Digital Commons Network^™

Response Of Breeding Birds To Commercial Clearcutting Of Aspen In Southwestern Colorado [Usa], V.E. Scott, G.L. Crouch

Aspen Bibliography

Breeding birds on an aspen forest in southwestern Colorado increased in species diversity after 25% of the timber sale area forest was clearcut in patches of 3 to 20 acres. Bird population density on the forest with clearcuts was not significantly different from that on an uncut forest. Of the 20 species evaluated, six were more and one was less abundant than on the uncut forest.

The Normal Structure Of Regional Feline Gastric Mucosae: Scanning Electron Microscopic Study, M. Al-Tikriti, F. Al-Bagdadi, R. W. Henry, J. Hoskins, C. Titkemeyer, G. Strain

Scanning Microscopy

Regions of cat's stomach can be identified by looking at the surface epithelial cells by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The luminal surface of cells of the cardiac region were elongated, of the fundus rounded, of the corpus polygonal shaped, and of the pyloric region diamond shaped. The quantity and distribution of microvilli covering the epithelial cells varies, being abundant and evenly distributed in the cardiac region and gradually decreasing in number toward the gastro-duodenal junction, where they were confined to cell perimeters. The colliculi varied in shape and distribution from few in the fundus and corpus to numerous in the …

Microvascular Corrosion Casting Of The Lung. A State-Of-The-Art Review, Dean E. Schraufnagel

Scanning Microscopy

Corrosion casting and viewing of replicas with the scanning electron microscope is an excellent way to study the microvascular structure of the lung. This method can demonstrate aspects of the three-dimensional relationships, branching patterns, maximum diameters, arterio-venous connections, unusual sized and shaped capillaries, development and growth, neovascular structures and changes in development and disease better than any other means. Comparisons can be made in many experimental conditions and fundamental information obtained to answer physiologic questions. This paper reviews how the lung microvasculature has been studied by corrosion casting and scanning electron microscopy and indicates new areas where investigation might be …

Exposure Of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells For Analysis With The Scanning Electron Microscope, Bryan G. Miller, Andrew P. Evan, H. Glenn Bohlen

Scanning Microscopy

There has been interest in using the scanning electron microscope (SEM) to study the structure of tissues obscured by other cellular or non-cellular elements almost since the SEM was first used to examine biological tissues. Such interest includes the vessel wall and, in particular, the vascular smooth muscle cells. This paper presents a review of the three basic methodologies that have been employed to allow examination of the vascular smooth muscle, 1) blunt dissection, 2) digestion and 3) microdissection. Discussion of other perivascular elements was not a focus of this review. Also presented is the application of these different methodologies …

Secretory Ameloblasts And Calcium Distribution During Normal And Experimentally Altered Mineralization, S. H. Ashrafi, Dale R. Eisenmann, A. E. Zaki

Scanning Microscopy

The distribution of calcium in relation to secretory ameloblasts of the rat incisor was studied. An experimental model system in which enamel mineralization was temporarily inhibited by injecting sodium fluoride and cobalt chloride was used. Potassium pyroantimonate (PPA) cytochemistry, electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS), and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS) were used to clarify the role of the ameloblast in controlling calcium distribution during normal and experimentally altered enamel mineralization.

Secretory ameloblasts chemically-preserved in glutaraldehyde either with or without PPA were analyzed for calcium; those preserved with PPA showed higher concentrations of calcium than did those preserved with glutaraldehyde only. …

Effects Of Fractionated Irradiation On The Esophageal Mucosa: A Scanning And Transmission Electron Microscopic Study, M. Albertsson, C-H Hakansson, C. Mercke, H. Morner

Scanning Microscopy

The mucosa of rabbit esophagus was irradiated with daily fractions of 2 Gy to an accumulated dose of 20 Gy. Specimens were taken for scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and light microscopy investigations. Examination was made 1-10 days after each fractionation schedule. Light microscopy showed dose-dependent edema of the irradiated mucosa which also could be seen and scored from SEM pictures. SEM investigations showed that this was accompanied by loosening of microridges and a slightly increased cell loss. By SEM, a varying amount of bacteria could be seen which did not make intimate contact with the surface cells.

