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Exploring And Establishing A Framework For Effective Governance In European Grassroots Sports Organisations, Mark Lowther, Simone Digennaro, Antonio Borgogni, Angela Parry Lowther Jan 2016

Exploring And Establishing A Framework For Effective Governance In European Grassroots Sports Organisations, Mark Lowther, Simone Digennaro, Antonio Borgogni, Angela Parry Lowther

Journal of Applied Sport Management

This paper is based on a study that was initiated to better understand the dynamics of the grassroots sport landscape and establish a framework for effective governance practice in this important area of sport policy and management. Researchers had previously identified the value of exploring good governance specific to the nonprofit sector and in particular the unique features of informal sports organisations and small community clubs. The research methodology blended a meta-analysis of relevant literature to identify key principles followed by primary data collection to evaluate and validate the emerging framework. The main results of the study provided a typology …

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The Role Of Public Relations In College Athletics: Identifying Roles, Tasks, And Importance Of Public Relations, Brody J. Ruihley, Angela N. Pratt, Tiffany Carpenter Jan 2016

The Role Of Public Relations In College Athletics: Identifying Roles, Tasks, And Importance Of Public Relations, Brody J. Ruihley, Angela N. Pratt, Tiffany Carpenter

Journal of Applied Sport Management

Public relations (PR) is becoming increasingly important in college athletics as the frequency and severity of controversy, legal issues, and crises heighten. With many stakeholders concerned about college athletic programs, coupled with an increased media presence and skyrocketing budgets, it is imperative that athletic programs communicate effectively and efficiently in times where clarity is needed. With that, the purpose of this research is to continue learning about the roles and perceptions of PR within an athletic department, as seen through the lens of ath-letic directors. Building on the work of (Ruihley & Fall, 2009), this research seeks to discover more …

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Welcome To The Arena: An Introduction To The Special Issue On Power And Politics In Sport, Marshall J. Magnusen, Samuel Y. Todd Jan 2016

Welcome To The Arena: An Introduction To The Special Issue On Power And Politics In Sport, Marshall J. Magnusen, Samuel Y. Todd

Journal of Applied Sport Management

Organizational politics is about influence and those who influence. From Fortune 500 companies to startups and from high school athletic departments to professional sport organizations, power and organizational politics are an entrenched component of nearly all work settings. Because they are social systems, organizations tend to be political as members compete for limited resources in order to accomplish work objectives and get ahead. As such, organizational members who have an ability to influence others in order to achieve a desired objective are said to have “political skill.” This ability, scholars note, takes several dimensions: (1) social astuteness: interpreting social situations …

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The Utilization Of Political Skill As Leverage In Sport Management Research, Pamela L. Perrewé, Gerald R. Ferris Jan 2016

The Utilization Of Political Skill As Leverage In Sport Management Research, Pamela L. Perrewé, Gerald R. Ferris

Journal of Applied Sport Management

A major advancement in the political skill program of research was the development of a systematically developed and validated scale to measure political skill (i.e., referred to as the Political Skill Inventory), which reflected its four underlying dimensions of social astuteness, interpersonal influence, networking ability, and apparent sincerity. Also contributing to this expanded program of research was the publication of a comprehensive theoretical statement explaining the process dynamics and operation of the construct (Ferris et al., 2007), and also an applied book on political skill (Ferris, Davidson, & Perrewé, 2005), which discussed the implications for practice of this construct, and …

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Thriving In The Political Sport Arena: Lmx As A Mediator Of The Political Skill– Career Success Relationship, Marshall Magnusen, Jun Woo Kim Jan 2016

Thriving In The Political Sport Arena: Lmx As A Mediator Of The Political Skill– Career Success Relationship, Marshall Magnusen, Jun Woo Kim

Journal of Applied Sport Management

Organizational politics, be it in sport organizations or other business contexts, is an unavoidable aspect of work and life. Further, some individuals are better than others at navigating the political arena and advancing their careers. It is therefore important to understand what characteristics those individuals possess and how exactly those characteristics lead to desirable career outcomes. This study progresses the organizational behavioral sciences forward by examining the mediation effects of leader-member exchange (LMX) in the relationships between intern political skill and four career-related outcomes (career satisfaction, perceived external marketability, life satisfaction, and perceived effectiveness). A total of 201 sport management …

