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A Generational Cohort Comparison Of Endurance Sport Participant Involvement, Jason A. Rice
A Generational Cohort Comparison Of Endurance Sport Participant Involvement, Jason A. Rice
Journal of Applied Sport Management
While traditional team sport participation numbers are unstable, trends indicate individual endurance event participation is moving in the opposite direction. Simultaneously, Generation Y, North America's largest teen population in history, is entering its wealth accumulation stage. In an effort to understand more about this group and their potential influence on such trends, the purpose of the current study was to investigate involvement of endurance event participants within the Generation Y cohort and a comparison group of older generational cohorts. This research has applied an approach, whereby use of quantitative methods was utilized for sample selection and description, while qualitative methods …
Deconstructing The Draft: An Evaluation Of The Nfl Draft As A Predictor Of Team Success, Zachary Reynolds, Traci Bonds, Steele Thompson, Carrie W. Lecrom
Deconstructing The Draft: An Evaluation Of The Nfl Draft As A Predictor Of Team Success, Zachary Reynolds, Traci Bonds, Steele Thompson, Carrie W. Lecrom
Journal of Applied Sport Management
The purpose of this investigation was to determine if the National Football League's (NFL) draft selection process aids in equalizing competitive advantage for NFL teams. This reverse order system (the draft) is said to equalize team strength by allowing weaker teams to strengthen their rosters with access to the best incoming players (Lock & Gratz, 1983). To measure this success, authors evaluated the correlation between a team's change in winning percentage and its Draft Pick Value (DPV), number of first-round picks, and total number of picks. Findings indicate a moderate positive correlation between DPV and change in winning percentage, and …
A Comparative Analysis Of Factors Influencing Spectatorship Of Disability Sport: A Qualitative Inquiry And Next Steps, Michael Cottingham, Brian Gearity, Andrew Goldsmith, Wonyoung Kim, Matt Walker
A Comparative Analysis Of Factors Influencing Spectatorship Of Disability Sport: A Qualitative Inquiry And Next Steps, Michael Cottingham, Brian Gearity, Andrew Goldsmith, Wonyoung Kim, Matt Walker
Journal of Applied Sport Management
To effectively market a sport event, it is necessary to determine the factors that influence spectator attendance. While a developed line of inquiry exists on the marketing of able-bodied sports, a gap in the literature exists in the disability sport context. Thus, there is a need to examine the synergy between existing motives that have been confirmed in traditional sport versus those that are unique to disability sport. This line of inquiry will help future researchers determine whether additional factors should be considered when marketing disability sport. The purpose of this study was to qualitatively explore the explicit and tacit …
Still Undefeated: Exploring The Dimensions Of Team Identity Among Fans Of A New College Football Team, Bob Heere Heere, Matthew Katz
Still Undefeated: Exploring The Dimensions Of Team Identity Among Fans Of A New College Football Team, Bob Heere Heere, Matthew Katz
Journal of Applied Sport Management
The authors explore issues of team and university identification in the context of an upstart National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) football program. University stakeholders, including students, faculty/staff, and alumni (N=3,191), of a large southwest university completed a multidimensional group identity scale to examine how these various stakeholder groups identify with both the university and the newly established team. Results indicate that these stakeholders largely disagreed with many of the identity constructs, indicating that the various processes of identity formation occur at different points in time. Furthermore, differences among the three stakeholder groups were identifies in regards to their identification with …
The Effect Of Fans’ Attitudes On Sponsorship Outcomes: Evidence From An Exploratory Study In Greece, Pantelis Nassis, Nicholas D. Theodorakis, Yannis Afthinos, Haralambos Kolybalis
The Effect Of Fans’ Attitudes On Sponsorship Outcomes: Evidence From An Exploratory Study In Greece, Pantelis Nassis, Nicholas D. Theodorakis, Yannis Afthinos, Haralambos Kolybalis
Journal of Applied Sport Management
This study examines the effect of sport involvement and fans’ beliefs about sponsorship on certain sponsorship outcomes in the context of professional basketball. Quantitative data were collected from a survey of 222 spectators attending a professional basketball game in Greece. A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was employed to examine the validity of the scale. Overall, the examination of the structural parameters indicated that attitude towards sponsors was significantly predicted by sport involvement and beliefs about sponsorship, while it significantly predicted purchase intentions, word of mouth, and fans’ satisfaction from the use of sponsor’s products.
