Digital Commons Network^™

Morphological And Chemical Properties Of Plastic Residues In Composts, Charles R. Krause, Leona E. Horst, Harry A. J. Hoitink

Scanning Microscopy

The relative quantity of plastic film residues and other man-made materials in composts prepared from municipal solid wastes (MSW), biosolids, yard wastes, and pine bark was evaluated utilizing light and scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy dispersive X-ray analyzer. MSW composts screened through a 4 mm screen contained significant but highly variable quantities of plastic film residues and other man-made materials that escaped detection with the unaided eye. The other composts were free of such particles. We conclude that the database for evaluation of man-made materials in MSW composts is inadequate and must be developed further.

Marginalia No. 1, Merrill-Cazier Library

Marginalia

Vol. 1, Number 1 (Issue no. 1): Autumn issue 1996

WHAT ARE FRIENDS FOR?-An Introduction by Prof. William F. Lye

OF ATOMS AND BITS-John Needham, Editor, describes hopes for Marginalia

LIGHT PLUS TIME INCIDENT-Max Peterson on the SciTech Library

JUST BETWEEN FRIENDS-Spotlights Bob Parsons, Univ. Archivist in USU Special Collections

A LASTING GIFT-How to make a memorial gift to USU Libraries

TRAINS, PLANES, & AUTOMOBILES-Report on a recent gift of books from Prof. Arthur Frietzhe

A BOOKISH LEXICON-Various “book words”.

JOIN FRIENDS!-Full page insert w/reply envelope.

FRIENDS CALENDAR-Outlining the CollegeWise series, Arrington Lecture, & Fall Roundup Friends Meeting

Sharing Common Ground On Western Rangelands: Proceedings Of A Livestock/Big Game Symposium, Keith E. Evans, Intermountain Research Station, Usdsa Forest Service, U.S. Department Of Commerce, United States Department Of Agriculture, Forest Service

All U.S. Government Documents (Utah Regional Depository)

This proceedings includes 37 papers and posters presented at the "Sharing Common Ground" symposium. The information represents the progress made in livestock/big game management since the 1991 symposium with the theme of "Seeking Common Ground." The broad range of topics includes the rangeland resource, the science of livestock/big game interactions, the human dimension, and the success stories from the seeking common ground partnership demonstration projects.

12th Biennial Cheese Industry Conference, Various Authors

Cheese Industry Conference

No abstract provided.

Pre-Embedding Staining Of Single Muscle Fibers For Light And Electron Microscopy Studies Of Subcellular Organization, Evelyn Ralston, Thorkil Ploug

Scanning Microscopy

Skeletal muscle fibers are large, multinucleated cells which pose a challenge to the morphologist. In the course of studies of the distribution of the glucose transporter GLUT4, in muscle, we have compared different preparative procedures, for both light (LM) and electron microscopy (EM) immunocytochemistry. Here we show that pre-embedding staining of single teased fibers, or of single enzymatically dissociated fibers, has several advantages over the use of sections for observing discrete patterns that extend over long distances in the cells. We report on an optimization study carried out to establish fixation and permeabilization conditions for EM immunogold labeling of the …

Utah Science Vol. 57 No. 2, Summer 1996

Utah Science

2 CALLIPYGE: $100 MILLION BUTTS FIT IN THESE GENES

6 INTERNATIONAL STUDY FOCUSES ON METHOD OF SCRAPIE SPREAD

7 GREENVILLE FIELD DAY

12 LIVESTOCK DROPPINGS AID RANGELAND DIVERSITY

14 ADVANCES IN GENETIC ENGINEERING AID LIVESTOCK DISEASE RESISTANCE

16 SEEKING PLANTS WITH AN AFFINITY FOR METAL

17 SPICING UP DIETS CAN SPRUCE UP LIVESTOCK APPETITES

Common Epidermal Lesions Of The Bowhead Whale, Balaena Mysticetus, William G. Henk, Dianna L. Mullan

