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Mentorship In The Classroom: Making The Implicit Explicit, Deanna Martin, Robert Blanc, David Arendale Jan 1995

Mentorship In The Classroom: Making The Implicit Explicit, Deanna Martin, Robert Blanc, David Arendale

Professional and Organizational Development Network in Higher Education: Archives

The "under-prepared student" once something of an oddity on American campuses, now seems omnipresent. And not only in undergraduate institutions, not only in America. The government of Great Britain ordered a 25% increase in university enrollment. Black South Africans will occupy a majority of the places in previously white and apartheid universities. The Association of American Medical College will triple minority representation in medical schools in their 3000 x 2000 campaign, drawing heavily on the urban areas that have been on the receiving end of the wrenching body blows of poverty, unemployment, and despair, the areas that have provided many …


Morphine Taste Conditioning And Analgesia: Assessing Conditioned And Novelty-Induced Analgesia, Rick A. Bevins, Joanne M. Valone, Melinda C. Bradley, Michael T. Bardo Jan 1995

Morphine Taste Conditioning And Analgesia: Assessing Conditioned And Novelty-Induced Analgesia, Rick A. Bevins, Joanne M. Valone, Melinda C. Bradley, Michael T. Bardo

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

In previous work showing a taste-elicited decrease in pain sensitivity (J. S. Miller, K. S. Kelly, J. L. Neisewander, D. F. Mc- Coy, & M. T. Bardo, 1990), the rats (Rattus norvegicus) were always habituated to an inactive hot plate after each drug injection. The present report examined whether the analgesic response was a conditioned response to the taste or a response to the novelty of the hot plate resulting from morphine disrupting the habituation process. In 3 experiments, it was found that hot plate novelty was mainly responsible for the analgesic response. For example, increasing the number …


Ec95-741 Pollution Prevention: A Tool Kit For Drycleaners, Janet R. Hygnstrom, Wayne Woldt, Mohamed F. Dahab Jan 1995

Ec95-741 Pollution Prevention: A Tool Kit For Drycleaners, Janet R. Hygnstrom, Wayne Woldt, Mohamed F. Dahab

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Would you like to:

• Reduce your operating costs by using fewer materials and supplies?
• Reduce hazardous and nonhazardous waste transportation and disposal costs?
• Reduce liability and risks associated with hazardous waste?
• Reduce the paperwork and record keeping requirements associated with hazardous waste?
• Improve workplace safety and employee health?
• Help safeguard the environment?
• Improve your company's image?
• Increase your company's business activities?

If you answered "Yes," to any of the above questions, you may want to look at the materials in this pollution prevention tool kit.


Kinetic Analysis Of The Non-Phosphorylated, In Vitro Phosphorylated, And Phosphorylation-Site-Mutant (Asp8) Forms Of Intact Recombinant C4 Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxylase From Sorghum, Stephen M. G. Duff, Carlos S. Andreo, Valérie Pacquit, Loïc Lepiniec, Gautam Sarath, Shirley A. Condon, Jean Vidal, Pierre Gadal, Raymond Chollet Jan 1995

Kinetic Analysis Of The Non-Phosphorylated, In Vitro Phosphorylated, And Phosphorylation-Site-Mutant (Asp8) Forms Of Intact Recombinant C4 Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxylase From Sorghum, Stephen M. G. Duff, Carlos S. Andreo, Valérie Pacquit, Loïc Lepiniec, Gautam Sarath, Shirley A. Condon, Jean Vidal, Pierre Gadal, Raymond Chollet

Gautam Sarath Publications

Steady-state kinetic analyses were performed on the non-phosphorylated, in vitro phosphorylated and phosphorylation-site mutant (Ser8→Asp) forms of purified recombinant sorghum C4 phosphoenolpyruvate (P-pyruvate) carboxylase (EC 4.1.1.3 1) containing an intact N-terminus. Significant differences in certain kinetic parameters were observed between these three enzyme forms when activity was assayed at a suboptimal but near-physiological pH (7.3), but not at optimal pH (8.0). Most notably, at pH 7.3 the apparent Ki/ for the negative allosteric effector l-malate was 0.17 mM, 1.2 mM and 0.45 mM while the apparent Ka for the positive allosteric effector glucose 6-phosphate (Glc6P) at 1mM …