A Case Study Of Regional Sport Organization Development In Triathlon, Andrew J. Martin, Andrea N. Eagleman, Petr Pancoska
A Case Study Of Regional Sport Organization Development In Triathlon, Andrew J. Martin, Andrea N. Eagleman, Petr Pancoska
Journal of Applied Sport Management
The current qualitative case study examined how a Regional Sport Organization (RSO) in New Zealand dealt with macro and micro environmental pressures in the development and evolution of increasing participation in the sport of triathlon over a 15-year period. Organizers managed a total participation increase from 300 adult participants in 1999 to close to 1,200 in 2012–13. An increase in child participants from 300 in 2004 to 3,400 in 2012–13 also took place. Archives of the results of the respective adult and children’s series of triathlon events from 1998–2013 were analyzed along with the environmental pressures. The findings indicated that …
Sport Fans And Online Data Collection: Challenges And Ethics, Brody J. Ruihley, Robin Hardin
Sport Fans And Online Data Collection: Challenges And Ethics, Brody J. Ruihley, Robin Hardin
Journal of Applied Sport Management
The growth of online communities and social networking has provided opportunities to investigate sport fans from a wide range of perspectives. Motivations to consume online media and engage in interactive web functions are areas providing new and innovative research opportunities. There are several ethical considerations when conducting research in an online environment. This article discusses four major ethical values of honesty, responsibility, justice, and beneficence and how each relates to online data collection. Specifically, these four values will guide the discussion focused on issues of intrusion, interaction, and invitation in online communication contexts. Researchers and administrators must consider fans and …
Marketing Stadiums As Event Venues: Modified Balanced Scorecard (Mbsc) Evaluation Of Minor League Baseball Websites As An Emarketing Tool, Charles Parrish, Seungwon "Shawn" Lee, Ji-Ho Kim
Marketing Stadiums As Event Venues: Modified Balanced Scorecard (Mbsc) Evaluation Of Minor League Baseball Websites As An Emarketing Tool, Charles Parrish, Seungwon "Shawn" Lee, Ji-Ho Kim
Journal of Applied Sport Management
Maximizing and gaining access to stadium related revenue streams, including non-game day social and corporate event rentals, is a critical factor for the financial viability of professional sports teams. Minor League Baseball (MiLB) teams and Independent baseball league (Indy) teams are no exception and franchise owners strive to maximize ancillary business opportunities, including stadium usage year-round. Currently, teams are marketing their venues through various mediums, including their websites. Considering the implications of eMarketing on MiLB and Indy teams’ ability to target and solicit social and corporate event customers it is critical to evaluate current eMarketing efforts. This study employs the …
Sport Website Interactivity Effects: An Analysis Of The Relationships Between Interactivity, Attitudes, And Intentions To Revisit, Young Ik Suh, Taesoo Ahn, Paul M. Pedersen
Sport Website Interactivity Effects: An Analysis Of The Relationships Between Interactivity, Attitudes, And Intentions To Revisit, Young Ik Suh, Taesoo Ahn, Paul M. Pedersen
Journal of Applied Sport Management
The purpose of this study was to examine the theoretical relationships between three dimensions of interactivity (i.e., active user control, two-way communication, and real-time information) and website effectiveness variables (i.e., attitudes toward the sport website and intentions to revisit). In addition, this study compared the proposed interactivity model with a rival model to identify the role of attitude as a mediating factor. The Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analysis with a convenience sample of 235 participants revealed that the proposed interactivity model performed better and was more parsimonious than the rival model. The results also indicated that the variable relating to …
Understanding Baseball Consumption Via In-Home Gaming, Joey Gawrysiak, Brendan Dwyer, Rick Burton
Understanding Baseball Consumption Via In-Home Gaming, Joey Gawrysiak, Brendan Dwyer, Rick Burton
Journal of Applied Sport Management
Baseball in-home gaming has evolved and expanded from the age of wooden tabletop or cardboard games with spinners and/or dice to the advent of electronic gaming via analytically advanced fantasy baseball leagues and baseball video games. Video games, a new form of social media, are now a multibillion-dollar a year industry in the United States with children, teens, and adults spending significant portions of time playing video simulations of baseball. Baseball video games have consistently evolved to offer highly realistic graphics including visuals and sounds that encourage modern in-home gamers to spend longer times playing. This work aims to shed …
Social Media Platforms’ Use In Building Stakeholder Relationships: The Case Of National Sport Organizations, Gashaw Abeza, Norm O'Reilly
