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Articles 8791 - 8820 of 10909
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
Sea Anemones May Thrive In A High Co2 World, David J. Suggett, Jason M. Hall-Spencer, Riccardo Rodolfo-Metalpa, Toby G. Boatman, Ross Payton, Dt Pettay, Vivienne R. Johnson, Mark E. Warner, Tracy Lawson
Sea Anemones May Thrive In A High Co2 World, David J. Suggett, Jason M. Hall-Spencer, Riccardo Rodolfo-Metalpa, Toby G. Boatman, Ross Payton, Dt Pettay, Vivienne R. Johnson, Mark E. Warner, Tracy Lawson
School of Biological and Marine Sciences
No abstract provided.
Oral Health And Pathology: A Macrophage Account., Rebecca Merry, Louise Belfield, Paul Mcardle, Andrew Mclennan, Stjohn Crean, Andrew Foey
Oral Health And Pathology: A Macrophage Account., Rebecca Merry, Louise Belfield, Paul Mcardle, Andrew Mclennan, Stjohn Crean, Andrew Foey
School of Biomedical Sciences
Macrophages are present in healthy oral mucosa and their numbers increase dramatically during disease. They can exhibit a diverse range of phenotypes characterised as a functional spectrum from pro-inflammatory to anti-inflammatory (regulatory) subsets. This review illustrates the role of these subsets in the oral inflammatory disease lichen planus, and the immunosuppressive disease oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). We conclude that the role of macrophages in driving progression in oral disease identifies them as potential therapeutic targets for a range of oral pathologies.
Internship Design And Its Impact On Intrinsic Motivation And Student Career Choice., Paul Stansbie
Internship Design And Its Impact On Intrinsic Motivation And Student Career Choice., Paul Stansbie
Plymouth Business School Theses
This study examines the role experiential education, in the form of internships, plays in the professional development of Hospitality and Tourism Management students. Through an appraisal of the literature, it outlines the many benefits available to direct and indirect stakeholders through the facilitation of a structured, work based learning experience. In particular, it analyses the internship through an evaluation of job design by applying both Hackman and Oldham’s (1975a) Job Characteristics Model (JCM) and developing a proposed intern’s version of that model. The outcomes demonstrate that dimensions of the work undertaken do contribute significantly to an individual’s satisfaction and intrinsic …
‘Socio-Economic And Livelihood Impacts Of Environmentally Supportive Bio-Enterprise Development For The Agro-/Pastoral Communities In Samburu Heartland, Kenya’., Susan Alison Wren
‘Socio-Economic And Livelihood Impacts Of Environmentally Supportive Bio-Enterprise Development For The Agro-/Pastoral Communities In Samburu Heartland, Kenya’., Susan Alison Wren
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences Theses
The question of agro/pastoral livelihoods adaptation is gaining attention in the rural development arena but little empirical evidence exists that has examined the performance and impact of diversified enterprises on agro/pastoral livelihoods and the environment in the ASAL, and on how to effectively support such initiatives. Additionally, there has been little evaluation of the type of behavioural patterns that agro/pastoral communities need to evolve in order to engage in such initiatives. This research study endeavours to bridge this knowledge-gap and assist the ASAL communities, NGOs, CBOs and government departments to understand the skills and resources required to develop climate-resilient, environmentally …
Speech Development: Toddlers Don't Mind Getting It Wrong, Piers Messum, Ian S. Howard
Speech Development: Toddlers Don't Mind Getting It Wrong, Piers Messum, Ian S. Howard
School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics
No abstract provided.