Scanning Microscopy

Samples of common skin abnormalities from 23 subsistence-harvested bowhead whales (Balaena mysticetus) were examined. Most lesions fell into three broad classes: shallow lacerations, circular depressions, and epidermal sloughing. Both circular depression lesions and epidermal sloughing lesions may be divided into more than one subgroup based on morphological criteria. Examination of each of the subgroups using light and scanning electron microscopy suggests relationships among the subgroups of a class. These proposed relationships are discussed, as are some possible etiologies. Scanning electron microscopy reveals abundant bacteria and diatoms present in association with each lesion class but no evidence of a particular association …

Low Calcium Diet In Hypercalciuric Calcium Nephrolithiasis: First Do No Harm, Bernhard Hess

Scanning Microscopy

Many studies indicate that up-regulated production of 1,25(OH)2-vitamin D3 (calcitriol) with increased intestinal absorption of calcium is the primary event causing idiopathic hypercalciuria. Thus, a low calcium diet appears to be a straightforward strategy in calcium stone formers with hypercalciuria (HCSF). However, the efficacy of such a regimen has never been established, and lowering calcium intake from 1000 to 400 mg/day further enhances calcitriol production. On a diet chronically restricted in calcium, many stone formers increase their intake of animal flesh protein. The latter is known to increase renal mass, and calcitriol levels indeed are positively correlated with renal mass …

Touch-Plate And Statolith Formation In Graviceptors Of Ephyrae Which Developed While Weightless In Space, Dorothy B. Spangenberg, Elisa Coccaro, Russell Schwarte, Brian Lowe

Scanning Microscopy

Ultrastructural studies of the statocysts and touch-plates of graviceptors (rhopalia) of Aurelia ephyrae revealed that (1) touch-plate hair cells are present; and (2) cytoplasmic strands from the hair cell bases extend from the neurite plexus to touch similar strands from the lithocytes. This close association of hair cell neurites and statocysts may have important implications regarding the transmitting and processing of positional information with respect to the gravity vector.

Graviceptors of ephyrae which developed while weightless in microgravity were compared with controls at the ultrastructural level. We found that hair cells of ephyrae which developed in microgravity had fewer lipid …

The Influence Of Bull Exposure And Bull Presence On Postpartum Reproductive Physiology And Behavior Of High-Producing Dairy Cows, Milan P. Shipka

Biology

Bull exposure has been shown to hasten the onset of estrous cyclicity in postpartum beef cattle but has not been examined in high producing dairy cattle. This investigation was carried out to examine effects of bull presence on postpartum reproductive characteristics in dairy cattle. Forty-five multiparous dairy cattle were randomly allocated into three groups at the time of calving. Treatments consisted of no bull exposure (NBE), twice daily bull exposure (2xdBE), and continuous bull exposure (CBE). Estrus detection was carried out for all groups for one-half hour twice daily following milking. Systemic progesterone (P₄) was determined from blood …

Utah State University Commencement, 1996 – Main Campus, Utah State University

Commencement Programs

103rd Annual Commencement of Utah State University

Influence Of Soil On Bioremediation Potential Of Phanerochaete Chrysosporium, Brian J. Tucker

Biology

Successful bioremediation in soils using Phanerochaete chrysosporium is determined by many soil factors. Several biotic and abiotic soil factors inhibited P. chrysosporium in the mineralization of pyrene when compared to a non-soil system. Inhibition of pyrene mineralization was also observed with layers of sterilized silt and clay but not sand. Two clays, bentonite and kaolinite, differentially sorbed and decreased the mineralization of pyrene. Four artificial sterile, nonorganic soils, made with different proportions of sand, silt, and clay, inhibited pyrene mineralization by P. chrysosporium. Both purified humic acid and manganese oxide significantly reduced the mineralization potential of P. chrysosporium. …

Anorexia Nervosa And Bulimia Nervosa: The Patients' Perspective, Benita J. Quackenbush

