of several …

Microcomputer Algorithms For Prime Number Testing, Susan Dale Barton

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This paper gives a survey of different methods of prime number testing. Emphasis has been given to algorithms based upon Fermat's Theorem: if p is an odd prime number, then p divides a^p-a. All of the computer programs described in this paper have been written for use on microcomputers and so the feasibility of using microcomputers is also discussed. Finally, numbers of various forms have been considered for primality with special attention given to Mersenne and Fermat numbers. It is hoped that some of the information contained in this paper may provide worthwhile enrichment ideas for mathematics educators.

Cluster Analysis For Acid Rain Data In Norway, Ali Ghafourian

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This paper gives a description of three well known clustering methods, and discusses the advantages and disadvantages of each. Then, the results of these three clustering methods are compared through examining them on a specific set of data.

The Relationship Between Ego Identity Status, Conformity Behavior, And Personality In College Students, John Harold Ryan

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The relationship between conformity behavior and the four identity statuses as operationalized by Marcia was studied in 80 college students. Also, various personality characteristics were studied relative to their discernability by identity status and their relationship to conformity behavior. As sex difference was a major consideration in the study, the sample was divided into 40 males and 40 females ranging in age from 18 to 25 years. Statistical analysis indicated there were no significant differences between identity statuses relative to conformity for either males or female s. In addition, very few personality characteristics were indicative of conformity for either sex. …

Nonpoint Source Pollution To Bear Lake, Utah-Idaho: Magnitude, Periodicity, And Watershed Management Alternatives, Victor J. Kollock

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

From April of 1981 to June of 1982 a Clean Lakes Program Phase 1 Diagnostic Feasibility Study was conducted on Bear Lake, a 282 km² (109m²) fresh-water lake located in southeastern Idaho and northeastern Utah. A portion of this Clean Lakes Program required an itemized inventory of all nonpoint sources affecting the lake's water quality.

A 16 month lake tributary monitoring program, which included the spring runoff periods of 1981 and 1982, provided data from which nutrient loading values (kg/day and kg/yr) were calculated. Analysis of these data, along with land use percentages within the Bear Lake …

Joaquin Murieta: Fact, Fiction And Folklore, Thomas J. Gordon

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This work explores the legendary 19th-century California bandit Joaquin Murieta as he is manifest in the history, literature and folklore of the West. The first section of the work examines in some detail the historical milieu which gave rise to widespread banditry during the California gold rush, at which time Murieta is said to have been active. The second section traces the development of the literary hero Joaquin Murieta from his creation by John Rollin Ridge through a number of American, Mexican, Chilean, Spanish and French incarnations. Section three similarly traces Murieta as a folk hero through a cycle of …

Differential Behavior Of Coyotes With Regard To Home Range Limits, Charles E. Harris

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This study was conducted to examine coyote behavioral responses to novel stimuli in familiar and unfamiliar environments and the implications of this behavior with regard to specific coyote management and research techniques. A series of pen studies with captive coyotes was undertaken at the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's Predator Ecology and Behavior Project research site, Logan, Utah, to observe the range and type of behaviors coyotes showed towards small novel objects and standard scent stations in familiar and unfamiliar 1-ha enclosures. The initial response to these novel stimuli in familiar environments was one of neophobia and caution, whereas in …

Childhood Experiences In Mormon Polygamous Families At The Turn Of The Century, Dorothy Geneve Young Willey

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The primary purpose of this research was to gain insight into what childhood was like in turn-of-the-century Mormon polygamous families. This purpose was executed through two main avenues: basic empirical data and descriptive accounts. This type of research was crucial inasmuch as previous research and commentaries dealt with adult relations but little was known about children in this complex Mormon family structure.

In order to gain an understanding of childhood in Mormon polygamous families during this era, forty elderly individuals who were reared in plural marriages were interviewed in depth. A field type design was employed using a historical-cultural; in …

Time Spent Shopping By 210 Two Parent Two Child Families In Utah, Pamela Hunt

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of this study was to analyze the amount of time spent shopping by family members. The researcher also intended to identify factors that influence the amount of time devoted to shopping. Data for the study came from the Utah portion of the "Interstate Comparison of Urban/Rural Families' Time Use" which involved 210 two-parent/two-child families in Utah. Data were collected through interviews with the homemakers in each family using diaries and an information questionnaire. Shopping time of the homemaker, spouse, and children were analyzed.

