Digital Commons Network^™

Isolation And Biochemical Characterization Of Acid- And Bile- Tolerant Strains Of Lactobacillus Acidophilus And Bifidobacterium Bifidum, Lan-Szu Chou

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Lactic acid bacteria have been reported to be used as a health adjunct in food for u many years. However, these health benefits have not been proven. and how these bacteria pass through the digestion process and remain viable in the human intestinal tract is still not clear. The aim of this work was to isolate mutants from Lactobacillus acidophilus or Bifidobacterium bifidum that could tolerate the conditions of the digestion process (low pH and bile conduction) and to characterize these isolated mutants.

Acid- and bile-tolerant mutants of L. acidophilus were isolated from parental strains successfully using natural selection techniques. …

Relative Absorption Of Iron And Magnesium From Sulfate Salts, Amino Acid Chelates Complexed And/Or Mixed With Vegetables, And Taste-Free Supplements, Jennifer A. Bowden

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Common methods for determining mineral absorption by the body are invasive and frequently utilize radioisotopes. In experiment one. rats were given a dose of radiolabeled ferrous sulfate. Relative absorption was estimated by changes in serum iron and by appearance of the radiotracer in the serum. There were no differences in relative absorption determined by the methods, although the low overall absorptions by the iron-replete rats may have decreased the sensitivity.

In experiments two and three. iron and magnesium supplements were given orally to 12 women age 19-25. Each subject received iron and magnesium supplements once each week for 5 weeks. …

Evaluation Of Methods Used In Meat Iron Analyses And Iron Content Of Raw, Cooked, And Cured Meats, Eldred Merlyn Clark

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This research project was divided into three parts. In the first part, heme, nonheme, and total iron methodologies for meats were evaluated. The accuracy, precision, and specificity of each method were determined by spike recoveries of heme and nonheme iron, and by analysis of National Institute of Science and Technology standard reference materials. The most reliable and practical methods were then used to determine the total, nonheme, and heme iron contents of various meats before and after cooking. The meats analyzed were beef, pork, lamb, chicken, and turkey. The wet-ashing technique was a novel procedure in which nitric acid was …

Effect Of Ph, Fat Level, And Various Browning Agents On Composition, Color, Texture, And Sensory Characteristics Of Dark-Cutting Beef Patties, Igor V. Moiseev

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Extra lean (3.3% fat) and lean (20.0% fat) hamburgers in three pH groups (≤ 6.0; 6.01-6.49; 6.50-6.92) were evaluated for cooking-temperature profile, total process lethality, and physical properties after cooking to 71°C by double-side frying on an electric grill. Neither cooking-temperature profile nor cooking time was affected by hamburger fat content or pH. Double-side frying to 71.1°C internal temperature was adequate for more than 6-log destruction of viable E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella at the geometrical center of extra lean and lean hamburgers. The coldest spot was on the circumferential surface, as indicated by the presence of a red ring …

A Quantitative Analysis Of Potassium Loss As A Result Of Different Processing Methods, Patricia M. Klefbeck

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Compliance with the strict dietary regimen for the dialysis patient can be very challenging. Many foods are limited from the diet of a renal patient because of the high potassium content. The physiological consequences of failure to follow a diet prescription can be fatal for the dialysis patient. In an effort to improve patient compliance with nutritional protocols, several potato cooking methods and centrifugation of tomato sauce were investigated for their effects in reducing potassium content.

All methods with a 24-hour soak were found to be significant in reducing potassium content of potatoes (P < 0.05). However, some of the methods in which the potatoes were not soaked were also found to be effective in reducing potassium content. Slice thickness and volume of cooking water used were found to be two important factors in determining potassium loss. The 4-mm sliced potatoes, which had a mean potassium value of 84 mg/100 g, lost more potassium than the 8-mm potatoes with a mean potassium value of 182 mg/100 g (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the potatoes cooked in 10 times the amount of water lost more potassium (124 mg/100 g) than those cooked in only 5 times the amount of water (148 mg/100 g) (P < .005). Soaking in cold versus hot water, agitation of the soak water, or the addition of chemical chelators to the soak water were not shown to be any more effective in reducing the potassium content than the other methods. Sensory data indicated that participants did not have a strong taste preference for potatoes cooked by any one particular method (P < 0.05).