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What Are They Saying About Your Head Coach? The Relationship Among Political Skill, Reputation, And Effectiveness, Minjung Kim, Janelle E. Wells, Amy Chan Hyung Kim Jan 2016

What Are They Saying About Your Head Coach? The Relationship Among Political Skill, Reputation, And Effectiveness, Minjung Kim, Janelle E. Wells, Amy Chan Hyung Kim

Journal of Applied Sport Management

Influential leaders in competitive sport fields effectively use political skill to enhance their reputation, gain followers, and obtain support from organizations. In this study, a structural model was tested to determine the mediating role of leader reputation in the relationship between leader political skill and leader effectiveness. A total of 248 NCAA Division I assistant coaches were recruited for participation in a survey on their head coaches’ political skill, reputation, and perceived team-unit and leader-unit effectiveness. The results supported an indirect effect of head coaches’ reputation on their political skill and effectiveness, rather than a direct effect of political skill …

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Politics And Pigskins: Leader Political Support And Doug Williams’S Termination From Grambling State University, B. Parker Ellen Iii Jan 2016

Politics And Pigskins: Leader Political Support And Doug Williams’S Termination From Grambling State University, B. Parker Ellen Iii

Journal of Applied Sport Management

Management research long has benefitted from the examination of sport teams and organizations to inform its theories. Similarly, sport management research can benefit from the investigation of business organization research concepts. In the present study, a narrative case study approach is taken to review Doug Williams’s second tenure as Grambling State University’s head football coach. Archival data (i.e., media reports, university communications, and court documents) indicated that Grambling University was an environment ripe for political behavior. Further, the data reveal that Williams’s social capital and political will led to his demonstration of political support for his players, and that this …

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Sport Management Internship Quality And The Development Of Political Skill: A Conceptual Model, Simon A. Brandon-Lai, Cole G. Armstrong, Kyle S. Bunds Jan 2016

Sport Management Internship Quality And The Development Of Political Skill: A Conceptual Model, Simon A. Brandon-Lai, Cole G. Armstrong, Kyle S. Bunds

Journal of Applied Sport Management

Internships are a key component of sport organizations and the sport management curriculum. Due to the vastness of internships both in academia and the sport profession, it is imperative to understand the effectiveness of internships for both the organization and the intern. While previous research has focused on quality control, the agency’s perspective of internships, the student’s perspective, and how to link the theory to practice, scholars have yet to examine the effects of sport management internships on the development of essential professional skills and/or attributes. Given the political nature of obtaining and keeping a job in the sport business, …

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The Athlete-Student Dilemma: Exploring The Experiences Of Specially Admitted Student–Athletes At A Division Iii University, Sean Patrick Hendricks, Ane Turner Johnson Jan 2016

The Athlete-Student Dilemma: Exploring The Experiences Of Specially Admitted Student–Athletes At A Division Iii University, Sean Patrick Hendricks, Ane Turner Johnson

Journal of Applied Sport Management

In higher education, it is the responsibility of institutional leaders to ensure the success of all students (Tinto, 1993), even those who failed to meet general admission requirements. This case study explored the challenges associated with enrolling student–athletes at a Division III institution with less than desirable admission standards (Stake, 1995). This study examined 199 specially admitted student–athletes that enrolled at Rowan University between 2007 and 2011 and found that a lack of support and proper programming has placed this population in a disadvantageous position. This coupled with student engagement that was found to further isolate student–athletes from the rest …

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Examination Of Women’S Sports Fans’ Attitudes And Consumption Intentions, Ceyda Mumcu, Nancy Lough, John C. Barnes Jan 2016

Examination Of Women’S Sports Fans’ Attitudes And Consumption Intentions, Ceyda Mumcu, Nancy Lough, John C. Barnes

Journal of Applied Sport Management

To date, few studies have focused on understanding fans of women’s sport, which is especially true with regard to consumption intentions. This study was undertaken to 1) examine fans’ attitudes toward women’s sports, including both cognitive and affective evaluations as related to consumption intentions; 2) identify salient product attributes of women’s sports related to fans’ consumption intentions; and 3) examine group differences on attitudes. Multiple regression analysis and multivariate analysis of variance were conducted to address the research questions. Results of the study revealed that both cognitive and affective aspects of attitude were predictive of women’s sport fans’ consumption intentions. …

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College Choice…Holistic Development…Career Success…College Choice: Introducing The “Lifetime Human Capital Cycle” For Intercollegiate Athletes, Landon T. Huffman, Kristina M. Navarro, Coyte G. Cooper Jan 2016