Ec95-745 Managing Livestock Odors: Principles, Assessment And Planning, Richard K. Koelsch Jan 1995

Ec95-745 Managing Livestock Odors: Principles, Assessment And Planning, Richard K. Koelsch

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Odors associated with livestock manure represent a growing challenge for livestock producers. Livestock production trends such as more animals per farm and expanded reliance upon manure storage have added to the odor muisance. Implementing other environmentally friendly practices such as manure nutrient management and maintenance of surface crop residues for soil conservation also have resulted in additional odor challenges.

Odors originating from livestock wastes are a common source of irritation between producers and neighbors. Confrontations may lead to more stringent local zoning regulations, greater scrutiny of other farm environmental issues, and litigation.

This publication summarizes the underlying causes of livestock …


Intsormil Annual Report 1994, John M. Yohe, Joan Frederick, Dorothy Stoner Jan 1995

Intsormil Annual Report 1994, John M. Yohe, Joan Frederick, Dorothy Stoner

INTSORMIL Impacts and Bulletins

USAID conducted an overall evaluation of the Collaborative Research Support Programs (CRSPs), including lNTSORMIL, between May and July 1994. According to the "CRSP Evaluation Scope of Work" developed by USAID, the goal of this evaluation was to provide an objective assessment of the degree to which each of the CRSPs has had an impact on increasing agricultural production and development, and improving natural resource management through the development and dissemination of new and/or more appropriate sustainable agriculture technologies. The evaluation also assessed the extent to which the CRSP framework has responded to past Agency expectations and objectives and if the …


Nebline, January 1995 Jan 1995

Nebline, January 1995

NEBLINE Newsletter Archive from Nebraska Extension in Lancaster County

Horticulture

Rural $ense

Human Resources

4-H & Youth

Environmental Focus

Community & Leadership Development

Extension Calendar

Expanded Food and Nutrition Education Program (EFNEP)

Nebraska Association for Family and Community Education News

and other extension news and events


Managing North American Waterfowl In The Face Of Uncertainty, James D. Nichols, Fred A. Johnson, Byron K. Williams Jan 1995

Managing North American Waterfowl In The Face Of Uncertainty, James D. Nichols, Fred A. Johnson, Byron K. Williams

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

Informed management of waterfowl (or any animal population) requires management goals and objectives, the ability to implement management actions, periodic information about population and goal-related variables, and knowledge of effects of management actions on population and goal-related variables. In North America, international treaties mandate a primary objective of protecting migratory bird populations, with a secondary objective of providing hunting opportunity in a manner compatible with such protection. Through the years, annual establishment of hunting regulations and acquisition and management of habitat have been the primary management actions taken by federal agencies. Various information-gathering programs were established and, by the 1960s, …


Rabies--Epidemiology, Prevention, And Future Research, John W. Krebs, Mark L. Wilson, James E. Childs Jan 1995

Rabies--Epidemiology, Prevention, And Future Research, John W. Krebs, Mark L. Wilson, James E. Childs

Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications

Rabies is caused by a single-stranded, negative-sense RNA virus, maintained in nature by a variety of animal reservoirs. Rabies virus infects the central nervous system, resulting in progressive encephalopathy and ultimately death in an infected human. Globally, the risk of contracting rabies for humans is greatest in regions of the developing world where dog rabies is enzootic. Where rabies in dogs has been eliminated or otherwise controlled through vaccination programs, the disease can be maintained by wildlife. Wildlife primarily involved in maintenance of transmission cycles are carnivores and bats. Persons having frequent contact with wildlife, such as mammalogists, are at …