During …

Effects Of Cis-Dichlorodiammineplatinum Alone And In Combination With Ionizing Radiation On The Esophageal Mucosa: A Scanning And Transmission Electron Microscopic Study, M. Albertsson, C-H Hakansson, C. Mercke

Scanning Microscopy

Cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum (cis-DDP) has for more than 20 years been part of the therapeutic arsenal of oncology. Most of the knowledge about its biological action is based on clinical investigations and therefore an examination of the influence of cis-DDP at the cellular and sub-cellular level is necessary. Five mg of cis-DDP was given intraperitoneally (i.p.) to ten rabbits. Ultrastructural examinations were performed on the upper and lower parts of the esophagus each day after the injection on the following ten days. Another 50 rabbits were given 5 mg cis-DDP and were irradiated in an area just beneath the hypopharynx. They were …

Scanning Electron Microscopy Of Vertebrate Cerebellar Cortex, Orlando J. Castejón

Scanning Microscopy

In this study, the Golgi method for light microscopy, transmission and conventional scanning electron microscopy, the ethanol-cryofracturing technique, the freeze-fracture method for SEM, and the freeze-etching method have been used in conjunction to analyze the three-dimensional cytoarchitectonic arrangement and intracortical circuits of vertebrate cerebellar cortex. Approximately more than 100 specimens of mice, rat, teleost fishes and human cerebelli were processed by the above mentioned techniques. A chronological review of other methods for studying hidden surfaces of cerebellar nerve cell has been also described. The three-dimensional morphology, outer and inner surfaces of granule, Golgi, Purkinje and stellate cells were reviewed by …

Ultrastructure Of Spermatozoa From Domesticated Birds: Comparative Study Of Turkey, Chicken And Guinea Fowl, R. J. Thurston, R. A. Hess

Scanning Microscopy

Typical for non-passerine birds, the spermatozoa of the turkey, chicken and guinea fowl were vermiform with a maximum width of 0.5-0. 7μm and lengths of 90μm for chicken sperm, and 75-80μm for those of the turkey and guinea. An acrosome, nucleus, midpiece and flagellum could be distinguished by SEM.

The acrosomal cap projected over a perforatorium surrounded by granular material. At its base, the cap encircled apical projections of the nucleus. The nucleus consisted of dense chromatin, and formed a concave implantation fossa where it joined the midpiece of the tail. For turkey and chicken spermatozoa, the neck region of …

Utah Science Vol. 48 No. 2, Summer 1987

Utah Science

66 SO WHAT? C. Elmer Clark

69 BIOLOGY DEPARTMENT

74 SOIL SCIENCE & BIOMETEOROLOGY DEPARTMENT

81 THE UTAH AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION: SCIENCE SERVING AGRICULTURE A review of Experiment Station research facilities and services.

97 FAMILY & HUMAN DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT

99 ECONOMICS DEPARTMENT

104 AGRICULTURAL & IRRIGATION ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

106 SOCIOLOGY, SOCIAL WORK & ANTHROPOLOGY DEPARTMENT

108 FISHERIES & WILDLIFE DEPARTMENT

110 RANGE SCIENCE DEPARTMENT

X-Ray Microanalysis Of Cells In Suspension And The Application Of This Technique To The Study Of The Thymus Gland, A. Warley

Scanning Microscopy

Although X-ray microanalysis has become a well established technique in the study of tissues there are still relatively few papers reporting results from cells in culture. Our early investigations on freshly isolated murine thymocytes reported higher than expected concentrations of Na and Cl in these cells but subsequent studies have shown that these high concentrations are artefactual. Rat thymocytes that have been isolated and incubated for a short time to allow them to recover from the isolation procedure have lower concentrations of Na and Cl. Sections prepared from pellets of cells which have been concentrated by centrifugation in a microhaematocrit …

Expert Potentiometric Surface Modification For Groundwater Contaminant Management, R. L. Ward, Richard C. Peralta, J. R. Brashar

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications

An expert system is linked to an previously reported optimization program. The expert system prompts the user for information about a groundwater contamination problem. The expert system determines whether pumping is a suitable containment strategy. If appropriate. it selects several well arrangements to be evaluated by an optimization algorithm.