Social Media Platforms’ Use In Building Stakeholder Relationships: The Case Of National Sport Organizations, Gashaw Abeza, Norm O'Reilly
Journal of Applied Sport Management
Social media has been widely touted by the popular media as an ideal tool to develop and sustain positive relationships between an organization and its stakeholders through the creation of dialogue. This research explores the validity of this claim via relationship marketing theory. The specific goal was to investigate how National Sport Organizations (NSOs) use their official Facebook and Twitter pages to create relationship dialogue with their stakeholders. A content analysis was conducted on the official Twitter and Facebook pages of 24 Canadian NSOs, and three hypotheses were tested. Results are contrary to the claims of those promoting social media, …
Management Whitepaper: The Introduction And Application Of Sports Analytics In Professional Sport Organizations: A Case Study Of The Tampa Bay Lightning, Michael Mondello, Christopher Kamke
Management Whitepaper: The Introduction And Application Of Sports Analytics In Professional Sport Organizations: A Case Study Of The Tampa Bay Lightning, Michael Mondello, Christopher Kamke
Journal of Applied Sport Management
Research Problem The purpose of this paper is to share best practices of how one professional sports organization, the Tampa Bay Lightning, has successfully integrated analytics within several departments to help management make business-related decisions. This paper introduces and applies a timely topic impacting professional sport organizations—sports analytics. Although analytics have been used for player personnel decisions related to paying, acquiring, and retaining talent, teams have also begun using analytics as a tool to assist with ticket pricing, product demand, scheduling, sponsorship ROI, Customer Relationship Management (CRM), and other financial/managerial applications. Therefore, this paper would likely be useful to stakeholders …
The Introduction And Application Of Sports Analytics In Professional Sport Organizations, Michael Mondello, Christopher Kamke
The Introduction And Application Of Sports Analytics In Professional Sport Organizations, Michael Mondello, Christopher Kamke
Journal of Applied Sport Management
While professional sports organizations continue to seek techniques to augment their on-field success, the growth of sports analytics has concurrently become increasingly competitive and complex. However, despite these recent developments and availability of data, much of the information shared between organizations, academicians, and practitioners is often limited and anecdotal. In this paper, we sought to provide a brief overview of analytics and subsequently share several best practice examples of how one National Hockey League (NHL) franchise, the Tampa Bay Lightning, integrates analytical techniques into several core business entities. An organizational emphasis on Customer Relationship Management (CRM) provides management with valuable …
Management Whitepaper: An Audience Interpretation Of Professional Athlete Self-Presentation On Twitter, Katie Lebel, Karen Danylchuk
Management Whitepaper: An Audience Interpretation Of Professional Athlete Self-Presentation On Twitter, Katie Lebel, Karen Danylchuk
Journal of Applied Sport Management
Research Problem The purpose of this paper is to explore audience interest in the self-presentation strategies of professional athletes on Twitter and ascertain the self-presentation strategies that are perceived as most important to an athlete’s digital image. This research is important because it indicates not only what Twitter users are interested in, but also what types of content potential non-users might be enticed by. The study offers evidence of broad Twitter awareness among a varied demographic of sport consumers and suggests that sport fans may not be as interested in the personal details of their favourite athletes’ lives as previously …
Examining The Development Of A Social Media Strategy For A National Sport Organisation A Case Study Of Tennis New Zealand, Ashleigh-Jane Thompson, Andrew J. Martin, Sarah Gee, Andrea N. Eagleman
Examining The Development Of A Social Media Strategy For A National Sport Organisation A Case Study Of Tennis New Zealand, Ashleigh-Jane Thompson, Andrew J. Martin, Sarah Gee, Andrea N. Eagleman
Journal of Applied Sport Management
The application of technology and the rise in social media has not gone unnoticed in sports and has become a vital tool for sport marketers as sport consumers’ media consumption grows. This paper offers an analysis on the development and maintenance of a social media strategy for a National Sport Organisation (NSO) in New Zealand. This initiative, implemented for Tennis New Zealand (TNZ) in 2010, was conducted to provide a minority sport (in terms of mainstream media) with its first online social media presence. This study involved a qualitative and quantitative analysis of Tennis New Zealand’s (TNZ) development and maintenance …