College Choice…Holistic Development…Career Success…College Choice: Introducing The “Lifetime Human Capital Cycle” For Intercollegiate Athletes, Landon T. Huffman, Kristina M. Navarro, Coyte G. Cooper

Journal of Applied Sport Management

The purpose of this article was to examine the college-choice factors of intercollegiate football athletes who were offered an athletic grant-in-aid to attend a NCAA Division I FBS university in the southeastern United States (n = 74). A modified version of the Student–athlete College-Choice Profile (SACCP) was used to collect data regarding the most influential college-choice factors. The questionnaire concluded with an open-ended question asking players to identify the three most-influential factors related to their college choice. A mixed-methods approach utilized descriptive statistics complemented by qualitative analysis techniques including process coding, pattern coding, and analytic memoing to identify the most …

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Social Media And Outbound Ticket Sales: Examining Social Media Strategies Among Top-Performing Salespeople, Clint Warren Jan 2016

Social Media And Outbound Ticket Sales: Examining Social Media Strategies Among Top-Performing Salespeople, Clint Warren

Journal of Applied Sport Management

This paper examines current implementation of social media strategies by ticket salespeople. A sample of 126 ticket sales professionals across professional, collegiate, and minor league sport responded to a survey measuring social media usage rates across a variety of platforms, social media use throughout the sales process, and sales performance. Results indicate that overall ticket salespeople are not incorporating social media into their regular sales initiatives. However, top-performing sales professionals do tend to use social media more regularly than baseline ticket sales representatives when approaching and discovering the needs of their customers. Given the rise of social media as a …

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Understanding Talent Retention Within A Sport System: Exploring The Elite Youth Hockey Development System In Alberta, Canada, Jonathon Edwards Jan 2016

Understanding Talent Retention Within A Sport System: Exploring The Elite Youth Hockey Development System In Alberta, Canada, Jonathon Edwards

Journal of Applied Sport Management

The study examines the regulations and strategies implemented by management of club hockey organizations and governing hockey bodies in the Edmonton region of Alberta, Canada to retain their talented youth athletes. Interviews were conducted with 13 representatives of six club hockey organizations and three governing bodies. The findings revealed that Residential Boundary regulations, Player Development, Facility Ownership, Performance Driven Outcomes, and Information Sharing comprised the system, and were used as a means of retaining youth elite athletes at key transition points. It was determined that management of club hockey organizations operate within a closed sport system, and based on this …

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Examining The Impact Of Team Identification And Gender On Rival Perceptions And Consumption Intentions Of Intercollegiate Athletics Fans, Cody T. Havard, Terry W. Eddy, Timothy D. Ryan Jan 2016

Examining The Impact Of Team Identification And Gender On Rival Perceptions And Consumption Intentions Of Intercollegiate Athletics Fans, Cody T. Havard, Terry W. Eddy, Timothy D. Ryan

Journal of Applied Sport Management

The current study investigated rival perceptions using the Sport Rivalry Fan Perception Scale (SRFPS) (Havard, Gray, Gould, Sharp, & Schaffer, 2013) on a group of male and female intercollegiate athletics fans at various levels of favorite team identification. To this point, the SRFPS has primarily been used to examine highly identified male fans (Havard, Reams, & Gray, 2013; Havard, Wann, & Ryan, 2013). The current study extended previous research on rivalry by finding that rival perceptions were impacted by level of team identification. Specifically, highly identified fans experienced more sense of satisfaction when their favorite team defeated the rival team …

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Competency Assessment For Entry-Level Sport Ticket Sales Professionals, David Pierce, Richard Irwin Jan 2016

Competency Assessment For Entry-Level Sport Ticket Sales Professionals, David Pierce, Richard Irwin

Journal of Applied Sport Management

With the emergence of outbound sales philosophies taking hold in sport organizations, sales managers are seeking talent to fill sales positions with candidates launching their careers in the sport industry. However, observers have noted that the infusion of sport ticket sales personnel has not been accompanied by an appropriate professional development and evaluation protocol, which has contributed to high turnover rates. As sport management education programs modernize their curriculum to meet industry needs and sales managers attempt to reduce turnover, a better understanding of the competencies required of entry-level sport ticket sales professionals is required. The purpose of this research …