Centrifugation of …

Physiological Effects Of Chitosan And Chitorichtm On Rats Fed At Two Levels Of Lipid And Fiber, Hyung-Suk Lee

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Chitin is a polysaccharide derived from the shell of crustaceans. Chitosan is a deacylated chitin derivative and ChitoRich™ is a chitosan-based formulation. Chitosan is known to inhibit dietary fat absorption. ChitoRich™ and chitosan were evaluated for their ability to control fat absorption in growing rats.

Forty-eight rats (about 150 g) were fed for 4 weeks on 12 different diets containing two levels of vegetable shortening (15 and 5%) and fiber (5 and 2.5%) with cellulose, chitosan, or ChitoRich™ as the dietary fiber sources.

Rats fed ChitoRich™ ate less and gained less body weight than rats fed the other fiber sources. …

Relationship Between Taste And Smell Sensitivity To Preference Of A Milk-Based Beverage: Young Versus Elderly Adults, Sally Donahoo Johnson

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

With aging, there is a putative loss of taste and smell that may lead to decreased food enjoyment. We determined the relationships among age, detection, and recognition thresholds for taste and smell, and preference for flavored milk.

Ninety young (20-40 years) and 90 elderly (over 64 years) subjects evaluated chocolate mint-, lemon-, or strawberry-flavored milk. Detection and recognition thresholds were determined for sucrose and for the assigned flavor in milk systems. Sucrose was dissolved in milk, and flavors were dispersed in milk with flavor identification. Preference was determined using a 9-point hedonic scale to evaluate all combinations of five sucrose …

Quantitation Of Bovine Serum Albumin In Cow's-Milk-Based Infant Formulas And Removal Of Bovine Serum Albumin From Cow's Milk And Whey Protein Isolates, Patricia Z. Marincic

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Early introduction of cow's-milk-based infant formulas, in particular the ABBOS epitope of bovine serum albumin (BSA), has been implicated as an autoimmune trigger in the pathogenesis of insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). A direct enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA), using polyclonal anti-BSA antibodies, was developed to determine the BSA content of cow's milk and 15 infant formulas. Powdered high-whey (60%) formulas averaged 41 mg BSA/100 ml; 2% milk contained 52 mg BSA/100 ml; and the high-casein formulas averaged 13 mg/100 ml. BSA content of powdered polymeric formulas and cow's milk varied directly with the whey protein concentration (correlation coefficient = 0.8445, …

The Economic Role Of Range Livestock Production In Kasungu Agricultural Development Division (Kadd), Malawi, Phillip H. W. Phiri

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This study was conducted to determine the effects of season and auction and produce marketing systems on prices received by farmers for livestock sales and the effect of price on cattle numbers sold in KADD. Livestock population, carrying capacity, and stocking rate were estimated. Data were analyzed using pie charts, regression methods, and analysis of variance.

There was no significant difference (P=.06) between cattle prices per kilogram during the wet season and after harvest. During the wet season, significantly more cattle were sold than after harvest (P< .001) to purchase food and farm inputs, and pay school fees and medical bills. Market price was only a secondary factor.

Carrying capacity and stocking rate were estimated at 15.00 kg …

A Slow-Release Nitrogen Fertilizer: Ammonium-Loaded Clinoptilolite, T. Scott Perrin

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Crops grown in sandy soils require frequent irrigation. As a result, nitrogen (N) fertilizers. such as ammonium sulfate((NH₄)₂SO₄), are leached from the rooting zone of crops. This loss of N increases N fertilizer use and the potential for nitrate (NO₃^-) contamination of water. Ammonium-loaded clinoptilolite (NH₄⁺-Cp) may reduce this N leaching, increase N fertilizer use-efficiency, and prevent NO₃- contamination of water while sustaining normal crop growth.

The potential of NH₄⁺-Cp as a N fertilizer was assessed in three leaching experiments without plants and …

Bark Beetle Activity In Douglas-Fir, Pseudotsuga Menziesii Var. Glauca Mirb. (Franco), Following The 1994 Beaver Mountain Fire, Catherine A. Cunningham

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The 1994 Beaver Mountain fire ignited the canopies of subalpine fir, Abies lasiocarpa, and spread ground fire into adjacent Douglas-fir forests, Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca. Despite shorter flight seasons due to lower annual temperatures and persistent snow, the Douglas-fir bark beetle, Dendroctonus pseudotsugae Hopkins, attacked a range of moderately fire-injured host conifers. Logistic regression models illustrated that in 1995 associated bark beetles selected large diameter Douglas-fir with 60-80% bole char, 60-80% crown volume scorch, and 50-70% probability of mortality due to fire. In 1996 beetle preference shifted to smaller diameter trees with lighter fire injury. Tree size was …

Ingredient Substitution, Georgia C. Lauritzen Ph. D.