Rodent-Borne Hemorrhagic Fever Viruses: A Special Risk For Mammalogists?, James E. Childs, James N. Mills, Gregory E. Glass Jan 1995

Rodent-Borne Hemorrhagic Fever Viruses: A Special Risk For Mammalogists?, James E. Childs, James N. Mills, Gregory E. Glass

Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications

We review two groups of taxonomically unrelated viruses that share similarities in host preference and transmission routes to humans and pose a risk for mammalogists working with rodents. The rodent-borne hemorrhagic fever viruses in the Arenaviridae and Bunyaviridae are widely distributed on most continents where rodents occur. Their geographic distribution usually exceeds the distribution of the recognized human diseases they cause and has resulted from either natural coevolutionary events or the dissemination of viral passengers traveling with introduced mammalian hosts. Diseases of humans caused by these agents are among the most severe and most frequently fatal of zoonotic diseases. These …


Identification And Characterization Of An Early Gene In The Lymantria Dispar Multinucleocapsid Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus, David S. Bischoff, James M. Slavicek Jan 1995

Identification And Characterization Of An Early Gene In The Lymantria Dispar Multinucleocapsid Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus, David S. Bischoff, James M. Slavicek

United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

The Lymantria dispar multinucleocapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus (LdMNPV) gene encoding G22 was cloned and sequenced. The G22 gene codes for a 191 amino acid protein with a predicted M r of 22000. Expression of G22 in a rabbit reticulocyte system generated a protein with an M r of 24000, in close agreement with the molecular mass predicted from the nucleotide sequence. G22 is not significantly homologous to any known protein, nor is a G22 homologue present in the Autographa californica MNPV (AcMNPV). Temporal expression studies indicated that the G22 gene was transcribed at readily detectable levels in the presence of …


Dreissena Polymorpha In The Saginaw Bay, Lake Huron Ecosystem: Overview And Perspective, Thomas F. Nalepa, Gary L. Fahnenstiel Jan 1995

Dreissena Polymorpha In The Saginaw Bay, Lake Huron Ecosystem: Overview And Perspective, Thomas F. Nalepa, Gary L. Fahnenstiel

United States Department of Commerce: Staff Publications

After the zebra mussel, Dreissena polymorpha, was first discovered in Lake St. Clair in 1988 and rapidly spread throughout the Great Lakes, broad ecological changes became apparent in regions where this species was most abundant. Previous investigations documented dramatic increases in water clarity (Hebert et al. 1991, Marsden et al. 1993, Leach 1993), declines in chlorophyll and phytoplankton abundances (Leach 1993, Nicholls and Hopkins 1993, Holland 1993), and changes in benthic invertebrate communities (Griffiths 1993, Dermott et al. 1993, Stewart and Haynes 1994). These studies were conducted in various regions and defined impacts on a specific ecosystem component. Taken …


G95-1251 Biological Control Of Insect And Mite Pests, Robert J. Wright Jan 1995

G95-1251 Biological Control Of Insect And Mite Pests, Robert J. Wright

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

The advantages and disadvantages of the three forms of biological control of insect and mite pests -- classical, augmentation and conservation -- are discussed.

Biological control is the conscious use of living beneficial organisms, called natural enemies, to control pests. Biological control should be an important part of any integrated pest management program, an approach which combines a variety of pest control methods to reduce pest levels below an economic threshold. Virtually all insect and mite pests have some natural enemies. Managing these natural enemies can effectively control many pests. Often the use of insecticides or other practices can injure …


Ec95-815 Extending The Safe Drinking Water Act: Issues And Alternatives, Roy Frederick Jan 1995

Ec95-815 Extending The Safe Drinking Water Act: Issues And Alternatives, Roy Frederick

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Author's note: This publication was written in the months immediately prior to the beginning of the 104th Congress in January, 1995. While the basic issues have not changed, the schedule for reauthorization of the Safe Drinking Water Act and the approach to issues may have been altered by the change in political-party leadership in the Congress. For example, contamination standards for drinking water may become a part of general "risk-assessment" legislation in 1995.