What Does A Role Model Australian Primary School Health And Physical Education (Hpe) Programme Look Like?, Tj Lynch
Plymouth Institute of Education
The Teresa Carlson Award is the Australian Council for Health and Physical Education (ACHPER) Queensland’s most prestigious. Dr. Teresa Carlson was an outstanding academic, teacher and ACHPER Queensland State President. The annual recipient is an ACHPER member who is dedicated to the teaching of Health and Physical Education (HPE) and the promotion of its benefits within the community. The award began in 2004 and recipients have included the likes of Professor Doune Macdonald, Head of the School of Human Movement Studies at the University of Queensland. From the seven recipients, one was chosen for their significant contribution specifically within a …
Toxic Marine Microalgae And Shellfish Poisoning In The British Isles: History, Review Of Epidemiology, And Future Implications, Sl Hinder, Gc Hays, Cj Brooks, Ap Davies, Et Al
Toxic Marine Microalgae And Shellfish Poisoning In The British Isles: History, Review Of Epidemiology, And Future Implications, Sl Hinder, Gc Hays, Cj Brooks, Ap Davies, Et Al
School of Biological and Marine Sciences
The relationship between toxic marine microalgae species and climate change has become a high profile and well discussed topic in recent years, with research focusing on the possible future impacts of changing hydrological conditions on Harmful Algal Bloom (HAB) species around the world. However, there is very little literature concerning the epidemiology of these species on marine organisms and human health. Here, we examine the current state of toxic microalgae species around the UK, in two ways: first we describe the key toxic syndromes and gather together the disparate reported data on their epidemiology from UK records and monitoring procedures. …
Basic Astronomical Estimates, Dan Ward, Emma Sturgess, Joseph Whiteman, Laura Jenkins
Basic Astronomical Estimates, Dan Ward, Emma Sturgess, Joseph Whiteman, Laura Jenkins
The Plymouth Student Scientist
We present astronomical estimates about the Earth, Moon, Sun and the nearest fixed stars, in particular of sizes, distances and masses. Our focus is on the question to which extent those were already known in antiquity.
A Study Of A Translocated Population Of Anguis Fragilis In Cornwall, Uk, Casey Fuke
A Study Of A Translocated Population Of Anguis Fragilis In Cornwall, Uk, Casey Fuke
The Plymouth Student Scientist
A population of slow-worms were monitored throughout August and September 2010 at a roadside location near Dobwalls, Cornwall. The population was released onto the site in 2009 and one of the aims of the study was to determine if the population was surviving in their new habitat. Follow up work post-translocation is rarely done in the UK. The vegetation was predominantly saplings, young shrubs and rough grassland and black roof felt was used as refugia to attract the slow-worms. The site was visited two to three times a week and the temperature, weather, invertebrates present, sex or age and location …
The Use Of Near Infrared Spectroscopy In Measuring Haemodynamic Response Of The Primary Visual Cortex To A Visual Bullseye Stimulus With Various Spatial And Temporal Frequencies, Luke Perkins
The Plymouth Student Scientist
The effects of spatial and temporal frequencies of a visual, sinusoidal bullseye stimulus on haemodynamic responses in V1 were investigated using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy. Eight psychology undergraduates viewed a reversing bullseye pattern with differing spatial and temporal frequencies and haemodynamic responses in V1 were measured. It was found that optimum responses were recorded when the spatial frequency was 4.00 c/deg and when temporal frequency was 7.55 Hz; however no significant differences between frequencies were found. The mixed findings provided some support for past findings, implying that cells are finely tuned to detect certain stimulus properties, and demonstrated NIRS as a valid …
Social Behaviour In Captive Reticulated Giraffes (Giraffa Camelopardalis Reticulata): Analysis Of Enclosure Use And Social Interactions Between Giraffes Housed At Whipsnade Zoo, Stephanie Perry
The Plymouth Student Scientist
Wild giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis) herds have been described as random associations of individuals, but recent research has suggested that giraffe do form social bonds and have a complex social structure. The aims of this investigation were to determine whether a group of three captive giraffe associated randomly or patterned their behaviour and proximity in a way that suggests social relationships. Also to analyse how the giraffe use their enclosure in order for the zoo to develop the enrichment program to encourage the giraffe to use the enclosure more equally. Index of association and maintenance of proximity were used to analyse …