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Ensuring Natural Grass Sports Fields Are Safe For Athlete Participation: A Risk-Assessment Process For Assessing Field Conditions Before Sports Activity, Lauren A. Petrass, Dara M. Twomey, Caroline F. Finch Jan 2016

Ensuring Natural Grass Sports Fields Are Safe For Athlete Participation: A Risk-Assessment Process For Assessing Field Conditions Before Sports Activity, Lauren A. Petrass, Dara M. Twomey, Caroline F. Finch

Journal of Applied Sport Management

Public safety is critical to the provision of sports fields and is dependent on maintaining natural grass surfaces and checking the safety of sports environments before play, to identify, remove and control hazards to reduce injury risk to participants. This paper presents and evaluates a Good Practice Sports Ground Inspection Form (GPSGIF), a new checklist developed to assist sports organizations, policy makers and field managers in the identification of injury hazards on natural grass fields. Use of the GPSGIF led to a consensus decision about the safety of grounds in >80% of assessments, and most items showed high levels of …

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Seeing The World Differently: An Analysis Of The Impact Of A Sport-Related Study Abroad Program On Global Mindedness, Carrie W. Lecrom, Gregory Greenhalgh, Brendan Dwyer Jan 2015

Seeing The World Differently: An Analysis Of The Impact Of A Sport-Related Study Abroad Program On Global Mindedness, Carrie W. Lecrom, Gregory Greenhalgh, Brendan Dwyer

Journal of Applied Sport Management

The purpose of this research was to determine whether there is a difference in the global mindedness of students who have participated in sport-related study abroad opportunities and those who have not. While a vast amount of research exists on the impact of studying abroad in other fields, no research has been published in the sport management field on how study abroad experiences impact students. The current study surveyed alumni of a graduate program at a mid-Atlantic university over a 12-year time frame. The course examined, offered once per year, is a two-week trip to Western Europe that focuses on …

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The Impact Of Psychological Contract Breach On Student-Athlete Perceived In-Role Performance And Organizational Citizenship Behaviors, Christopher R. Barnhill, Brian A. Turner Jan 2015

The Impact Of Psychological Contract Breach On Student-Athlete Perceived In-Role Performance And Organizational Citizenship Behaviors, Christopher R. Barnhill, Brian A. Turner

Journal of Applied Sport Management

Recent research has demonstrated that breached psychological contracts between student-athletes and their coaches can have negative consequences for team members (Barnhill, Czekanski, & Turner, 2013; Barnhill & Turner, 2013, 2014). While these studies are informative, they have been focused on student-athlete attitudes. The purpose of this study was to explore how psychological contracts affect student-athletes' behaviors and performance. The results indicated that neither psychological contract breaches, nor psychological contract violation are significantly related to organizational citizenship behaviors or in-role performance of studentathletes. Implications and suggestions for future results are discussed.

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Framing The Industry: Front-Page Coverage Of Intercollegiate Athletics In Five Major Newspapers, Erianne A. Weight, Coyte G. Cooper Jan 2015

Framing The Industry: Front-Page Coverage Of Intercollegiate Athletics In Five Major Newspapers, Erianne A. Weight, Coyte G. Cooper

Journal of Applied Sport Management

This study examined the prevalence, content, and tone of front page intercollegiate athletic coverage within daily sampling of five major newspapers during the 2011 calendar year through a theoretical lens of framing as a theory of media effects. Analysis reveals broad media presentation of an industry characterized by lavish spending and widespread corruption in football and men's basketball with roughly 98% of the college sport-coverage word count devoted to men's sport with 73.7% covering football and 23.8% covering men's basketball with dominant emergent themes including financial exorbitance, scandal, athlete compensation, conference realignment, conflict between athletics & the academy, athlete entitlement, …

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Building Community Via Sport For Adolescents, Stacy Warner, Stephen Leierer Jan 2015

Building Community Via Sport For Adolescents, Stacy Warner, Stephen Leierer

Journal of Applied Sport Management

Sport is frequently claimed to foster a greater sense of community for participants. However, a dearth of quantifiable and empirical evidence supports this claim and even less is known about how sport impacts adolescents' sense of community. The aim of this research was to assess the effectiveness of a sport program for adolescents. A pre/post research design was used to determine if any changes in sense of community were experienced for adolescents who took part in a three-week sport program. Sense of community was measured using the Sense of Community Index- 2. A total of 28 participants completed pre- and …