The factors considered included employment status of the homemaker, place of residence, family income level, …

An Evaluation Of Variety--Interactions Under Conservation Tillage Wheat Cropping Systems, Robert L. Newhall

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

While many spring and winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties have been evaluated for yield characteristics under Utah's conventional dryland cropping systems, little is known about these same varieties under new conservation tillage farming management techniques. Farmers are rapidly adopting various reduced tillage systems and need information regarding proper varieties, fertility practices, weed control , etc. A two year field study, in Box Elder County, Utah on a DeJarnet Gravelly silt loam (Loamy-skeletal, mixed, mesic, Calcic Pachic Haploxeroll) and on a Mendon silt loam (fine-silty, mixed, mesic, Calcic Pachic Argixeroll) examined total dry matter, grain yield, percent protein, …

The Effects Of So2 On N2-Fixation, Carbon Partitioning, And Yield Components In Snapbean, Phaseolus Vulgaris L., Stephen M. Griffith

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The primary air pollutant sulfur dioxide has been shown to affect plant biochemistry and physiology, although very little is known about its effects on N₂-fixation in legumes.

This study was designed to determine if N₂-fixation, carbon partitioning , and productivity are affected under short term low level, so₂ exposures.

Greenhouse grown snapbeans (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Earliwax), 29 days from planting, were exposed to 0.0, 0.4, and 0.8 parts per million sulfur dioxide for 4 hours day^-1 for 5 days in a fumigation chamber. At these concentrations there was no visible damage of …

The Photoregulation Of Phenylpropanoid Metabolism And Amino Acid Accumulation In Triticum Aestivum (Var. Fremont), Daniel J. Guerra

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grown in controlled environments with a 24-hour photoperiod was analyzed for phenylpropanoid and amino acid metabolites. Discrete spectral environments, including a metal halide, high-pressure sodium and low-pressure sodium lamps, provided both photosynthetically active radiation and phenylpropanoid inducing fluences of light. A greenhouse spectral environment supplemented with fluorescent lamps was also used to culture wheat. All four spectral environments were used to culture wheat to maturity separately. The activities of phenylalanine and tyrosine ammonia-lyase were photoinduced in wheat tissue obtained from plants grown in the metal halide, high-pressure sodium and greenhouse spectral environments. These enzyme activities are …

Use Of Clearcut Habitats By Black Bears In The Pacific Northwest, Kim R. Barber

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Patterns of vegetation use by black bears (Ursus americanus) on Long Island, Washington were documented using radio-telemetry in 1973-74 and 1980-81. Secondary succession altered the vegetative compostion of clearcut areas through this time, reducing the areas dominated by productive brush species by nearly 50%. Seasonal food habits, consisted primarily of grasses and forbs in spring (den emergence-May) and flowers and fruits of shrub species in summer (June-September) and fall (October-den entrance).

Bears selected for clearcuts (5-21 years of age) over all other vegetation types for feeding but preferred areas dominated by large trees when inactive during both the …

Selection And Preparation Of Lactic Culture Starters For Manufacture Of Cheddar Cheese, Aly Youssef Gamay

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

A Spiral Plater and a Microtiter system were used to isolate and evaluate cultures for a paired strain culture program. Bacteriophage and temperature sensitivity data of 43 Streptococcus cremoris strains were introduced into a computer cluster program to pair the least similar strains.

Selected pairs were challenged with phage. Resistant mutants were developed.

Characteristics of proteinase positive and proteinase negative variants were examined. Proteinase positive isolates produced more changes in pH, cell mass and more generations in milk than their counter-parts. Paired proteinase negative cultures produced more change in pH and cell mass and more generations in milk than single …

The Effect Of Heat Treatment On Meat Heme And Nonheme Iron Bioavailability For The Anemic Rat, Oranong Jansuittivechakul

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Three separate experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of heat treatment on meat heme and nonheme iron bioavailability in anemic rats. Male weanling Sprague-Drawley rats were first made anemic, then subsequently fed with experimental diets. In the first experiment, dietary iron sources were raw or autoclaved meat mixed with ferrous sulfate to give the ratios of iron from meat and ferrous sulfate equal to 100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75, and 0:100 respectively. For the second experiment, the dietary iron sources were raw or autoclaved meat mixed with bovine hemoglobin (HB) to give dietary iron ratios as described for experiment 1. …

A Study Of The Action Of Bovine Cathepsin D On Intramuscular Connective Tissue, Elimosaria Elikalia Maeda

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Cathepsin D has been postulated to play a role in the tenderization of meat with ageing. Meat toughness has been related to connective tissue content and degree of myofibrillar shortening. This investigation was undertaken to determine the activity of cathepsin D on bovine intramuscular connective tissue.

Highly purified cathepsin D preparations from bovine spleen and bovine sternomandibularis muscle were obtained by ammonium sulfate fractionation followed by affinity chromatography on pepstatin coupled to controlled pore size alkyl amine glass beads. Maximum proteolytic activity using hemoglobin as substrate was obtained at pH 3.5 and 3.8 for bovine spleen and muscle cathepsin D, …