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Eating-disorder clients show low motivation, poor follow-through, and inordinate premature dropout rates in treatment. To date, little research has been conducted that might provide clinicians with an understanding of the critical factors that may aid clients' recovery. Such factors may be used by clinicians to better motivate clients to collaborate in treatment. The purpose of this study was to identify some of the critical factors that women with eating disorders believed were crucial in prompting or facilitating their recovery. Identification of these factors was accomplished through a systematic content analysis of semistructured interviews with recovered or recovering bulimics and anorexics. …

Recreation, At A Glance, Michelle A. Wilkins

Undergraduate Honors Capstone Projects

As Utah prepares to showcase its majestic landscapes worldwide during the 2002 Olympic Games, countless travelers continue to explore the state's splendor. Utah is famous for its land of many faces. From the red rock of Canyonland National Park to the snow-capped mountains along the Wasatch front, the state is rich in natural diversity. This diversity translates into a broad spectrum of recreational opportunities the state can offer. For instance, Utah's alpine and cross-country ski conditions are among the best in the world. In warm months, rigorous alpine and rock trails have earned Utah the reputation as the "bicycling capital …

The Effect Of A Nutrition And Fitness Program On The Dietary Habits, Fitness Level, And Health Status Of Ute Indian Youth, Alison K. Lemon

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Lifestyle changes from traditional diet and activities to modem diets high in fat and sugar, and sedentary habits have increased inherited health risk for diabetes and obesity among Native American youth. Nutrition education and physical activity programs have been recommended to help reduce health-risk factors. This study evaluated a summer nutrition education and fitness program for effectiveness in improving the dietary habits, nutrition knowledge, fitness level, and health status of American Indian children ages 9-14 living on or near the Uintah-Ouray Reservation in Uintah and Duchesne Counties of Eastern Utah.

A 6-week nutrition and fitness program was conducted through the …

No Evidence Of Linkage Between 35 Genetic Markers And The Spider Lamb Syndrome Gene In Sheep, Sarah Thornell South

Undergraduate Honors Capstone Projects

Spider Lamb Syndrome (SLS) is a semi-lethal congenital disorder affecting the Suffolk and Hampshire sheep breeds. The clinical manifestations of the syndrome include severe skeletal and muscular abnormalities with long, fine-boned legs, curvature of the spine and nasal septum, minimal muscling and severe muscle atrophy. The affected animals have a difficult time walking and most lambs do not survive past the first six months of life. A single autosomal recessive gene causes the disorder. Researchers believe the SLS gene arose as a single source mutation in a popular Suffolk blood line in the 1970s. Heterozygous carriers of the SLS gene …

Association Of The Major Histocompatibility Complex With Autism, Wayne W. Daniels

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The pathogenesis of autism has proven difficult to characterize. However, in many recent studies, it is suggested that the onset of this disorder is the result of multiple etiological factors, which include genetic, immunologic, and viral elements.

Possible immunological influences found in subpopulations of patients with autism include decreased lymphocyte responsiveness, reduced natural killer cell activity, abnormal response to rubella vaccine, abnormal immune response to brain tissue, and decreased plasma levels of the fourth component of complement(C4). These aberrations and others imply a possible autoimmune mechanism in some cases for the development of autism.

C4 deficiencies have been found in …

The Effect Of Housing And Food Expenditures On Diet Quality Of Low-Income Households In Salt Lake County, Rebecca Low

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

During a time of national and local debate over welfare reform, research is needed to determine the effectiveness of specific welfare programs and the impact on the lives of households participating in these programs. The objective of this study was to determine the effect housing and food expenditures have on the diet quality of low-income families. Participants for the study were drawn from government-subsidized housing rolls and housing assistance waiting lists. Diet quality was measured by 16 variables: percent RDA protein, fiber, vitamin A, vitamin C, iron, and calcium consumed; percent calories from protein, carbohydrates, fat, and alcohol; and the …

Evaluation Of Low-Quality Forages In A Winter Dietary Regimen Of Western White-Face Ewes Used For Milk Production, Raúl Meneses

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The evaluation of ammoniation of mature grass (1/3 Festuca sp, 1/3 Bromus and 1/3 Dactylis sp) as a basal diet for pregnant ewes and its effects on ruminal fermentation were studied. Ammoniation increased the forage dry matter intake (DMI), crude protein (CP), and gross energy digestibility. Ruminal pH and total volatile fatty acid were not affected by ammoniation (P > .05). Individual VFA concentrations were affected significantly.