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The Glass Closet: Perceptions Of Homosexuality In Intercollegiate Sport, Jordan Bass, Robin Hardin, Elizabeth A. Taylor Jan 2015

The Glass Closet: Perceptions Of Homosexuality In Intercollegiate Sport, Jordan Bass, Robin Hardin, Elizabeth A. Taylor

Journal of Applied Sport Management

A mixed-methods approach was used to examine the perceptions and prevalence of open homosexuality in intercollegiate sport in the United States. Universityhosted biographies of NCAA Bowl Championship Series (BCS) head coaches were coded to determine the frequency of head coaches listing a wife, husband, and same-sex partner (Calhoun, LaVoi, & Johnson, 2011). These findings were paired with interviews of five college coaches exploring their feelings toward the culture surrounding homosexuality, by players, coaches, and administrators, at their university. Only one coach of more than 1,000 was identified as having a same-sex partner in university-sponsored coaching biographies. Interview findings revealed collegiate …

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Student Perceptions Of The Program Component Effectiveness Of A Leisure And Sport Management Program (Lsm), Jim K. Rost, Colby B. Jubenville Jan 2015

Student Perceptions Of The Program Component Effectiveness Of A Leisure And Sport Management Program (Lsm), Jim K. Rost, Colby B. Jubenville

Journal of Applied Sport Management

Although the trend in higher education is moving toward an emphasis on institutional mission-based funding and retention plans, little has been done to evaluate students' perceptions of academic program effectiveness and an integration of a total quality management approach to ensuring program quality. The purpose of this study was to determine what effect student perception of Leisure and Sport Management (LSM) program components had on their perception of overall program quality with regard to Deming's 14 points of Total Quality Management. Forty-eight students from a graduate LSM program completed one questionnaire, comprised of three demographic variables and 29 attitude items. …

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Using Youth Sport To Enhance Parents' Sense Of Community, Stacy Warner, Marlene Dixon, Stephen Leierer Jan 2015

Using Youth Sport To Enhance Parents' Sense Of Community, Stacy Warner, Marlene Dixon, Stephen Leierer

Journal of Applied Sport Management

Youth sport is a large and influential sector of the sport industry. This sector has received considerable attention regarding issues such as improving participants' experiences and attracting and retaining more participants. Parents are also highly involved in youth sport, yet their experiences are less understood. This study ex-amines the role a youth sport program plays in fostering a sense of community for parents. Using a qualitative interpretative design, participants were drawn from a youth sport program in the United States. The focus group data ( n = 36) revealed that The Child's Experience, Clear Logistics , Administrative Consideration , and …

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Ventures In Visionary Marketing: Identifying Game-Changing Branding Strategies In Ncaa Fbs Athletic Departments, Coyte Gene Cooper Jan 2015

Ventures In Visionary Marketing: Identifying Game-Changing Branding Strategies In Ncaa Fbs Athletic Departments, Coyte Gene Cooper

Journal of Applied Sport Management

In today's competitive entertainment environment, National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) athletic departments are being faced with unique challenges when it comes to attendance figures and fan engagement. To counter these chal-lenges, athletic departments are being forced to come up with strategies to build their brand with consumers. Thus, the purpose of the current research was to sur-vey marketing staff members at NCAA Division I athletic departments ( N = 46) to identify the peer departments considered as visionary in the area of branding. Overall, the research illustrated that In-Game Experience was determined as the most important area for maximizing efficiency …

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Locating Universities Within The Phases Of Escalation Of Commitment To Intercollegiate Athletics, Calvin Nite, Michael Hutchinson, E. Nicole Melton, Adrien Bouchet Jan 2015

Locating Universities Within The Phases Of Escalation Of Commitment To Intercollegiate Athletics, Calvin Nite, Michael Hutchinson, E. Nicole Melton, Adrien Bouchet

Journal of Applied Sport Management

Escalation of commitment has been studied extensively within management and has been found to be particularly prevalent within intercollegiate athletics. The purpose of this study was to broaden the scope of traditional escalation of com-mitment research by developing effective means for locating sport organizations within Staw and Ross's (1987) temporal model. In doing so, we moved beyond the typical qualitative case study approach and sought to provide more general-ized findings, both within the context of intercollegiate athletics and within the broader sport industry. Through identifying relevant factors within our data and combining those with other descriptive variables, we were able …

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Weather, Timing, And Promotions In Minor League Baseball: An Examination Of Attendance In The International League, Steven M. Howell, David B. Klenosky, Chad D. Mcevoy Jan 2015