Sharing Is Caring: An Exploration Of Motivations For Social Sharing And Locational Social Media Usage Among Sport Fans, Galen Clavio, Evan Frederick
Sharing Is Caring: An Exploration Of Motivations For Social Sharing And Locational Social Media Usage Among Sport Fans, Galen Clavio, Evan Frederick
Journal of Applied Sport Management
The purpose of this study was to examine motivations for social sharing and using locational social media within the framework of uses and gratifications. Specifically, fans of five college football teams were surveyed regarding social sharing and their use of locational social media applications. Exploratory factor analysis revealed two factors for the social sharing of sport-related check-ins, including promotion, fanship, and personal gain. Regarding incentives for the future use of locational social media and social sharing, fans revealed that they were motivated by recognition and monetary factors. The findings indicated a strong desire among fans to feel a sense a …
Management Whitepaper: Sharing Is Caring An Exploration Of Motivations For Social Sharing And Locational Social Media Usage Among Sport Fans, Galen Clavio, Evan Frederick
Management Whitepaper: Sharing Is Caring An Exploration Of Motivations For Social Sharing And Locational Social Media Usage Among Sport Fans, Galen Clavio, Evan Frederick
Journal of Applied Sport Management
Research Problem The purpose of this paper is to examine the phenomenon of social sharing via locational social media in sport and to examine what motivations sport fans have for sharing of information in a public manner via these social media. Social sharing and locational social media are an area of growing importance to both sport organizations and their fans due to the interactive nature of the involved media and the ability of teams to simultaneously foster fan community initiatives as well as monetary incentives. This research contains information that reveals reasons why fans of college athletics share sport event-related …
Innovation With Information Technologies And Using Nostalgia As An Organizational Strategy, Mojdeh Pajoutan, Chad Seifried
Innovation With Information Technologies And Using Nostalgia As An Organizational Strategy, Mojdeh Pajoutan, Chad Seifried
Journal of Applied Sport Management
The purpose of this paper is to show how sport organizations can use innovation through information technology (IT) to support the pursuit of nostalgia by revenue-oriented sport organizations as an organizational strategy to improve or maintain their fan nation. Collectively, a five-stage flowchart is offered that demonstrates an innovation process using IT for nostalgia to improve the placement of sport organizations in competitive markets. The foundation for this work’s approach is based on expanding Damanpour and Schneider’s (2006) three stages of innovation process in organizations, which include 1) initiation, 2) adoption decision, and 3) implementation. Wolfe’s (1994) “process of innovation” …
Commitment To Diversity: The Impact Of Diversity And Inclusiveness On Athletic Department Organizational Attractiveness And Job Pursuit Intentions, Trevor Bopp, Andrew Goldsmith, Matthew B. Walker
Commitment To Diversity: The Impact Of Diversity And Inclusiveness On Athletic Department Organizational Attractiveness And Job Pursuit Intentions, Trevor Bopp, Andrew Goldsmith, Matthew B. Walker
Journal of Applied Sport Management
Given the lack of minorities in intercollegiate athletics, it is important for athletic departments to enhance inclusion and diversity practices to better manage diversity. These efforts will ultimately make the organization more attractive for potential applicants. Research suggests a strong relationship between applicant perceptions of organizational attractiveness and job choice decisions. However, little work has been devoted to understanding whether an organization's commitment to diversity enhances these perceptions. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of an athletic department's commitment to diversity on its perceived attractiveness and the job pursuit intentions of potential applicants. Participants (N = …
There's An App For That: The Development Of An Nfl Team Mobile Application, Greg Greenhalgh, Brendan Dwyer, Brian Biggio
There's An App For That: The Development Of An Nfl Team Mobile Application, Greg Greenhalgh, Brendan Dwyer, Brian Biggio
Journal of Applied Sport Management
Technological advances, such as mobile applications (apps) are enhancing the way many sport fans interact with their favorite teams. Many sport organizations have started to utilize mobile apps in an effort enhance fans' experience at the stadium and abroad. The current case study examines the adoption of a mobile app by a NFL team. The adoption of innovation framework provided by Hoeber and Hoeber (2012) was used to guide seven interviews with key decision-makers within the NFL team, with findings overlaid on the three stages and three determinants of innovation adoption. Findings revealed the team's need to interact with fans …