Adherent Platelets And Surface Microthrombi Of The Human Aorta And Left Coronary Artery: A Scanning Electron Microscopy Feasibility Study, B. O. Spurlock, A. B. Chandler

Scanning Microscopy

As part of a feasibility phase of an investigator-initiated multicenter NIH supported study on the Pathobiological Determinants of Athero-sclerosis in Youth (PDAY), we report observations on microthrombi and adherent platelets on the intima of the aorta and left anterior descending coronary artery. The long-term objective of this cooperative study is to define more precisely the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis during late childhood and early adulthood and to investigate the influence of selected risk factors known to be associated with clinically manifest disease in later life. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was utilized to survey broad areas of arterial intima. Of 109 specimens …

Scanning Electron Microscopy Of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells From Rat Muscular Arteries, William J. Krizmanich, Robert M. K. W. Lee

Scanning Microscopy

The use of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for the examination of medial smooth muscle cells (SMC) is limited by the presence of connective tissue mass in the adventitia obscuring the detailed structure of the SMC. This study deals with the description of a method which selectively removes the connective tissue, allowing three dimensional observation of SMC using SEM. A number of methods were tried. One method involving post fixation with 2% Os0₄ used in conjunction with HCl proved most successful in removing the extracellular matrix of large mesenteric arteries from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and age-matched Wistar-Kyoto normotensive rats …

Preservation Of In Vivo Morphology Of Blood Vessels For Morphometric Studies, Robert M. K. W. Lee

Scanning Microscopy

Preservation of in vivo morphology of the blood vessels is important for morphometric studies. With each fixation method (e.g., immersion fixation, perfusion fixation), there are inherent pitfalls which can easily distort vessel wall morphology, thereby creating artifacts. Alteration of the vessel wall cell volume due to tissue preparation is another common source for errors. Selection of proper morphometric protocols for comparative studies is crucial. Lack of attention in these areas is a cause of confusion and contradiction in the literature. In this review, the merits of various commonly used methods for vessel wall preparation and measurements are discussed.

Morphological Changes In The Vestibular Epithelia And Ganglion Induced By Ototoxic Drug, K. Sera, Y. Harada, N. Tagashira, M. Suzuki, K. Hirakawa, T. Ohya

Scanning Microscopy

The morphological changes of the vestibular sensory epithelia and the vestibular ganglions induced by Gentamicin (GM) were investigated using scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope and light microscope.

The guinea pigs were injected with a single application of 4 mg (0.1ml) of GM into the middle ear through the tympanic membrane. The vestibular organs and the ganglions were observed up to 6 months after the treatment. Four days after the injection, fused, ballooned and missing cilia were observed in the vestibular sensory epithelia. These changes progressed and extended toward the periphery of the crista and the macula. The changes of …

Anatomical Basis Of Sperm-Storage In The Avian Oviduct, M. R. Bakst

Scanning Microscopy

The anatomical basis of oviductal sperm-storage in the avian oviduct is the sperm-storage tubule (SST). In the turkey this is composed of a simple columnar epithelium characterized by a supranuclear vacuole, which possibly contains lipid material, and appears to differentiate from the oviductal surface epithelium prior to full sexual maturation. Turkey SST epithelium was periodic-acid Schiff-negative and failed to bind four of the five lectins examined. Only winged pea agglutinin, which has an affinity for fucose-containing glycosidic residues, bound to some individual SST epithelial cells. Short-term cultures of oviductal mucosae containing SST showed aggregates of sperm associated with the spaces …

The Effects Of Low Doses Of Ionizing Radiation Upon The Micromorphology And Functional State Of Cell Surface, Z. Somosy, Tamara Kubasova, G. J. Köteles