The Invasive Biology Of The Talitrid Amphipod Platorchestia Platensis In North West Europe, Rebekah Simpson
The Invasive Biology Of The Talitrid Amphipod Platorchestia Platensis In North West Europe, Rebekah Simpson
The Plymouth Student Scientist
The talitrid amphipod Platorchestia platensis (Kröyer, 1845) is an invasive species which has been spreading along European coasts over the last 150 years. This paper will review what is known of the distribution of P. platensis to date, before discussing potential distribution methods, evaluating potential management strategies and providing a perspective on the future distribution of this species. Despite P. platensis having worldwide distribution, very little is known about its invasive history. It has been established that the most likely methods of dispersal for P. platensis are on currents and in ballast water, though further research is needed. Although dispersal …
Current And Emerging Issues In Nosocomial Infections And Antibiotic Resistance, Zoe Tridgell
Current And Emerging Issues In Nosocomial Infections And Antibiotic Resistance, Zoe Tridgell
The Plymouth Student Scientist
Antibiotic resistant pathogens are a major cause of nosocomial infections and exhibit an extraordinary ability to constantly adapt and acquire resistance determinants to overcome the effects of commonly prescribed antimicrobials. Glycopeptide resistant Enterococcus faecium, multidrug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Clostridium difficile and Escherichia coli are all pathogens of clinical interest, increasing in prevalence and causing large outbreaks of infection within hospitals. On the other hand, the emerging potential of vancomycin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA) and linezolid resistance in Gram-positive pathogens to follow suite provides a serious concern for the future treatment of hospital-acquired infections.
Investigation Into Inter-Alpha Trypsin Inhibitor Heavy Chain 4 (Itih4) As A Biomarker For Prenatal Screening Of Down Syndrome Using Maternal Plasma Samples, Jessica Elliott-Friend
Investigation Into Inter-Alpha Trypsin Inhibitor Heavy Chain 4 (Itih4) As A Biomarker For Prenatal Screening Of Down Syndrome Using Maternal Plasma Samples, Jessica Elliott-Friend
The Plymouth Student Scientist
Background: Down Syndrome (DS) effects 3 per 1000 births and is a significant cause of fetal loss. Currently screening tests detect ~85% of affected pregnancies, with a 5% false-positive rate, whilst diagnosis requires invasive tests such as amniocentesis which is associated with a ~1% risk of miscarriage. More effective screening methods, or Non Invasive Prenatal Diagnosis (NIPD) methods, are required to reduce the need for invasive diagnostic tests. Aim: This study aims to investigate inter-alpha trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4 (ITIH4) as a potential biomarker in DS pregnancies. Method: Samples include 8 non-pregnant controls and 7 pregnant women known to …
Endotoxin Tolerance And The Immune System, Elyce Marshfield
Endotoxin Tolerance And The Immune System, Elyce Marshfield
The Plymouth Student Scientist
Endotoxin tolerance is a phenomenon known to cause innate immune cells, like macrophages, to produce a decreased pro-inflammatory response to a pathogen associated molecular pattern (PAMP), like LPS, after pre-stimulation. Innate immune cells involved have thought to be primarily monocytes/macrophages but evidence has been found for involvement of dendritic cells, neutrophils and T cells. The molecular mechanisms of endotoxin tolerance are vague. However, negative regulators such as SOCS1, IRAK-M and SHIP are believed to play a large role, along with the down-regulation of TLR4 on cell surface and gene re-programming. Clinically, sepsis is a major model of endotoxin tolerance due …
The Effect Of Shifting Between Internal And External Foci Of Attention On Throwing Accuracy, Jeremy Lowen
The Effect Of Shifting Between Internal And External Foci Of Attention On Throwing Accuracy, Jeremy Lowen
The Plymouth Student Scientist
A vast quantity of research has identified the benefits of an external focus on the performance and learning of motor actions. This study aims to isolate the effects that shifting attention between internal and external foci can have on performance. A within subjects design tested the throwing accuracy of 40 undergraduate psychology students in both internal and external focus conditions. Participants threw a tennis ball towards a target with their non-dominant hand over a period of 3 x 2 (counterbalanced) sets of 15 throws. The main effect of focus condition was significant; external focus eliciting higher scores of accuracy. The …