In 1974, Congress passed the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA), P.L. 93-523. Its purpose was to protect the nation's drinking water from harmful biological and chemical contaminants. …


Everyone A Teacher, Everyone A Learner, Heidi Carter, Charles A. Francis Jan 1995

Everyone A Teacher, Everyone A Learner, Heidi Carter, Charles A. Francis

CARI Extension and Education Materials for Sustainable Agriculture

Letters of Support

Concerns and Comments on Chapter 3 Training

What Is Sustainable Agriculture

Integrated Sustainable Crop and Animal Systems

Planning Learning Activities

Social Issues Related to Agriculture, Communities, and New Technologies

Case Studies, Focus Groups, and Decision Cases

Environmental Impacts of Sustainable Practices and Systems

Economics of Sustainable Systems

On-farm Research, Demonstrations, and Tours

Integrated Resource Management in Sustainable Agriculture

Cultural Resources and Sustainable Agriculture

Role of Systems Science in the Design of Pest Management Systems for Sustainable Agriculture

Resources for Sustainable Agriculture

Focusing an Evaluation and Designing Evaluation Strategy


A Case-Control Study Of Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome During An Outbreak In The Southwestern United States, Paul S. Zeitz, Jay C. Butler, James E. Cheek, Michael C. Samuel, James E. Childs, Lee A. Shands, Richard E. Turner, Ronald E. Voorhees, John Sarisky, Pierre E. Rollin, Thomas G. Ksiazek, Louisa Chapman, Susan E. Reef, Kenneth K. Komatsu, Craig Dalton, John W. W. Krebs, Gary O. Maupin, Kenneth Gage, C. Mack Sewell, Robert F. Breiman, C. J. Peters Jan 1995

A Case-Control Study Of Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome During An Outbreak In The Southwestern United States, Paul S. Zeitz, Jay C. Butler, James E. Cheek, Michael C. Samuel, James E. Childs, Lee A. Shands, Richard E. Turner, Ronald E. Voorhees, John Sarisky, Pierre E. Rollin, Thomas G. Ksiazek, Louisa Chapman, Susan E. Reef, Kenneth K. Komatsu, Craig Dalton, John W. W. Krebs, Gary O. Maupin, Kenneth Gage, C. Mack Sewell, Robert F. Breiman, C. J. Peters

Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications

In May 1993, an outbreak of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome( HPS) occurred in the south-western United States. A case-control study determined risk factors for HPS. Seventeen case-patients were compared with 3 groups of controls: members of case-patient households( household controls), members of neighboring households( near controls), and members of randomly selected households ≥ 24 km away ( far controls). Investigators trapped more small rodents at case households than at near ( P = .03) or far control households( P = .02). After the number of small rodents was controlled for,case-patients were more likely than household controls to hand plow (odds ratio …


Guidelines For Working With Rodents Potentially Infected With Hantavirus, James N. Mills, Terry L. Yates, James E. Childs, Robert R. Parmenter, Thomas G. Ksiazek, Pierre E. Rollin, C.J. Peters Jan 1995

Guidelines For Working With Rodents Potentially Infected With Hantavirus, James N. Mills, Terry L. Yates, James E. Childs, Robert R. Parmenter, Thomas G. Ksiazek, Pierre E. Rollin, C.J. Peters

Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications

Because of the high morbidity and mortality associated with hantavirus pulmonary syndrome and the possibility of aerosol transmission of hantaviruses, persons handling known reservoir species in the field, laboratory, or classroom should take special precautions to minimize the risk of infection. We provide specific guidelines for personal safety while trapping, handling and releasing, transporting, sampling, and performing necropsy on potentially infected rodents or teaching field classes in areas occupied by reservoir species. Special consideration should be given to respiratory protection, choice and use of disinfectants, decontamination of instruments and traps, proper disposal of infectious wastes, and preservation and shipment of …