Archived Food and Health Publications

Publication provides ingredient substitutions and equivalent measurements for cooking purposes.

Marginalia No. 3, Merrill-Cazier Library

Marginalia

Volume 1, Number 3 (Issue no. 3): Spring Issue 1997

THE LEGACY OF ANNE CARROLL MOORE-Deb Boutwell, Dir. Of Moore Library shares some history

BRAVE NEW LIBRARIES- Cataloguing Head, Reed Painter, on Prof. Cannon’s Concerns (see last issue).

BRAVING NEW LIBRARIES- Collection Dev. Head, R.B. Schockmel also addresses Prof. Cannon’s concerns.

KIDS CONNECT @ THE LIBRARIES-ALA Technology Initiative provides training for online access for children

LIBRARY ADVOCACY-a list of useful information on libraries & funding issues from the ALA

FRIENDS SUMMER LECTURE SERIES -A listing with dates of the upcoming lectures

LISTING OF NATIONAL LIBRARY WEEK -including speakers, book sales, …

Utah Science Vol. 58 No. 1, Spring 1997

Utah Science

2 UTAH’S PRIVATE FORESTS IN DANGER

6 DON’T BLAME SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS FOR CANCER

10 GETTING TO THE ROOT OF FOREST DISEASE

12 MANAGING THE LAND FOR THE PEOPLE … AN D WITH THE PEOPLE

16 SMOKEY BEAR … THE REST OF THE STORY

Investigations On The Effect Of Grazing Intensity On The Transfer Of Radionuclides To Cow's Milk, G. Voight, C. Schotola, N. M.J. Crout, J. Absalom

All U.S. Government Documents (Utah Regional Depository)

No abstract provided.

1997 Annual Report, Various Authors

Annual Reports

No abstract provided.

Observations On Pasture Management And Grazing, Darwin B. Nielsen

Archived Agriculture Publications

Selection of the notes was based on an interest in pasture management, improving grazing systems, and grazing animal behavior as it might apply to Utah. This interest was stimulated as a result of research on pasture use and development and as a participant on the USU Pasture Committee.

Observations On Pasture Management And Grazing, Darwin B. Nielsen

All Archived Publications

No abstract provided.

Early Weaning Of Calves May Be Economical, Clell V. Bagley, Norris J. Stenquist, Donald L. Snyder

All Archived Publications

No abstract provided.

Toxic Contaminants In Harvested Forages, Clell V. Bagley

All Archived Publications

No abstract provided.

Managing Problems Caused By Urban Canada Geese, Allen L. Gosser, Michael R. Conover, Terry A. Messmer

All Archived Publications

No abstract provided.

Preference For Flavoured Foods By Lambs Conditioned With Intraruminal Administration Of Nitrogen, Juan J. Villalba, Frederick D. Provenza

Behavioral Education for Human, Animal, Vegetation, and Ecosystem Management (BEHAVE)

We suggested that food preference depends on the interplay between flavour and post-ingestive effects, and we predicted that protein-restricted lambs would acquire preferences for foods paired with supplemental sources of N, including urea (Expts 1 and 2), casein (Expt 3), and gluten (Expt 4). In each experiment, twenty lambs, in two groups of ten, were conditioned as follows: on odd-numbered days, lambs in group 1 received wheat straw (Expts 1, 3, and 4) or ground barley (Expt 2) flavoured with a distinctive flavour, and lambs in group 2 received the same food but with a different flavour. On even-numbered days, …

Preference For Wheat Straw By Lambs Conditioned With Intraruminal Infusions Of Starch, Juan J. Villalba, Frederick D. Provenza

Behavioral Education for Human, Animal, Vegetation, and Ecosystem Management (BEHAVE)

We hypothesized that feed preference depends on the interplay between flavour and postingestive effects, and we tested two predictions based on this hypothesis: (1) lambs acquire preferences for poorly nutritious feeds paired with starch; and (2) preferences persist when starch is no longer administered. Twenty lambs were randomly allocated to two groups and conditioned as follows: on odd-numbered days, lambs in group 1 received onion-flavoured wheat straw and lambs in group 2 received oregano-flavoured wheat straw. On even-numbered days, the flavours were switched and starch (2.5-9.4% of the digestible energy received/d) was infused into the rumen of all animals during …