Marine Invertebrates In Hypoxia: Developmental, Behavioural, Physiological And Fitness Responses, Rebecca Loddington
Marine Invertebrates In Hypoxia: Developmental, Behavioural, Physiological And Fitness Responses, Rebecca Loddington
The Plymouth Student Scientist
Hypoxia is occurring in the marine environment all around the world as a result of human activities and natural biological processes such as eutrophication and water stratification. Low levels of dissolved oxygen (DO) can result in mass mortality and disruption for marine organisms. In this paper the effects of hypoxia (<5mg O2 l -1 ) will be reviewed focusing on developmental, behavioural, physiological and fitness responses of marine invertebrates. Differences in the units used and thresholds when measuring hypoxia, by different researchers, make comparisons difficult. It is clear that negative effects are being observed at higher levels than the 2.8mg O2 l -1 threshold previously proposed by Diaz and Rosenberg. Many responses to hypoxia seem to not affect marine invertebrates directly, but result in a decrease in reproductive output and physiological mechanisms for surviving long-term hypoxia seem to be poorly understood. More research should be completed above the 2.8mg O2 l1 threshold, and a priority should be quantifying the effects of hypoxia. Therefore, management targets can be enforced and a positive step can be made to combat hypoxia.
An Examination Of The Present And Future Selves Of Adolescents: Investigating Possible Selves And Self-Esteem In Relation To Gender And Attachment, Charlene Mcclelland
An Examination Of The Present And Future Selves Of Adolescents: Investigating Possible Selves And Self-Esteem In Relation To Gender And Attachment, Charlene Mcclelland
The Plymouth Student Scientist
Gender differences in self-esteem and possible selves have long been documented, in particular girls have been reported to have lower self-esteem and generate more interpersonally oriented possible selves than boys during adolescence. To explore these findings the current study wanted to look at gender differences and relationship factors i.e. attachment, in regards to possible selves. The study investigated the possible selves generated by 52 adolescents aged 13-16 years, as well as measuring their self-esteem and attachment patterns. As predicted the results supported previous findings on gender differences, with the addition of finding attachment differences. In particular insecure participants had lower …
The Effects Of Carbohydrate-Electrolyte Sports Drinks On Performance And Physiological Function During An 8km Cycle Time Trial, Jack Hornsby
The Effects Of Carbohydrate-Electrolyte Sports Drinks On Performance And Physiological Function During An 8km Cycle Time Trial, Jack Hornsby
The Plymouth Student Scientist
Background: Supplementation in the form of sports drinks has in latter years become an integral part of professional and amateur exercise. Currently much of the research is directed at carbohydrate-electrolyte (CE) drink supplementation for exercises lasting one hour or above and has been shown to improve performance. However the effects of supplementation prior to and during intense, short term exercise on performance is less understood. Therefore the purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of ingesting different CE drinks prior and during exercise on an 8km time trial (TT) performance against a placebo. Methods: Fifteen male subjects …
Undergraduate Student To Postgraduate Teacher: Reflections From Both Sides Of The Coin, Daniel Zahra
Undergraduate Student To Postgraduate Teacher: Reflections From Both Sides Of The Coin, Daniel Zahra
The Plymouth Student Scientist
Guest Editorial from Dr Daniel Zahra
A Review In Overhydration Underlying Exercise-Associated Hyponatremia, Jahn Firth
A Review In Overhydration Underlying Exercise-Associated Hyponatremia, Jahn Firth
The Plymouth Student Scientist
Exercise-associated hyponatremia (EAH) is hyponatremia occurring during or up to 24 hours after prolonged physical activity. There is clear evidence that the primary cause of EAH is overconsumption of fluids relative to fluid losses. The electrolyte imbalance, in particular sodium triggered by overhydration is the aetiologic basis behind the illness. If untreated, hyponatremia causes cerebral and pulmonary edema resulting in seizures, coma and on occasion, death. Current understanding of overhydration underlying EAH is discussed. Aetiology, pathology, diagnosis, the role of sodium and preventive measures are key focal points in this review. The body of research spans more than two decades …
