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Apoptosis And Calcification, Kookmin M. Kim

Scanning Microscopy

Calcification in necrosis has long been known. Of the tissue components, the cells are most vulnerable. Nevertheless, little attention has been paid to the role of cell death in calcification. This review attempts to update the mechanism of calcification with an emphasis on the role of apoptosis in calcification. A brief review on the basic sciences relevant to calcification is followed by a discussion of abnormal Ca²⁺ and P_i homeostasis in cell injury and apoptosis. Concomitant increases in Ca²⁺ and P_i in blebs (and matrix vesicles) formed by apoptotic and/or necrotic cells are apparently the primary …

Proceedings From The 32nd Marschall Italian And Specialty Cheese Seminar, Various Authors

Cheese Industry Conference

No abstract provided.

Low Temperature Techniques As A Tool In Plant Pathology, Sigrun Hippe-Sanwald

Scanning Microscopy

In plant pathology, low temperature preparation techniques now appear to be feasible methods to stabilize the dynamic ultrastructure of the host-(plant)-pathogen (fungi) interaction for an analysis by transmission electron microscopy. A well defined ultrastructure of small organisms (fungi) and large biological samples such as plant material and as well as the plant-pathogen (fungus) infection sites are presented. The mesophyll tissue of Arabidopsis thaliana is characterized by homogeneously structured cytoplasm closely attached to the cell wall. Infection sites of stem rust (Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici) on primary leaves of wheat (Triticum aestivum) and powdery mildew (Erysiphe …

Vitamin B6 Deficiency And Galactose Induced Alterations In Morphology And Osmotic Fragility Of Rat Erythrocytes, P. Kaul, H. Sidhu, S. K. Thind, S. K. Sharma, R. Nath

Scanning Microscopy

Recently, red blood cells have been investigated mainly for alterations in ion transporting capacity, membrane bound enzymes or modifications in the structure of its individual constituents in clinical and experimental urolithiasis. However, the implication of such modifications on the physical state or morphology of cells has not been investigated. Scanning electron microscopic studies performed in vitamin B₆ deficient and/or galactose fed rat (established hyperoxaluric models) erythrocytes, showed the presence of large number of stomatocytes, spherocytes and other variously deformed cells as compared to discocytic cells seen in normal control group. These changes in shape were in concurrence with red …

Efficient Cooking For One, Charlotte Brennand

All Current Publications

Cooking for one person on a day in, day out basis is not especially rewarding. This is especially true for the person who gets home from work wanting to relax and not spend time fixing a meal.

Use Of Colloidal Gold And Neutron Activation In Correlative Microscopic Labeling And Label Quantitation, B. J. Darien, P. A. Sims, K. T. Kruse-Elliott, T. S. Homan, R. J. Cashwell, A. J. Cooley, R. M. Albrecht

Scanning Microscopy

Albumin was conjugated to 16 nm gold particles (Alb-Au16) and infused into anesthetized pigs to determine if plasma, tissue and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid concentrations of gold could be quantitated by neutron activation (Au198). Additionally, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of lung and liver samples was evaluated for sites of gold distribution and morphological changes. The minimum concentration of gold detected by neutron activation ranged between 1.4 and 1.9 ppb (ng/gm of sample). No gold was detected in the plasma of pigs prior to Alb-Au16 infusion, while mean post infusion concentrations were 1.037 ± 0.69 ppm (μg/gm plasma, ±SD). The concentrations …

The Interaction Of Laser Energy With Ureter Tissues In A Long Term Investigation, U. Stratmann, K. Schaarschmidt, R. R. Lehmann, A. Heinze, G. H. Willital, E. Unsold

Scanning Microscopy

This study investigates tissue responses after laser irradiation of the rabbit ureter, which serves as an experimental model for rectourogenital fistulae of children. Twenty-five rabbit ureters were irradiated intraluminally by a Nd:YAG laser 1320 nm (2 Watt, 20 seconds and 3 Watt, 8 seconds) via an applicator with radialsymmetrical light distribution. Immediately, 2 weeks, 4 weeks, 8 weeks, and 16 weeks after irradiation, the ureters were X-rayed with contrast solution and prepared for light and transmission electron microscopy. For the parameters employed, no apparent morphological differences could be observed. Immediately, the central laser zone showed a transmural therrnonecrosis prevailed by …