Scanning Microscopy

The cellular membrane as one of the targets of ionizing radiation might play an important role in the development and modification of radiation-induced alterations after low doses. The present paper reviews the micromorphological and functional changes of plasma membranes of irradiated blood and cultured cells with special emphasis on the surface conditions: lectin binding, negative surface charges. The review is completed by our own studies on distribution of positive surface charges and the bindings of two lectins, the Concanavalin A and the wheat germ agglutinin. It was found that the decrease of negative surface charges is unconcomitant with appearance of …

Identification Of Non-Denuding Endothelial Injury By Scanning Electron Microscopy, M. Richardson, A. Parbtani

Scanning Microscopy

Endothelial injury is important in the development of arterial disease. To examine the response to endothelial injury it is necessary to recognise if endothelium has been altered and how this relates to normal function. Of the several methods available to evaluate endothelial integrity, ultrastructural examination has certain advantages. In particular, scanning electron microscopy of the endothelium will permit large areas to be examined, and changes can be related to the overall anatomy of the vessel.

There is good evidence that endothelial injury does not inevitably result in endothelial cell loss and denudation of the subendothelium, but that endothelial cells can …

Endothelialization Of A New Dacron Graft In An Experimental Model: Light Microscopy, Electron Microscopy And Immunocytochemistry, G. Pasquinelli, P. Preda, T. Curti, M. D'Addato, R. Laschi

Scanning Microscopy

Two types of synthetic vascular grafts, Dacron Triaxial and Dacron Gelseal Triaxial, were implanted into both the common carotids of sheep. The animals were sacrificed 1, 2, 8, and 16 weeks after surgery. Multiple specimens, obtained from grafts and anastomoses, were studied by light microscopy, transmission and scanning electron microscopy. A parallel immunocytochemical analysis was performed on some specimens. Dacron Triaxial grafts failed to develop a complete neointimal coverage. Myofibroblasts and fibroblasts were the dominant cells in such synthetic graft. Moreover, focal areas of stripping, platelet deposition, and thrombosis were observed at 8 and 16 weeks.

In contrast, a stable …

Identification Of Actinobacillus Spp Cell-Surface Antigens Using Monoclonal Antibodies, Kall S. Symons

Undergraduate Honors Capstone Projects

Though a senior project is required for graduation from U.S.U. with the Honors Program, there are no written guidelines describing the requirements of a U.S.U. Honors Senior Project. This proposal seeks to show how the present research project from the College of Agriculture should meet the intended project requirements of the Honors Director.

The Effects Of Hypoxia On Sensory Cells Of The Cochlea In Chinchilla, M. Shirane, R. V. Harrison

Scanning Microscopy

The effects of hypoxia on the sensory epithelium of the cochlea were investigated in the chinchilla. Systemic hypoxia was produced by increasing the dead space of the respiratory tidal volume.

A disarrangement of hair-cell stereocilia, and cytoplasmic protrusions from sensory cells are the main findings in cochleas from hypoxic animals; these changes take place firstly at the inner hair-cells then, with the increase in degree of hypoxia, at the outer hair-cells.

These degenerative changes of sensory cells correlate well with both respiratory suppression and with the elevation of auditory threshold to click stimulation as monitored using the compound action potential …

Scanning Electron Microscopic Observations Of The Canine Inner Ear, R. J. Mount, R. V. Harrison

Scanning Microscopy

The sensory epithelia of the inner ear of the dog have been investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The surface appearance of the cristae ampullares of the semicircular canals and of the macula utriculi are very similar to other mammalian species. The crista ampullaris of the anterior vertical semicircular canal is divided by a non-sensory septum cruciatum, found in cats and rats but not, for example, in man. The vestibular sensory cells possess two distinct types of stereocilia, one is thick and rigid appearing, the other is thin and limp. Neither type of stereocilium is restricted to a particular hair …

Immunogold Localization Of Intra- And Extra-Cellular Proteins And Polysaccharides Of Plant Cells, Stuart Craig, Patricia J. Moore, Terri G. Dunahay