The Effect Of An Invasive Species On Predation Rates Upon Intertidal Barnacles, Rachel Linaker
The Effect Of An Invasive Species On Predation Rates Upon Intertidal Barnacles, Rachel Linaker
The Plymouth Student Scientist
Non-indigenous species invasions are considered a large threat to native biota however the effects of which have been relatively understudied with respect to intertidal systems. Current literature surrounds the movement of species, however relatively little attempt has been made to quantify the effect. Using the invasive oyster drill Ocenebra erinacea and the native dogwhelk Nucella lapillus, this study aimed to investigate the effect of an invasive species‟ on predation rates over a one-week period feeding on the intertidal barnacle Chthamalus montagui. This was conducted by testing for the effects of increased conspecific density (abundance increase) and biodiversity (species number/identity) against …
Helping To Promote Psychological Well-Being At Work: The Role Of Work Engagement, Work Stress And Psychological Detachment Using The Job Demands-Resources Model, Emma White
The Plymouth Student Scientist
The job demands-resources model (JD-R model) underpinned the three main aims of this study: to provide support for the JD-R model‟s account of work engagement and work stress in relation to psychological well-being; to suggest the inclusion of the recovery process, psychological detachment as a theoretical refinement; and to produce comparative, predictive models of psychological well-being at work. 48 employees from an organisation that delivers: education; support and care services participated. The results provide strong support for the JD-R model; provide evidence for the inclusion of psychological detachment as a theoretical refinement; and show psychological detachment and work stress to …
3d Surface Topography And Reflectivity Of Anisotropic Etched Silicon Micromirrors For Biomems, Re Mackay, N Lionis, Hr Le
3d Surface Topography And Reflectivity Of Anisotropic Etched Silicon Micromirrors For Biomems, Re Mackay, N Lionis, Hr Le
School of Biological and Marine Sciences
This paper examines wet and dry fabrication of vertical micro-mirrors in (110) silicon for use in an innovative BioMEMS integrating gripping and micro force sensing functionalities. Wet anisotropic chemical etching in potassium hydroxide (KOH) and tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide (TMAH) with and without isopropanol alcohol (IPA) additive was examined. Deep Reactive Ion Etched samples were produced using inductive coupled process. 3D surface roughness of samples was examined using scanning electron microscope, interferometric profilometer and atomic force microscopy. An optic fiber displacement sensor was exploited to measure the reflectivity of uncoated or coated samples with evaporated metallic thin film. The research aimed …
Anxiety: An Evolutionary Approach, M Bateson, B Brilot, D Nettle
Anxiety: An Evolutionary Approach, M Bateson, B Brilot, D Nettle
School of Biological and Marine Sciences
Anxiety disorders are among the most common mental illnesses, with huge attendant suffering. Current treatments are not universally effective, suggesting that a deeper understanding of the causes of anxiety is needed. To understand anxiety disorders better, it is first necessary to understand the normal anxiety response. This entails considering its evolutionary function as well as the mechanisms underlying it. We argue that the function of the human anxiety response, and homologues in other species, is to prepare the individual to detect and deal with threats. We use a signal detection framework to show that the threshold for expressing the anxiety …
Embodied Compositionality, A Cangelosi
Embodied Compositionality, A Cangelosi
School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics
Luc Steels [10] provides a comprehensive overview of the key theoretical issues on the cultural evolution of language and of the contribution of computational and robotics models to the study of the social emergence of language in societies of interactive agents. In this short commentary, I would like to extend the discussion by focusing: (i) on the origins of the hierarchical structure of language, as grounded in the embodied compositional nature of motor representations and skills such as those of object manipulation; and (ii) on the interaction of genetic and cultural evolution processes in language evolution.
