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Genetic Polymorphism Of The Ipah Multicopy Antigen Gene In Shigella Spps. And Enteroinvasive Escherichia Coli, Jerry M. Buysse, Antoinette B. Hartman, Nancy Strockbine, Malabi Venkatesan

United States Public Health Resources

The ipaH loci comprise a multicopy antigen gene family unique to Shigella species and enteroinvasive Escherichia coli (EIEC). DNA probes derived from the Shigella flexneri stereotype 5 ipaH_7.8 gene were used to compare the molecular arrangement of ipaH alleles in a variety of Shigella and EIEC strains. Multiple copies of ipaH-homologous sequences were detected in all invasion plasmids examined. Oligonucleotide probes covering discrete 24 bp segments of the ipaH_7.8 gene and sequences flanking the ipaH_4.5 (probe H25) and ipaH_2.5 (probe H24) loci were used to define the extent of homology among invasion plasmid copies of …

Bermuda Solution Pipe Soils: A Geochemical Evaluation Of Eolian Parent Materials, Stanley R. Herwitz, Daniel R. Muhs

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

Solution pipes found in the Quaternary eolian and marine carbonates of Bermuda are filled with reddish to reddish-brown soil material. The bulk of the soil is composed of clay and silt-sized quartz and aluminosilicate clay minerals. The carbonates are of high purity and, therefore, are not likely to have been the parent material. Previous workers have hypothesized that Saharan dust may have been the soil parent material. The fine-grained component of loess from the Mississippi River Valley of North America also could have contributed. Paleoclimate models indicate that both North Africa and North America could have been important source areas …

Gamma Sigma Delta, Nebraska Chapter Newsletter, February 1995

Gamma Sigma Delta, Nebraska Chapter: Newsletters

PRESIDENT'S MESSAGE February 1995 - Richard Waldren, President, Nebraska Chapter

FROM GAMMA SIGMA DELTA INTERNATIONAL - Earl F. Ellington

NEWS FROM THE HISTORIAN - Charles H. Adams

Initiation and Awards Banquet Honored Recipients November 20, 1994

GAMMA SIGMA DELTA ACTIVITIES

1995 GAMMA SIGMA DELTA ORDERING INFORMATION PRICE LIST

GAMMA SIGMA DELTA 1995 COMMITTEES

Uterine Mass And Uterine Blood Volume In Mice Selected 21 Generations For Alternative Criteria To Increase Litter Size, Merlyn K. Nielsen, R. J. Kittok, Y. L. Kochera Kirby

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Lines of mice, selected for 21 generations using alternative criteria to increase litter size, were evaluated for uterine mass and uterine blood volume to help explain differences in uterine capacity. For this study, mice were sampled from Generation 27, the sixth generation after relaxation of selection. Mice came from all four criteria of selection (LS = selection on number born to unaltered females; M = selection on an index of ovulation rate and ova success; UT = selection on uterine capacity; and LC = unselected control) in each of three replicates (a total of 12 lines). Measurement was at one …

Coyotes In The Southwest: Table Of Contents

Coyotes in the Southwest: A Compendium of Our Knowledge (Symposium Proceedings, 1995)

Sections are:

Biology
Ecology
Perspectives
Management
Coyotes vs. Game Management
Coyotes vs. Livestock
Politics
Control Alternatives
Appendix

Symposium Proceedings—Coyotes In The Southwest: A Compendium Of Our Knowledge [Complete Work, 185 Pages], Dale Rollins, Calvin Richardson, Terry Blankenship, Kem Canon, Scott Henke

Coyotes in the Southwest: A Compendium of Our Knowledge (Symposium Proceedings, 1995)

This is the complete volume, containing all 40+ articles and presentations. Each article is also hosted here separately under its individual title and authors.