Scanning Microscopy

This paper illustrates post-embedding immunogold labelling of protein and polysaccharide molecules of plant cells. For EM studies, one is restricted (for most plant cells) to the post-embedding approach because the surrounding cell wall prevents access of antibodies (and secondary gold-tagged markers) to internal sites. The large size of many plant cells also does not lend itself to diffusional entry of antibodies. The molecules localized include seed storage proteins that are large and present in major quantities, a smaller less abundant, water soluble albumin, an oxygen-binding protein, components of the photosynthetic electron transport chain, and complex sugars from the cell wall. …

Low Temperature Techniques In Biomedical Microanalysis, Romuald Wróblewski, Joanna Wroblewski, Godfried M. Roomans

Scanning Microscopy

Many diseases are associated with a change in the distribution of diffusible ions at the cell or tissue level. These diseases can profitably be studied by X-ray microanalysis. This technique for the study of ion distribution requires the use of cryoprepared specimens. Analysis at low or medium resolution can be carried out on thick or semi-thick cryosections, or on frozen-hydrated or freeze-dried embedded bulk samples. Such analyses are particularly useful in the initial stages of an investigation, or when many data from a large number of samples have to be acquired. Quantitative analysis is then usually carried out with the …

Endotoxin: A Twofold Effect On Bone Marrow Ultrastructure, T. Hirahata, D. Bjorkman, J. K. Chamberlain

Scanning Microscopy

Ultrastructural studies of mouse bone marrow reveal that reduction of the marrow-blood barrier precedes the two waves of leukocytosis which follow endotoxin administration. These ultrastructural changes include a decrease in adventitial cover of the marrow sinus wall, an increase in sinus circumference, and a decrease in endothelial cell overlap. The marrow-blood barrier changes which precede the first wave of leukocytosis are transient and are associated with depletion of marrow granulocytes. The changes that precede the second wave of leukocytosis 5 to 6 days later are more sustained and are associated with marked granulocyte hyperplasia. We suggest that endotoxin has two …

The Morphological Changes In The Vestibular Sensory Epithelia Following Electrical Stimulation, K. Hirakawa, Y. Harada, N. Tagashira, M. Suzuki, Y. Sugata

Scanning Microscopy

The morphological changes of the vestibular sensory epithelia of the guinea pig following electrical stimulation were investigated using scanning electron microscope.

Positive and negative square wave pulse stimulation was given through a silver ball electrode placed on the round window membrane for one hour. The current intensities used were 100, 200 and 300 𝛍A.

While the direct current stimulation at intensities of 100 or 200 𝛍A did not cause any significant changes, severe damage of the utricular macula and the ampullar crista of the lateral semicircular canal was observed at 300 𝛍A. The degenerative changes such as fusion of sensory …

Mechanism Of Action Of Syringomycin On The Red Beet Plasma Membrane, Ashok P. Bidwai

Biology

Syringomycin is a peptide toxin produced by the phytopathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv syringae. It is a major virulence factor produced by this organism and is involved in the development of a number of destructive plant diseases. Syringomycin preferentially stimulated the vanadate sensitive ATPase associated with the plasma membrane of red beet. The stimulation of ATPase activity was not due to a collapse of the ion gradients or to a detergent like breakdown of the membranes. Ionophores did not affect the stimulation of ATPase activity. Deoxycholate eliminated the ability of the toxin to stimulate ATPase activity, and the Zwittergent 3-14 …

The Effects Of Temperature Tempering And Transport Stress On Rainbow Trout (Salmo Gairdneri), Kevin Dee Christopherson

Biology

The effects of capture, handling, and the high fish density of transport were compared with the added stressor of a temperature change or a brief hypoxic period. Temperatures from 5°C to 19°C were tested on fish acclimated to 14°C. The effects of a 30 minute and 60 minute temper were compared with a sudden temperature change. Plasma osmolality, plasma chloride, plasma glucose and hematocrit, all responded to the handling and simulated transport. Numbers of circulating lymphocytes were greatly reduced and numbers of erythocytes increased. The mean corpuscular volume of the erythocytes also declined over a 24 hour period. Leucocrit, thrombocyte …

Utah State University Commencement, 1987 – Main Campus, Utah State University

Commencement Programs

Ninety-Fourth Annual Commencement of Utah State University