A Phylogeny Of The Genus Amaranthus (Amaranthaceae): Restriction Site Analysis Of Pcr-Amplified Chloroplast And Nuclear Dna, Karen Zak Lanoue

Biology

Amaranthus is a genus containing approximately 60 species, of which three are cultivated because their seeds exhibit a high protein content compared to the traditional monocot grains. Many wild Amaranthus species possess agriculturally desirable traits like drought and salt tolerance, and pathogen resistance. A phylogenetic tree of the genus Amaranthus was constructed in order to elucidate the relationships between the wild and cultivated Amaranthus species for breeding purposes in order to establish amaranth as a valuable alternative dry-land crop. Our tree was based upon restriction site analysis of two chloroplast DNA regions and a nuclear DNA region. The chloroplast regions …

Effects Of Artificial And Pea Aphid Honeydew On Bathyplectes Curculionis (Thomson), A Parasitoid Of The Alfalfa Weevil, Hypera Postica (Gyllenhal), Staci England

Biology

The larval endoparasitoid, Bathyplectes curculionis (Thomson), is a major enemy of the alfalfa weevil, Hypera postica (Gyllenhal), which is the most serious pest of alfalfa in North America. The effectiveness of B. curculionis as a biological control agent may be influenced by the availability of adult food sources. One potential source of carbohydrates, aphid honeydew, has been shown to increase fecundity and longevity in some parasitic Hymenoptera. Pea aphids, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris), are often present in Utah alfalfa agricultural systems and their honeydew may act as a food source for B. curculionis. Laboratory experiments were performed to evaluate the …

Aluminum, Georgia C. Lauritzen

All Archived Publications

This publication addresses the risks involved with using aluminum.

Expression Of Hamster Retinoic Acid Receptor Β2 And Β4 During Development And The Effect Of Retinoic Acid, Dolores Diaz

Biology

The retinoic acid receptors (RARs) constitute a group of nuclear proteins that belong to the steroid and thyroid-hormone receptor superfamily. They act as ligand-inducible transcriptional regulatory factors and provide a model for the molecular mechanism of action of retinoids (vitamin A derivatives). The objective of this study was to identify one or more isoforms of the retinoic acid receptor β (RARβ) in hamster embryos, and to study their expression during development and after retinoic acid (RA) treatment. Total RNA was extracted from a 12-day-old hamster embryo, reverse transcribed and tailed with dGTP. The resulting cDNA was subjected to anchored-polymerase chain …

Gene Regulation In Maize Silk During Pollen Tube Growth, Chalapathi Rao V. Koka

Biology

The objective of this research was to evaluate whether genes encoding certain classes of cell wall protein and pathogenesis-related protein are regulated in response to pollen tube growth, in maize silk. In Northern blot analysis of total RNA isolated from maize silk at different time periods after pollination, there was an increase in the transcripts for extensin, a cell wall protein. However, there was an increase in transcripts for mock pollinated samples, albeit to a lesser extent, indicating that there is a wound response as well. In contrast, PR-4, a pathogenesis-related protein gene, was induced only 24 hr after pollination, …

The Home Trenches: The Program To Increase Food Production And Conservation In Utah During World War One, Alene Estelle Alder

Undergraduate Honors Capstone Projects

Wars are not just won on the battle field but on the home front as well. Soldiers cannot fight on empty stomachs or without weapons. "The Man who tills the soil and supports the soldier in the field and the family at home is rendering as noble and patriotic service as is the man who bears the blunt of the battle" 1 It was necessary to mobilize the entire country in support of the Great War. To feed our soldiers and those of our allies, a call rang forth encouraging American farmers to increase crop production, and housewives to conserve …

Effects Of Graded Levels Of Dietary Lasalocid On Performance Of Holstein Cows During Early Lactation, Dennis E. Christensen