An Investigation Into The Existence Of Child Sex Abuse Policies Within Youth Sport Day Camps, Dennis A. Johnson
An Investigation Into The Existence Of Child Sex Abuse Policies Within Youth Sport Day Camps, Dennis A. Johnson
Journal of Applied Sport Management
In light of the recent childhood sexual abuse (CSA) stories, this investigation involved semi-structured interviews of the directors of five youth sport day camps (n=5) serving a total of approximately 300 children. The purpose was to determine if camp directors developed camp policy/procedures, oriented the staff with regard to childhood sexual abuse, and if they had a documented plan should allegations of CSA occur. Results indicate that day camp directors in this sample do not have a written policy or procedures to deal with CSA issues, and they do not hold staff orientation to discuss safeguarding campers. Nearly all of …
Sport Team Nonprofit Organizations: Are Sports Doing Well At "Doing Good"?, Emily Sparvero, Aubrey Kent
Sport Team Nonprofit Organizations: Are Sports Doing Well At "Doing Good"?, Emily Sparvero, Aubrey Kent
Journal of Applied Sport Management
The outcomes and motivations of athletes and teams who engage in CSR activities are widely studied, but little to no attention has been paid to the management and operation of professional sport team nonprofit organizations (NPOs). In this study, the financial records of the charitable NPOs of 84 United States based professional sport teams from 2002 to 2010 were analyzed. Results indicate that there are differences in efficiency based on the ways in which team NPOs are classified. Additionally, team NPOs are compared to nonprofit industry standards, and the Team Nonprofit Score (TNS) is introduced as a tool to compare …
Displaying Disability: A Content Analysis Of Person-First Language On Ncaa Bowl Championship Series College Athletic Department Websites, Joshua R. Pate, Brody J. Ruihley, Timothy Mirabito
Displaying Disability: A Content Analysis Of Person-First Language On Ncaa Bowl Championship Series College Athletic Department Websites, Joshua R. Pate, Brody J. Ruihley, Timothy Mirabito
Journal of Applied Sport Management
The purpose of this study was to (a) explore how information on accessible seating and parking was presented on college athletic department websites, and (b) identify what language was being used on college athletic department websites to communicate to people with disabilities. A content analysis was conducted with 67 NCAA Bowl Championship Series college athletic department websites. Results indicated that no more than 56.7% of schools used person-first language in reference to accessible seating and parking. Less than 36% of schools used person-first language in accessible parking headings or text, revealing a discrepancy in seating and parking language. The difference …
An Audience Interpretation Of Professional Athlete Self-Presentation On Twitter, Katie Lebel, Karen Danylchuk
An Audience Interpretation Of Professional Athlete Self-Presentation On Twitter, Katie Lebel, Karen Danylchuk
Journal of Applied Sport Management
This study explored how sport consumers interpret athlete self-presentation on Twitter and distinguished the perceived importance of digital self-presentation on athlete image. A self-administered online survey based on Goffman’s (1959) theoretical framework of self-presentation was created to measure audience interest in the digital presentation strategies used by athletes. A definition and specific example were provided for 10 self-presentation strategies, after which participants were asked to rate their level of interest ( N = 377). The most salient strategy reported was that of the sport insider. Participants reported greatest interest in the discussion of athlete performance, athlete fitness, and an athlete’s …
The Value Of Managing By Values: A Canadian Sport Organization Case Study, Shannon Kerwin, Joanne Maclean, Dina Bell-Laroche
The Value Of Managing By Values: A Canadian Sport Organization Case Study, Shannon Kerwin, Joanne Maclean, Dina Bell-Laroche
Journal of Applied Sport Management
The purpose of this study was an in-depth examination of the use of organizational values in the management practices of a nonprofit sport organization. Using a case study approach, interview (n = 13) and video (n = 5) data were examined to determine (1) the nature of employee involvement as it relates to the development of organizational values, (2) the process of enacting and communicating organizational values, and (3) the perceived link between the deliberate implementation of management by values and organizational performance within one national sport organization. Findings demonstrated the need for all employees and internal stakeholders to be …
Under Mounting Pressure: A History Of Media Influence On Major League Baseball Steroid Policies, Dan Deiuliis, David Deiuliis
Under Mounting Pressure: A History Of Media Influence On Major League Baseball Steroid Policies, Dan Deiuliis, David Deiuliis
Journal of Applied Sport Management