In a third experiment, ammoniated wheat straw was evaluated as a basal diet for wintering pregnant ewes. Ammoniated straw replaced grass hay in the diet. Dry matter intake was not different (P > .05). Final …

A National Survey Of Training Practices Of Agencies Employing Home Visitors, Nicole Hawkins

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This study reports the characteristics of home visitor training based on the results of a national survey of nominated best practice home visiting programs that service children with disabilities and their families. Two hundred thirty-six programs were nominated by their state's director of Maternal-Child Health and/or their state's Part H Coordinator as community-based programs that have had success integrating home visiting services into their community's overall system of care for children eligible for Part H services and/or special health care needs. The return rate of the survey was 85%, and these 193 programs serve as the basis for this study. …

Anorexia Nervosa And Bulimia Nervosa: The Patients' Perspective, Benita J. Quakenbush

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Eating-disorder clients show low motivation, poor follow-through, and inordinate premature dropout rates in treatment. To date, little research has been conducted that might provide clinicians with an understanding of the critical factors that may aid clients' recovery. Such factors may be used by clinicians to better motivate clients to collaborate in treatment. The purpose of this study was to identify some of the critical factors that women with eating disorders believed were crucial in prompting or facilitating their recovery. Identification of these factors was accomplished through a systematic content analysis of semistructured interviews with recovered or recovering bulimics and anorexics. …

Risk Factors And Bulimia Outcomes In Adolescent Women: A Longitudinal And Retrospective Analysis, Therese Elizabeth Barnett

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The goal of the present study was to verify whether four purported risk factors predate the development of eating disorder symptoms, particularly bulimia nervosa. The four major purported risk factors for developing bulimia nervosa (and eating disorders in general) among female adolescents include: (a) over internalization of culture’s value of thinness in women, (b) inordinate dissatisfaction with body form, (c) depression, and (d) irrational beliefs and cognitions about thinness and the benefits of dieting. The present study involved a 5-year follow-up of adolescent girls initially identified as being either at high or low risk for developing an eating disorder, particularly …

The Effects Of Osmotic Potential On Ammonification, Immobilization, Nitrous Oxide Production, And Nitrification Rates In Penoyer Soil, Andrew P. Low

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

An isotopic dilution method was used to test the effects of osmotic potential, (𝛹_s), upon nitrification, ammonification, N-immobilization, and nitrous oxide production rates in soil at solute concentrations encountered in Penoyer soil. A nitrification potential assay was also performed to approximate maximum nitrification rates.

Nitrification potential rates in soil slurries exponentially declined in response to decreased osmotic potential. However, nitrification was independent of salt concentration at the ambient NH₄⁺ concentrations of the soil. The differential response was attributed to the variable NH_4⁺ substrate quantities. The effects of osmotic potential were secondary to NH_{4 …}

Acceptability And Proximate Composition Of Meat-Vegetable Sticks Versus All-Meat Sticks Adjusted To Ph 4.6 Or 5.2 With Citric Or Lactic Acids, Ronnald Dean Quinton

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

A new innovative product, stewsticks, made with beef, pork, spices, and dehydrated vegetables, was developed as a nutritious snack. Lactic or citric acid was added at pH 5.2 or 4.6 to both meatsticks and stewsticks. Meatsticks and stewsticks were prepared by mixing ingredients until a cohesive mass was obtained. This mixture was then extruded into sticks that were cooked to about 50% of original weight. Sticks were then cut to desired length, packaged, and stored. Then meatsticks (beef, pork, and spices) were compared to stewsticks for appearance, texture, flavor, and overall acceptability.