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Thirty-six multiparous Holstein cows were assigned to one of three dietary levels of lasalocid· 0, 180, or 360 mg/hd/d in a completely randomized design Cows were assigned to treatments 1 wk postcalving and remained on treatment until 11 wk postcalving Basal diets were composed of ground corn, alfalfa hay, alfalfa haylage, corn silage, and soybean meal, fortified with vitamins and minerals as needed. All ingredients were ground and fed as a total mixed ration Daily rations were fed in two equal portions at 0500 and I 700 h at a rate to allow a 5- 10% refusal. Daily measurements included …

Evaluation Of Milk Production In Western Whiteface And Navajo-Churro Ewes, Marla Faye Brindley

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Western Whiteface and Navajo-Churro Ewes, two types of sheep present in the Intermountain West, were compared for their milk production ability. Amount of milk produced per individual and the group milk composition were analyzed for butterfat, lactose, somatic cell count, protein, calcium, and phosphorous.

Ewes were fed ad libitum alfalfa hay and had access to free-choice grain while in the milking parlor. Lambs were weaned at 35 d of age and removed to another holding area and placed on creep feed . Ewes were milked for 90 d following the weaning of the lambs.

Western Whiteface ewes had a much …

The Effects Of Feeding Chelated Metal Proteinates On Milk Production And Reproductive Performance In Holstein Dairy Cows, Ben James Hardcastle

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Twenty-two primiparous Holstein heifers were allocated to one of two treatments. Treatments consisted of: 1) basal ration plus 226.8 g inorganic mineral supplement (control); and 2) basal ration plus 226.8 g inorganic mineral and metal proteinate supplement (50:50). Individual heifer performance was measured during the final 10 weeks of the prepartum period. Feed intake and refusals were recorded daily. Individual heifer body weights recorded weekly did not differ significantly. Blood samples taken at 4-week intervals did not differ in plasma concentration between treatments. Calf birth weights for control heifers were not significantly higher than calves from the treatment heifers.

The …

Effects Of Antioxidants On Development Of In Vitro Fertilized Bovine Embryos, Bret L. Anderson

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Free radicals are short-lived molecules that can cause decreased embryonic development in vitro. Antioxidants are molecules that block free radical formation or guard against their harmful effects. Many studies have linked exposure of media to light and culturing of embryos in high (20%) oxygen concentrations to free radical production. Some of the antioxidants used in culture media are superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, zinc (II), ethylenedinitrilo tetraacetic acid (EDTA), mannitol, vitamin E, dimethyl sulfide, and taurine. Most research involving antioxidants and embryonic development has been conducted on non-farm animals, particularly mouse and rabbit. Studies have shown that antioxidants in vitro culture …

The Efficacy Of A Self-Administered Cognitive Behavioral Treatment Program For Body Image Dissatisfaction In Women With Subclinical Bulimia Nervosa, Ellen N. Emerson

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Subjects for this study were 40 women (N = 40) with subclinical bulimia nervosa who were randomly assigned to either a Cognitive Behavioral Treatment group (CBT) or to a waiting list control group. Treatment was provided for 8 weeks in an individual, self-administered format, using an audio-taped treatment package for Body Image Dissatisfaction (BID). Cognitive behavioral treatment focused on changing negative thoughts and feelings about one's body. No specific treatment focused on changing eating symptomatology or concomitant symptoms, although these were assessed. The waiting list control condition received assessment, followed by 8 weeks of no treatment. Treatment outcome measures …

Effects Of Homogenization And Ultra-High Temperature Processing On The Properties Of Whole Milk Concentrated By A Multiple-Membrane Separation System, Chien-Ti Chang

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Three different concentrated whole milks (2.5x, 2.75x, and 3.0x) were produced by mixing equal parts of ultrafiltration retentate of whole milk and reverse osmosis retentate of the UF milk permeate. The concentrated whole milks were ultra-high temperature processed by direct steam injection (140.6°C) followed by flash cooling and two-stage homogenization pressures (2500/500 psi, 3500/700 psi, or 4500/900 psi). The milk concentrates were packaged aseptically and stored at room temperature. On the other hand, the milk concentrates produced by the RO single membrane system with the same concentration levels served as the control. Physicochemical properties of the milks were surveyed every …

Muscle Fiber Types, Dna:Rna:Protein Ratios, And Measures Of Tenderness In Various Muscles Of Normal And Callipyge Lambs, Owen D. Rice