Coyotes: A South Texas Perspective, Rick Sramek

Coyotes in the Southwest: A Compendium of Our Knowledge (Symposium Proceedings, 1995)

Coyotes (Canis latrans) are abundant throughout North America, some of the highest densities occur in south Texas. Most studies indicate abundance of food as a contributing factor of coyote density. High coyote populations can lead to localized depredation problems and the current canine rabies epizootic is of concern to residents of south Texas.

Predator Politics: Personal Thoughts And Perceptions, Milo J. Shult

Coyotes in the Southwest: A Compendium of Our Knowledge (Symposium Proceedings, 1995)

My career as an extension wildlife specialist and a university administrator has allowed me to monitor both the public and private sectors' perspectives on coyotes (Canis latrans) and their associated management policies. Selected experiences described herein illustrate the problems (current and future) that characterize emotionally-charged conflicts like those typified by coyote control efforts.

Coyotes: A Matter Of Perspective, Dale Rollins

Coyotes in the Southwest: A Compendium of Our Knowledge (Symposium Proceedings, 1995)

Predators and predator management in general are always controversial topics. As with most controversies, both ends of an emotional continuum vie for the attention of the nonvocal, uncommitted majority. To provide unbiased information on the controversy surrounding coyotes (Canis latrans) in Texas, the Texas Agricultural Extension Service produced a 23-minute video in 1991. The video addresses both sides of the coyote coin while providing factual biological information on the topic. The video has been quite popular, and has received both state and national awards.

Coyotes In The Southwest: Dedication To Samuel L. Beasom, Dale Rollins

Coyotes in the Southwest: A Compendium of Our Knowledge (Symposium Proceedings, 1995)

This symposium is dedicated to the life, achievements and memory of Samuel L. Beasom. From the first time that I considered trying to assemble this symposium, Sam Beasom was on my list of key people to include. Sam's professional contributions and his dry wit would surely play a pivotal role in a conference on coyotes in the Southwest, especially one to be conducted in Texas. I never dreamed then that his contributions, and subsequent recognition, would be presented posthumously here today.

The Livestock Protection Collar For Removing Depredating Coyotes: A Search For Perfect Justice?, Dale Rollins

Coyotes in the Southwest: A Compendium of Our Knowledge (Symposium Proceedings, 1995)

Lethal control techniques for controlling coyotes (Canis latrans) are often maligned as a means for resolving coyote depredations on domestic livestock. With the exception of the Livestock Protection Collar (LPC), lethal control methods (e.g., foot-hold traps and neck snares) lack the ability to specifically remove those coyotes actually preying upon livestock. The LPC capitalizes on attack behavior of coyotes to remove offending individuals. Although currently registered for use in 5 states, LPCs have been used routinely only in Texas. Success with LPCS involves an understanding of coyote behavior and proper targeting of collared livestock. LPCs have been used …

Sheep And Goat Losses In Relation To Coyote Damage Management In Texas, Gary Lee Nunley

Coyotes in the Southwest: A Compendium of Our Knowledge (Symposium Proceedings, 1995)

The average reported sheep and goat loss to coyotes (Canis latrans) in 1992 on those properties worked by the cooperative animal damage control program were relatively low. Sheep and goat losses were not evenly distributed among the producers. Geographical distribution of the losses reflected a positive relationship between relative coyote density and livestock losses. The sheep and goat industry is adversely affected by the cumulative losses of those producers suffering high levels of predation.

Immunocontraception As A Tool For Controlling Reproduction In Coyotes, Lowell A. Miller

Coyotes in the Southwest: A Compendium of Our Knowledge (Symposium Proceedings, 1995)

The development of immunocontraception as a tool for population management of coyotes (Canis latrans) and reduction of coyote predation may provide an environmentally safer alternative to pesticides. Because they are proteins, immunocontraceptive vaccines do not persist in the environment or bioaccumulate in the food chain. The National Wildlife Research Center (NWRC) will examine the effects (immunological, hormonal and behavioral) of treating penned coyotes with 2 immunocontraceptive vaccines: porcine zona pellucida (PZP) and gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH). Initial studies will be conducted using traditional subcutaneous injections; however, the goal IS to develop an orally-deliverable immunocontraceptive vaccine as an alternative …