The stewsticks had excellent shelf life due to …

Survival Of Microorganisms On Meat Surfaces Treated With Ultra-High Temperatures, Bret Max Mattinson

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Sterile ceramic plates and the surface of beef steaks were inoculated with the pathogenic microorganisms Listeria monocytogenes, Campylobacter jejuni, Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium. Samples were also inoculated with nonpathogenic microorganisms Clostridium sporogenes ATCC 7955, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Bacillus stearothermophilus. Concentrations of organisms in the pure culture used to inoculate the samples were selected within the range of 10⁶ to 10⁸ colony forming units/ml (CFU/ml). Samples were treated with ultra-high temperature (UHT), and· the surviving organisms were recovered and counted. Meat samples were exposed to 1100°C for 22 seconds.

Beef steaks inoculated with pathogenic microorganisms had …

Manufacture, Shelf Stability, And Acceptability Of Aseptically Packaged, Unripened Soft Cheese Produced By Post-Ultra-High Temperature Acidulant Injection Of Ultrafiltered Milk Concentrate, Elena S. Moiseeva

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This study investigated the manufacturing procedures and texture attributes of direct acid set of an unripened, shelf-stable cheese variety produced by the combined technologies of ultrafiltration and ultra-high temperature processing. Product evaluation included physical and chemical properties such as gel strength, syneresis, pH, moisture, protein, and fat. Whole milk was concentrated by ultrafiltration to 30, 35, and 40% total solids. Milk retentate was ultra-high temperature-processed by preheating to 65 or 77°C, sterilized at 141°C for 4 s by direct steam injection, flash cooled to approximately 62 or 72°C, homogenized in two stages at either 13.8/2.1 or 27.6/4.1 MPa, cooled to …

Fats And Iron In The Rat Colon: Effects On Lipid Peroxidation, Ji Jenny Chin

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Preliminary studies were undertaken to investigate whether or not added iron (0, 35, 880 ppm of iron as ferrous fumarate) and fat type (corn oil, beef tallow, or menhaden oil) influenced the oxidation of the rat diet during storage. Iron level affected thiobarbituric acid (TBA) values only in the menhaden oil diets. Storage for 4 d did not affect TBA values of the diets. Neither food intake nor body weight of the rats was affected by the different diets, suggesting all diets were equally acceptable to rats.

The effects of iron supplementation and fat type on in vivo lipid peroxidation …

Microbiological And Sensory Effects Of Milk Processed For Extended Shelf Life And The Development Of Rapid Methods To Quantitate Spores And Lipase Activity, Michael R. Blake

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The initial aim of this work was to evaluate processing conditions for extended shelf life (ESL) milk to have a shelf life at refrigeration temperature of 60 d. Milk was processed on a pilot-scale ultra-high-temperature processing plant and evaluated for microbial and sensory quality over 60 d at 7°C storage. Results of this study showed that lower process temperatures were preferable to minimize cooked flavors and that the minimum safe processing temperature was 134°C for 4 s as determined by the destruction of bacterial spores in the processed milk.

Consumer preference panel results indicated that consumers preferred milk processed at …

A Comparative Study Of The Oxygen Uptake Between Nonmotorized And Motorized Treadmills, Michael S. Wood

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of nonmotorized treadmill walking and motorized treadmill walking on VO₂ results, measured in ml•kg^-1•min^-1, of males and females, ages 20-30 at Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA. The participants were required to walk at a pace of 3 miles per hour and 13% grade for a total exercise time of 9 minutes. The exercise time was broken up with 3-minute recovery periods. Oxygen uptake was measured continuously using a metabolic measurement cart. The data obtained from the metabolic cart were correlated for each treadmill to …

An Ecological History Of Tintic Valley, Juab County, Utah, Jeffrey A. Creque

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This work was a case study of historical ecological change in Tintic Valley, Juab County, Utah, an area historically impacted by mining and ranching activities common to much of the American West. The temporal framework for the study was approximately 120 years, the period of direct Euroamerican influence. In recognition of the ecological implications of cultural change, however, the impacts of prehistoric and protohistoric human activity on study area landscape patterns and processes were also explicitly addressed.

The study included a narrative description of historic land uses and ecological change in Tintic Valley, and examined the changes in landscape patterns …