Stochastic Food Prices And Slash-And-Burn Agriculture, Christopher B. Barrett

Economic Research Institute Study Papers

This paper explores the interrelationship between poverty, risk, and deforestation by small farmers in the low-income tropics. A nonseparable household model reveals how exogenous shocks to the mean or variance of a food price distribution affect peasants' incentives to clear forest. The resulting links between food price policy, farmer behavior, and deforestation offer an innovative explanation of the vicious cycle of peasant immiserization and tropical deforestation. An intriguing, testable hypothesis also emerges: market-oriented reforms that increase the mean and variance of food prices may inadvertently stimulate deforestation in economies in which a sizable proportion of farmers are net buyers.

Marginalia No. 2, Merrill-Cazier Library

Marginalia

Volume 1, Number 2 (Issue no. 2): Winter issue 1997

INTO A BRAVE NEW WORLD?-Guest commentator, Prof. Larry Cannon on the loss of the card catalogue

INTERNET WIZARDRY- Kevin Brewer describes interesting Web sites and how to access them.

BETTER THAN CASH-Giving Through capital gains profits

“FRIENDSHIP FOR LIBRARIES”-What Friends offer & what it members get back

JOIN FRIENDS COUPON & REPLY ENVELOPE

EUPHORIA OF READING-Fungus on old paper & ‘enlightening’ drug-like euphoria

JUST BETWEEN FRIENDS-spotlights Wilford R. Gardner, Friends Board member

ADOPT A JOURNAL-How to help the libraries keep up with journal inflation

THE FRONTIER CLOSES AT OLD MAIN-Bob …

Economic Development And Growth Of Cities: A Retrospective Synthesis, Herbert H. H. Fullerton

Applied Economics Faculty Publications

This paper provides an overview of development strategies and historic growth patterns among major cities in industrialized countries. The papers objective is to identify patterns which may be repeated in the further growth and development of emerging urban centers, such as the Inchon metropolitan complex in Northeast Asia. Selected empirical results and conclusions drawn from recent published work in. regional/urban economics and development economics are synthesized. Topics addressed include: (i) contemporary development issues, strategies, and uncertainties; (ii) long-term growth patterns of cities in industrialized economies; (iii) impacts of agglomeration economies on growth and emergence of networks among major urban centers; …

Utah Science Vol. 58 No. 3, 1997

Utah Science

2 STRENGTHENING THE STAFF OF LIFE

6 CLA: THE MODERN FOOD CHAIN'S WEAKEST LINK

14 FROM FIELD TO FORK, FOOD-BORNE PATHOGENS FINDAWAY

17 HOW DOES YOUR GARDEN GO?

20 DESPITE ENOUGH FOOD, HALF THE WORLD STILL GOING HUNGRY

Managing Problems Caused By Urban Canada Geese, A. L. Gosser, Michael R. Conover, Terry A. Messmer

Wildland Resources Faculty Publications

Canada geese (Branta canadensis) started nesting in urban areas during the past 50 years. Today, most urban areas in the U. S. and Canada support breeding populations of these birds. Many of these resident goose populations are the result of a successful effort by fish and wildlife agencies to restore populations of giant Canada goose (Branta canadensis maxima), which is the largest of the 11 races of Canada geese. Their large body mass enables them to survive colder temperatures; thus, they tend to winter as far north as open water can be found.

Evidence That Elevated C02 Levels And Indirectly Increase Rhizosphere Denitrifier Activity, John M. Stark, D. Smart, K. Ritchie, Bruce Bugbee

Biology Faculty Publications

We examined the influence of elevated CO2 concentration on denitrifier enzyme activity in wheat rhizoplanes by using controlled environments and solution culture techniques. Potential denitrification activity was from 3 to 24 times higher on roots that were grown under an elevated CO2 concentration of 1,000 micromoles of CO2 mol-1 than on roots grown under ambient levels of CO2. Nitrogen loss, as determined by a nitrogen mass balance, increased with elevated CO2 levels in the shoot environment and with a high NO3- concentration in the rooting zone. These results indicated that aerial CO2 concentration can play a role in rhizosphere denitrifier …

Bovine Respiratory Disease, Clell Bagley

All Current Publications

Disease of the respiratory tract is a major problem for cattle and it continues to cause serious economic losses for producers. Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) causes increased death losses as well as medication costs, labor, and lost production. Many different infectious agents may cause similar clinical signs. Multiple agents are often involved in the development of BRD.