U.S. Pacific Marine Mammal Stock Assessments, Jay Barlow, Robert L. Brownell Jr., Douglas P. Demaster, Karin A. Forney, Mark S. Lowry, Steven Osmek, Timothy J. Ragen, Randall R. Reeves, Robert J. Small Jan 1995

U.S. Pacific Marine Mammal Stock Assessments, Jay Barlow, Robert L. Brownell Jr., Douglas P. Demaster, Karin A. Forney, Mark S. Lowry, Steven Osmek, Timothy J. Ragen, Randall R. Reeves, Robert J. Small

United States Department of Commerce: Staff Publications

Under the 1994 amendments to the Marine Mammal Protection Act, the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) were required to produce stock assessment reports for all marine mammal stocks in waters within the U.S. Exclusive Economic Zone. This document contains the stock assessment reports for the U.S. Pacific marine mammal stocks under NMFS jurisdiction. Marine mammal species which are under the management jurisdiction of the USFWS are not included in this report. A separate report containing background, guidelines for preparation, and .a summary of all stock assessment reports is available from the NMFS …


Effects Of Zebra Mussel (Dreissena Polymorpha) Colonization On Water Quality Parameters In Saginaw Bay, Lake Huron, Gary L. Fahnenstiel, Gregory A. Lang, Thomas F. Nalepa, Thomas H. Johengen Jan 1995

Effects Of Zebra Mussel (Dreissena Polymorpha) Colonization On Water Quality Parameters In Saginaw Bay, Lake Huron, Gary L. Fahnenstiel, Gregory A. Lang, Thomas F. Nalepa, Thomas H. Johengen

United States Department of Commerce: Staff Publications

A large-scale study of Saginaw Bay was initiated in 1990 and continued through 1993 to examine the effects of the zebra mussel colonization which began in summerlfall 1991. Saginaw Bay responded quickly to the zebra mussel colonization, as fall 1991 values of chlorophyll were similar to 1992 and 1993 values. In inner Saginaw Bay, where most zebra mussels were found, chlorophyll, kPAR, and total phosphorus values decreased, and Secchi disk depth increased during the study period, regardless of the presence or absence of zebra mussels at a specific station. At outer bay control stations no significant differences were found for …


National Biological Service Annual Report 1995 Jan 1995

National Biological Service Annual Report 1995

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

In 1995, the National Biological Service (NBS) made great progress in pursuit of its mission, which is to work with others to provide the scientific understanding and technologies needed to support sound management and conservation of our Nation's biological resources.
In carrying out this mission, the NBS is dedicated to excellence in science and technology. It does not manage or regulate use of lands or biological resources, nor adopt advocacy positions that might compromise the objectivity of its research. In its quest for scientific excellence, NBS is also improving the relevance of its products to public and private entities engaged …


Index Of Names Jan 1995

Index Of Names

Professional and Organizational Development Network in Higher Education: Conference Materials

No abstract provided.


1995 Pod Network Conference Attendees Jan 1995

1995 Pod Network Conference Attendees

Professional and Organizational Development Network in Higher Education: Conference Materials

No abstract provided.


19th Annual Conference: Advance Program And Registration Materials Jan 1995

19th Annual Conference: Advance Program And Registration Materials

Professional and Organizational Development Network in Higher Education: Conference Materials

Introduction, by L.K. Quinsland (Conference Chair) and Lynn Sorenson (Program Coordinator)

Preliminary Conference Schedule

Special Events and Speakers

Looking ahead to the October Conference

Preconference Workshops

Concurrent Sessions and Roundtable Discussions

Special Interest Group Networking

Poster Sessions and Materials and Resource Fair

Important Logistical lnformation

Ground Transportation

POD Bus Charter Reservation Form

Educational Expeditions

POD Network Conference Hotel Reservation lnformation

1995 POD Conference Registration Form

POD Network Institutional Membership List


Ec95-273 Swine Nutrition Guide, Duane Reese, Robert C. Thaler, Mike Brumm, Austin J. Lewis, Philip S. Miller, George W. Libal Jan 1995