Weather, Timing, And Promotions In Minor League Baseball: An Examination Of Attendance In The International League, Steven M. Howell, David B. Klenosky, Chad D. Mcevoy

Journal of Applied Sport Management

Understanding the different factors that impact attendance at sporting events is a timely and relevant topic for researchers and practitioners alike. The present study examines the effects of different types of promotions, weather, and selected temporal elements on attendance in Minor League Baseball. Using data for teams participating in the International League during the 2010 season, results from a multiple regression analysis revealed that special events, promotional giveaways, and non-workdays have a positive impact on attendance; while suboptimal weather conditions have a negative impact. These findings contribute to our understanding of the factors that impact attendance in professional baseball and …

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Understanding The Perceived Attributes And Consequences Of Participation In Youth "Rep" Hockey: An Analysis From The Parental Perspective, Chris Chard, Jonathon Edwards, Luke Potwarka Jan 2015

Understanding The Perceived Attributes And Consequences Of Participation In Youth "Rep" Hockey: An Analysis From The Parental Perspective, Chris Chard, Jonathon Edwards, Luke Potwarka

Journal of Applied Sport Management

Participation in youth sport has been recognized for myriad developmental benefits. When one considers sport participation, there are a number of different delivery models. Participation can be recreational in nature or competitively driven. Regardless of competitive level, it is important for sport managers to understand the drivers that influence sport participation. Thus, the purpose of the current investigation was to achieve a better understanding of the perceived attributes and consequences of youth representative (rep) sport participation from the perspective of the elite athletes' parents. Parents' perceptions are important given that these individuals are the ultimate decision makers for their children's …

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Sport Analytics: Using Open Source Logistic Regression Software To Classify Upcoming Play Type In The Nfl, Robert E. Baker, Ted Kwartler Jan 2015

Sport Analytics: Using Open Source Logistic Regression Software To Classify Upcoming Play Type In The Nfl, Robert E. Baker, Ted Kwartler

Journal of Applied Sport Management

The purpose of this study was to utilize data analytics as means to classify National Football League offensive play types. The open source software R was employed to create a logistic regression based on data for the Cleveland Browns and Pittsburgh Steelers from 13 recent seasons. The regression is based on all first, second, and third downs within regulation play, totaling 26,310 data points. The initial algorithms classify rush or pass for each offense. Revealed through differing coefficients of the independent variables, each team shows a slightly different approach to play selections in response to in-game situations. Identifying the driving …

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From Tailgating To Twitter: Fans' Use Of Social Media At A Gridiron Matchup Between Two Historically Black Colleges, Carrie Brown, Erin Willis, Cody Havard, Richard L. Irwin Jan 2015

From Tailgating To Twitter: Fans' Use Of Social Media At A Gridiron Matchup Between Two Historically Black Colleges, Carrie Brown, Erin Willis, Cody Havard, Richard L. Irwin

Journal of Applied Sport Management

The current study investigated the uses and gratifications of attendees using social media at the Southern Heritage Classic (SHC), a Historically Black Colleges and Universities football game between Tennessee State University and Jackson State University. Descriptive data revealed how attendees used various types of media to find information about the SHC, and how social media was utilized by participants during and surrounding the event. Further, following Clavio (2011), two one-way ANOVAs found that attendees did not differ in their use of social media by sex, but did differ by age groups. Specifically, younger age groups were more likely than older …

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Toward An Understanding Of Best Practices In Student-Athlete Leadership Development Programs: Student-Athlete Perceptions And Gender Differences, Kristina Navarro, Stephen Malvaso Jan 2015

Toward An Understanding Of Best Practices In Student-Athlete Leadership Development Programs: Student-Athlete Perceptions And Gender Differences, Kristina Navarro, Stephen Malvaso

Journal of Applied Sport Management

Student-athletes often know how to recognize leadership but struggle to master techniques to exemplify leadership characteristics during their college experience. As Division I athletics now serve as the front porch to American institutions, the visibility of Division I student-athletes has drastically increased. With this visibility comes enhanced responsibility to represent oneself, one's team, and one's university. In turn, it is of heightened interest for higher education and intercollegiate athletics practitioners to understand how to best foster leadership skills for this unique population that garners enhanced media attention. This mixed-method case study considers the perceptions of 221 Division I freshmen student-athletes …

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