Coyote Population Processes Revisited, Frederick F. Knowlton, Eric M. Gese

Coyotes in the Southwest: A Compendium of Our Knowledge (Symposium Proceedings, 1995)

It appears that coyote (Canis latrans) abundance is determined primarily by availability of food (prey) as mediated through social dominance hierarchies and a territorial land tenure system. This is reflected in rates of reproduction, dispersal, and mortality, with survival of juveniles a major factor. Suggestions for a new generation of simulation models to explore coyote population functions are included.

Effects Of Coyote Control On Their Prey: A Review, Scott E. Henke

Coyotes in the Southwest: A Compendium of Our Knowledge (Symposium Proceedings, 1995)

Coyotes (Canis latrans) are often removed from an area because of their predatory nature, regardless of the effect such removal may have on the ecosystem. Research results concerning ecosystem changes due to coyote removal appear ambiguous; however, differing lengths of coyote control can produce different results. Short-term coyote removal efforts (≤ 6 months) typically have not resulted in increases in the prey base; however, long-term, intensive coyote removal reportedly has altered to alter species composition within the ecosystem.

Coyotes And Upland Gamebirds, Fred S. Guthrey

Coyotes in the Southwest: A Compendium of Our Knowledge (Symposium Proceedings, 1995)

That coyotes (Canis latrans) destroy nests and individuals of bobwhites (Colinus virginianus) and wild turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) is well documented. In many situations, however, the removal of coyotes would have little observable effect on gamebird recruitment and population dynamics. This counterintuitive result occurs because (1) renesting reduces the hen failure rate and (2) loss sources other than coyotes become stronger when coyotes are removed from a predator–prey system.

Predation Impacts And Management Strategies For Reducing Coyote Damage To Cattle, Rickey L. Gilliland

Coyotes in the Southwest: A Compendium of Our Knowledge (Symposium Proceedings, 1995)

Loss of cattle to predators influences productivity of many livestock operations. Statistics indicate that coyote (Canis latrans) predation is a principle threat. Impacts to livestock resources by coyotes are appraised. Implementation of control strategies which capitalize on coyote dispersion and social interactions are discussed. Predator management to reduce livestock losses and promote a younger age structure in coyotes is suggested as a long term solution.

The Effects Of Control On Coyote Populations: Another Look, Guy E. Connolly

Coyotes in the Southwest: A Compendium of Our Knowledge (Symposium Proceedings, 1995)

Population dynamics models are useful for estimating coyote (Canis latrans) population responses to exploitation w well as to hypothetical birth intervention techniques At least 6 coyote simulation models have been developed over the past 25 years. This paper reviews the model developed by Connolly and Longhurst (1975), and identifies some potential improvements based upon new biological information and modem computing technology. The biological concepts embodied in the Connolly–Longhurst (C–L) model seem as valid In 1995 as they were in 1975. Newer studies have tended to reaffirm rather than revise earlier concepts of coyote population mechanics. One significant shortcoming …

Behavior Of Coyotes In Texas, William F. Andelt

Coyotes in the Southwest: A Compendium of Our Knowledge (Symposium Proceedings, 1995)

Coyotes (Canis latrans) live in social groups with relatively small territories or as single, non-territorial transients with large home ranges in southern Texas. Coyotes communicate and establish territories through auditory, olfactory, and visual means They consume mammals, fruits, and insects with their diets reflecting difference sin abundance and vulnerability of prey, effects of plant phenology and weather conditions. Coyotes have adapted to human exploration by avoiding humans and their control techniques. Because coyotes habituate to nonlethal control techniques (e.g. frightening devices), I suggest apply frightening devices only when coyotes are a problem. Lethal techniques likely will be most …

Selected Parameters Of The Reproductive Physiology And Endocrinology Of Coyotes, Max S. Amoss Jr., Connie M. Hodges