This research is interested in the relationships among media coverage, governmental legislation and Major League Baseball’s anabolic steroids testing policies. An analysis of patterns of media coverage, legislation, and adoption of tougher penalties are explored, followed by an analysis of specific legislation in an attempt to identify its specific goals and target populations. The paper first analyzes recent Supreme Court cases and current federal legislation to determine if Congress acted legally in investigating Major League Baseball. Beginning in the mid-1980s with the surfacing of these media reports and ending with baseball’s toughest policy implementation in 2005, it then tracks the …
Perceptions And General Knowledge Of Online Social Networking Activity Of University Student-Athletes And Non-Student-Athletes, Cody T. Havard, Terry Eddy, Lamar Reams, Rebecca L. Stewart, Tariq Ahmad
Perceptions And General Knowledge Of Online Social Networking Activity Of University Student-Athletes And Non-Student-Athletes, Cody T. Havard, Terry Eddy, Lamar Reams, Rebecca L. Stewart, Tariq Ahmad
Journal of Applied Sport Management
The current study investigated differences between student-athletes and non-student-athletes regarding online social networking (OSN) usage. In particular, types of usage, perceptions of monitoring, and knowledge and perceptions of inappropriate online behavior were examined. Participants were student-athletes and non-student-athletes at a mid-sized university in the Rocky Mountain Region, who were asked their perceptions regarding OSN. Results of independent samples t-tests revealed student-athletes felt that students in general were more knowledgeable of the dangers associated with OSN than were non-studentathletes. Further, student-athletes found provocative pictures posted on OSN profiles to be more acceptable than did non-student-athletes. Also, monitoring of online profiles by …
Entry-Level Employment In Intercollegiate Athletic Departments: Non-Readily Observables And Readily Oberservable Attributes Of Job Candidates, Gonzalo Bravo, Doyeon Won, David J. Shonk
Entry-Level Employment In Intercollegiate Athletic Departments: Non-Readily Observables And Readily Oberservable Attributes Of Job Candidates, Gonzalo Bravo, Doyeon Won, David J. Shonk
Journal of Applied Sport Management
Human resource management scholars and practitioners have recognized the importance of understanding the complexities of staffing personnel. This study focused on the perceived importance of attributes for entry-level applicants to collegiate athletic departments. A total of 315 NCAA athletic administrators who were randomly selected responded to a web-based survey. Respondents were asked to rate the importance of 10 easily observable attributes during the screening process, and 10 non-readily observable skills during the hiring process. Results indicated that career-related work experience was considered to be most important during the screening, followed by the applicant’s recommendation, and leadership experience. While in the …
Brand Establishment At The University Of Chicago: An Investigation Of De-Escalation Of Commitment In University Athletics, Adrien Bouchet, Michael Hutchinson
Brand Establishment At The University Of Chicago: An Investigation Of De-Escalation Of Commitment In University Athletics, Adrien Bouchet, Michael Hutchinson
Journal of Applied Sport Management
This article is a historical case analysis of the University of Chicago’s decision to discontinue participation in scholarship football in 1939. This decision was made at the behest of then University of Chicago President Robert Hutchins and Board of Trustee members in hopes of preserving the university’s academic reputation and brand. This article discusses the decision of a highly selective and academically prestigious research university to abandon Division I athletics during a period of athletic success by its football team. This unprecedented decision by a founding member of one of the nation’s premier athletic conferences, the Big Ten, has left …
Managing The Selection Of Highly Competitive Interscholastic Sport Teams: Recommendations From Coaches On Cutting Players, Chad Seifried, Tim Casey
Managing The Selection Of Highly Competitive Interscholastic Sport Teams: Recommendations From Coaches On Cutting Players, Chad Seifried, Tim Casey
Journal of Applied Sport Management
This work used a purposive sample of 15 coaches to record information on the cutting process of highly competitive interscholastic varsity boys’ basketball programs. Semi-structured interviews and a content analysis of organizational documents were used to create a basic philosophy on the cutting process. The themes discovered centered on the purpose of interscholastic sport and team selection preferences during the cutting process, methods to reduce the tryout field, and how to break the news to prospective student-athletes about their elimination. Overall, the researchers provide several different strategies suggested by coaches to cut student-athletes from sport teams which they advocate can …