Experimentally Controlled Downregulation Of The Histone Chaperone Fact InPlasmodium BergheiReveals That It Is Critical To Male Gamete Fertility, Ec Laurentino, S Taylor, Gr Mair, E Lasonder, Et Al
Experimentally Controlled Downregulation Of The Histone Chaperone Fact InPlasmodium BergheiReveals That It Is Critical To Male Gamete Fertility, Ec Laurentino, S Taylor, Gr Mair, E Lasonder, Et Al
School of Biomedical Sciences
Human FACT (facilitates chromatin transcription) consists of the proteins SPT16 and SSRP1 and acts as a histone chaperone in the (dis)assembly of nucleosome (and thereby chromatin) structure during transcription and DNA replication. We identified a Plasmodium berghei protein, termed FACT-L, with homology to the SPT16 subunit of FACT. Epitope tagging of FACT-L showed nuclear localization with high expression in the nuclei of (activated) male gametocytes. The gene encoding FACT-L could not be deleted indicating an essential role during blood-stage development. Using a 'promoter-swap' approach whereby the fact-l promoter was replaced by an 'asexual blood stage-specific' promoter that is silent in …
Butyrate Regulation Of Distinct Macrophage Subsets: Opposing Effects On M1 And M2 Macrophages, Ad Foey
Butyrate Regulation Of Distinct Macrophage Subsets: Opposing Effects On M1 And M2 Macrophages, Ad Foey
School of Biomedical Sciences
Mucosal tolerance is central to efficient gastrointestinal tract function, tolerating food and commensal bacteria, whilst maintaining immune responsiveness to pathogens. Mucosal macrophages play a pivotal role in tolerance; whereas in inflammatory bowel disease, dysfunctional macrophages lead to tolerance breakdown, whereby commensals perpetuate inflammation. Macrophage subsets however, determine effector function: M1s are pro-inflammatory whereas M2s are antiinflammatory/regulatory. In addition to commensal bacteria, butyrate, a short chain fatty acid probiotic metabolite, may also modulate macrophage-mediated tolerance. The human monocytic cell line, THP-1, was used to investigate butyrate immunoregulation in M1 and M2 macrophages, generated by monocyte differentiation in the presence of PMA …
Space Makers Or Space Cadets Exploring Children's Perceptions Of Space And Place In The Context Of A Dublin Primary School, A Loxley, B O'Leary, Sj Minton
Space Makers Or Space Cadets Exploring Children's Perceptions Of Space And Place In The Context Of A Dublin Primary School, A Loxley, B O'Leary, Sj Minton
School of Psychology
This paper discusses two interconnected themes: (1) the variegated role of space in primary school architecture; and (2), the perception of this space as a lived phenomenon from the perspective of pupils. In this context, space is not seen as being synonymous with the physical properties of a school (although this does exert an influence), but as an 'active ingredient' through which a particular social order is produced and sustained. Echoing the work of Lefebvre's (1991) triadic conceptualisation of space, Markus's (1993) meshing of architecture and power (via Foucault, 1991a, 1991b), certain extensions of ecological/ecosystemic theories of child and adolescent …
Influence Of Affluence On Sustainable Housing In Mysore, India, Bk Satish, J Brennan, R Pedreschi
Influence Of Affluence On Sustainable Housing In Mysore, India, Bk Satish, J Brennan, R Pedreschi
School of Art, Design and Architecture
Mysore, the second largest city in the state of Karnataka, India, can be identified as an early adopter of sustainable design practices. Between 1903 and 1947 the use of local construction materials, the Swadeshi movement of 1905, robust planning and clear legislation resulted in sustainable urban development. However, post-colonial development fuelled by economic globalisation after the 1980s has transformed perceptions of the house among the growing middle class, becoming a commodity to demonstrate affluence and status. This paper examines the impact of changing social and cultural values on the aspirations of the growing middle classes on sustainable housing and neighbourhood …