Coyotes in the Southwest: A Compendium of Our Knowledge (Symposium Proceedings, 1995)

The development of the reproductive system and the dynamics of reproductive hormones were studied in captive male and female coyotes (Canis latrans). Captive male coyotes exhibited incomplete sexual maturation at the first reproductive season (< 12 months of age). Peak serum testosterone levels in 1-year old males were 50% (300 ± 200 vs. 810 ± 300 pg testosterone/ml) and total sperm production was only 10% (57.4 ± 6.6 vs. 558.8 ± 26 x 10⁶ total sperm) of that observed in males older than 1 year. Yearling males were never observed copulating with a female. The sexual maturation of captive female coyotes was less equivocal than their male counterpart's. The pregnancy rate of yearling females was 40% compared to 63% m older females. Average peak serum LH values at the ovulatory surge were 33 ng/ml in yearling …

Effect Of Semen Storage On The Number Of Spermatozoa In The Perivitelline Layer Of Laid Turkey Eggs, A. M. Donoghue, M. R. Bakst, D. R. Holsberger, D. J. Donoghue

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

A progressive decline in fertility over the course of egg production may be observed when turkey hens are inseminated weekly with semen stored for 24 h. In vitro storage of spermatozoa before insemination results in lower fertilization, possibly because fewer spermatozoa survive selection and storage in the hen's sperm storage tubules in vivo; alternatively, stored spermatozoa may be as capable of reaching the egg as are fresh spermatozoa, but unable to penetrate and fertilize the egg normally. The objective of this study was to determine whether this decline in fertility is a result of fewer spermatozoa reaching the egg …

Quantitative Mass Production Of Hydrotaea Aenescens (Diptera: Muscidae), Jerome Hogsette, Frank Washington

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

A covered oviposition device was developed that allows collection of large numbers of Hydrotaea aenescens (Wiedemann) (formerly Ophyra aenescens) eggs. Eggs can be measured and known numbers added to larval rearing medium so this beneficial fly can be reared quantitatively for the first time. With the use of quantitative rearing techniques and a new diet consisting of 5 parts Gainesville house fly diet and 1 part meat and bone meal, H. aenescens can be mass-reared easily for biological control studies.

Rice Pests Of Shifting Cultivation In Côte D'Ivoire, West Africa, E. A. Heinrichs, D. E. Johnson, J. K. Afun, D. J. Robison

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Traditional shifting cultivatiOn appears to be sustainable if fallow periods are sufficient to restore soil fertility, maintain soil structure and suppress pests. These traditional systems are threatened in West Africa because of increasing land pressure resulting in shorter fallow periods. Studies were conducted on farmers' fields in Côte d’lvoire to determine how fallow length affects populations of insect pests and their natural enemies and weed growth and yield losses due to weeds. Length of fallow influenced the abundance of certain arthropod species as indicated by sweep-net sampling. Populations of the stalk-eyed flies Diopsis spp., leaf·feeding beetles, and leafhoppers/spittlebugs were significantly …

Review Of A Guide To Kansas Mushrooms By Bruce Horn, Richard Kay, And Dean Abel, Wendell Gauger

Great Plains Quarterly (through 2013)

One hundred fifty species of Kansas macrofungi are described in this welcome Guide. Each described species is accompanied by a photograph, a feature which, along with the authors' attempt to restrict the number of species included, adds greatly to the usefulness of this book. The quality of the photographs is uniformly excellent. The written descriptions are engaging, yet informative. Technical "jargon" is kept to a minimum. I found the book easy to read. For example the authors tell us that "Reports on the edibility of this species [Laccaria laccata] vary from mediocre to superb, which tells us …

Review Of Where The Sky Began: Land Of The Tallgrass Prairie By John Madson, Mikko Saikku

Great Plains Quarterly (through 2013)

Appendices include a useful list of prairie nurseries and seed sources and a directory of representative tallgrass prairies. Although the directory is by no means intended to be comprehensive, one can still complain about the omission of sites such as the Rockefeller Experimental Tract near Lawrence, Kansas. Where the Sky Began, possibly supplemented by a localized and biologically more detailed study (e.g., O. J. Reichman's Konza Prairie: A Tallgrass Natural History), will give the general reader a highly enjoyable introduction to the history and biota of the tallgrass prairie.