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

An inherited muscle hypertrophy in sheep is caused by the callipyge gene (CLPG) located on ovine chromosome 18. It has been suggested that this gene is a single autosomal dominant gene. Animals expressing the callipyge gene show increased muscling in the pelvic and torso regions of the body and, thus, have been given the phenotype- descriptive name callipyge (from Greek calli-beautiful; pyge-buttocks). In this study 21 wether lambs, the offspring of callipyge rams (genotype CLPG /clpg) and normal Rambouillet ewes (genotype clpg/clpg), were used to determine the differences in muscle fiber type percentages, composition, and tenderness between normal …

Improved Control Of Cheese Manufacture Through Continuous Vat Monitoring Of Coagulation Parameters Using The Hot Wire Method, Michael John Lefevre

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The hot wire method, with pH and temperature sensors, was evaluated to determine its usefulness and application for cheese production automation. Coagulation of milk substrate was measured with the hot wire instrument and by four other methods: Formagraph, Brookfield®, vixcometer, Omnispec™ bioactivity monitor, and Sommer and Matsen rolling bottle method. The hot wire, using the time at maximum slope, detected coagulation before methods that measure resistance to shear, and after methods that measure light reflectance. Coagulation time was not significantly different from the industry standard rolling bottle method used by Sommer and Matsen. the hot wire instrument was also used …

Effects Of Iron Fortification On Microbiological, Physical, Chemical, And Organoleptic Properties Of Yogurt, Sharareh Hekmat

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

It has been shown that iron binds strongly to the proteins in milk, and our aim was to determine whether or not this binding was affected by lowering pH in the manufacture of yogurt. Iron-protein complexing was studied using two different techniques. 1) Skim milk was fortified with 10 mg iron/100 ml and the pH of the milk was adjusted to 6.7, 6.2, 5.8, 5.3, 4.5, and 4.0. The milk was fractionated by ultracentrifugation at 52,000 x g for 60 minutes. The pellets and serum were then analyzed for iron, calcium, and phosphorus content by inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy. SDS-PAGE …

The Effect Of Iron Fortification On The Chemical, Physical, And Sensory Properties Of Mozzarella Cheese, Wendy Haws Rice

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Mozzarella cheese was made from milk fortified with iron so that the cheese contained 25 and 50 ppm iron. Iron was added to the milk in three ways: (1) complexed to casein (ferric-casein), (2) complexed to whey protein (ferric-whey protein), and (3) ferric chloride (FeCl3·6H20) added directly to milk. Cheese quality was determined by chemical, physical, and sensory characteristics and compared with a control cheese.

Chemical oxidation, during 28 days storage, was determined by absorbance of malondialdehyde at 535 nm using the thiobarbituric acid assay (TBA). Physical properties were assessed by the Arnott test for melt, helical viscometer for stretch, …

Conjunctival Impression Cytology Assessment Of Vitamin A Status Of Migrant Children, Laura Nihan

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Subclinical vitamin A deficiency was assessed in 65 Hispanic children attending four migrant Head Start programs in Utah. Subjects aged 2 to 6 years (median 3 years 10 months) were examined for evidence of vitamin A deficiency by conjunctival impression cytology. Biochemical indices for serum vitamin A, retinol-binding protein, zinc, and iron were performed.

Of eight children (12.5%) with subclinical vitamin A deficiency, one child had a marginal serum vitamin A of 11 μg/dl. Retinol-binding protein concentrations were significantly lower in two subjects with abnormal conjunctival impression cytology. Serum zinc, which when low can mimic signs of ocular vitamin …

Membrane Protein As A Basis Of Nacl Tolerance In Alfalfa, Husni N. Sabah

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This study sought to determine whether NaCl altered the plasma membrane proteins in alfalfa exhibiting differential NaCl concentrations, and whether CaSO₄ modified the responses. Two alfalfa cultivars, Centurion and Condor, were grown in 0.5 strength Hoagland solution in a greenhouse. The cultivars were exposed to 0, 88, and 132 mM of NaCl alone and mixed with CaSO₄ ⋅ H₂O at 7 and 14 Mm CaSO₄ for 3, 9, and 60 days.

In experiment 1, roots were dried to determine their Na, Ca, K, and Mg concentration. The results were similar to previous reports in which …