Sense Of Place In The Prairie Environment Settlement And Ecology In Rural Geary County, Kansas, Nina Veregge

Great Plains Quarterly (through 2013)

Many people who drive across Kansas on the Interstate or on Route 50 see the state as a single, unchanging stretch of treeless plain. A more perceptive observer witnesses the gradual transition from the east to the west: from rolling hills and wooded vales to wide open grassland and sage plain; from corn to winter wheat; from farms to ranches and feedlots; from running streams to dry washes; from humidity on a summer day that is relieved only by constant wind to dry heat blown across grassland untempered by stream valley microclimates. It appears a seamless transition where distinctions are …

Bluestem And Tussock Fire And Pastoralism In The Flint Hills Of Kansas And The Tussock Grasslands Of New Zealand, James F. Hoy, Thomas D. Isern

Great Plains Quarterly (through 2013)

The ghost of Lady Barker haunts public discourse on the question of burning tussock grassland in New Zealand. The image of this gentle English woman, author of the Canterbury classic Station Life in New Zealand, transformed into a pastoral pyromaniac professing "the exceeding joy of 'burning,'" is compelling. She contests with friends over who can set the most magnificent blaze, exults at solitary cabbage trees exploding into flame, and regrets that she was not there to see the first blaze rage across the plains. Of this ritual, she says, she and her friends "never were allowed to have half …

Obtaining A Life Table For Spinal Cord Injury Patients Using Information Theory, Patrick L. Brockett, Yun Song

Journal of Actuarial Practice (1993–2006)

We present a mortality table adjustment method based on a constrained information theoretic methodology. The objective is to adjust a standard mortality table to reflect a particular known characteristic of the population while remaining as close as possible to a given standard table. To illustrate these techniques, the medical results concerning survival of spinal cord injury patients are incorporated into a standard table to obtain a mortality table pertinent for paraplegic and quadriplegic individuals. The desired adjusted mortality table can be used by actuaries for special purposes such as wrongful injury damage award compensation calculations and determining life insurance premium …

Mealybugs, Frederick P. Baxendale, David J. Shetlar

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Common Names. Turfgrass mealybugs, Rhodesgrass mealybug, buffalograss mealybugs, etc.

Scientific Classification. (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae).

Origin and Distribution. Mealybugs occur worldwide and are widely distributed throughout the United States. In 1967, McKenzie recognized 46 genera of mealybugs in North America. Thirty-seven species within these genera were associated with grasses.

Description. Mealybugs are small, oval insects that are closely related to scale insects. Nymphs and adult females range in color from dark pink to light yellow and are usually covered with a white, waxy secretion. Some species have a series of short, waxy filaments projecting from the sides of the body. Individuals range …

Modeling The Population Dynamics And Economics Of Velvet Leaf (Abutilon Theophrasti) Control In A Corn (Zea Mays)-Soybean (Glycine Max) Rotation, John L. Lindquist, Bruce D. Maxwell, Douglas D. Buhler, Jeffrey L. Gunsolus

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

A simulation model was developed to predict the population dynamics and economics of velvetleaf control in a corn-soy bean rotation. Data compiled from the literature were used to parameterize the model f or two situations, one in which velvetleaf was infected by a Verticillium spp. wilt and one without infection. Verticillium was assumed to have no effect on corn or soybean yield. In the absence of control, simulated seed bank densities of a Verticillium-infected velvetleaf population were 5 to 50 times lower than for an uninfected velvetleaf population. The model was used to evaluate a threshold weed management strategy …