Ec95-273 Swine Nutrition Guide, Duane Reese, Robert C. Thaler, Mike Brumm, Austin J. Lewis, Philip S. Miller, George W. Libal

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This publication is a revision of the previous swine nutrition publication prepared by the Universityof Nebraska and South DakotaState University. The focus of the publication continues to be on nutrient recommendations for swine. Specific factors (nutritional, environmental and managerial) that affect nutrient recommendations have been considered and discussed. We believe that the identification and description of the factors provide the framework for the nutrient recommendations presented inTables 11 to 16. Industry advisors representing various facets of the pork industry were recruited to review and challenge the concepts incorporated in this publication. Also, in situations where “gray areas” existed, these industry …


Center For Sustainable Agricultural Systems Newsletter, January/February 1995 Jan 1995

Center For Sustainable Agricultural Systems Newsletter, January/February 1995

Center for Sustainable Agricultural Systems: Newsletter (1993–2000)

Contents:

Impact Groups Are Forming Across Nebraska

May 1 Is Deadline for SARE Producer Grants

Corporate Farming Expands

Important Sustainable Ag Supporter Dies

Regional Training Program Is Off and Running

On-farm Manure Calibration Program

Calls for Papers

Crafting Sustainable Farm Programs Nearly Impossible

A Better Row to Hoe

New Rotational Grazing Listserver

Outstanding CSAS Secretary

Poster Materials Available: Sustaining Profitable Agriculture

OECD Post Doctoral Fellowships and Workshops

Organic Certification Contact


2. Families As The Focus Of Assessment: Theoretical And Practical Issues, Cindy I. Carlson Jan 1995

2. Families As The Focus Of Assessment: Theoretical And Practical Issues, Cindy I. Carlson

Family Assessment

The role of early and concurrent family relationships in the etiology of individual development and psychopathology has received increased attention in both research and practice within psychology in recent decades. Although the importance of family relationships in shaping personality has always been central in psychology, it was assumed with psychoanalytic theory that these forces were internalized within the individual such that intrapsychic dynamics were the dominant forces controlling behavior. Consistent with the premises of the dynamic model, the individual was the focus of assessment, treatment, and research within the discipline of psychology. Several converging developments in the 1950s led clinicians …


4. Multicultural Family Assessment, Jane Close Conoley, Lorrie E. Bryant Jan 1995

4. Multicultural Family Assessment, Jane Close Conoley, Lorrie E. Bryant

Family Assessment

Assessing individuals who are members of minority or recent immigrant groups creates special and critical challenges for psychologists committed to equitable practices (Dana, 1993). As previous chapters in this volume have shown, the goal of accomplishing valid family assessments is daunting in its own right. Culturally sensitive procedures of family evaluation are, perhaps, even more difficult to conceptualize and administer.

This chapter will examine several issues relevant to expertise in assessing families whose cultural framework differs from the majority of the u.s. population. The topics to be covered include:

1. What is cultural sensitivity?
2. What are the important constructs …


Proposed Revision Of The Standard Weight (Ws) Equation For Redear Sunfish, Kevin L. Pope, Michael L. Brown, David W. Willis Jan 1995

Proposed Revision Of The Standard Weight (Ws) Equation For Redear Sunfish, Kevin L. Pope, Michael L. Brown, David W. Willis

Nebraska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit: Staff Publications

Weight-length data were compiled trom 289 redear sunfish Lepomis

microlophus populations. We applied the regression· line-percentile (RLP)

technique to weight-length data for 150 redear sunfish populations to develop

a new 75th-percentile standard weight (Ws) equation. The proposed RLP Ws

equation, log10Ws = -4.968 + 3.119log10TL where Ws is the standard weight

In grams and TL is the total length in millimeters, is valid for fish ≥70 mm TL

The English-unit equivalent, log10Ws = -3.263 + 3.119log10TL where Ws is the

standard weight In pounds and TL is the total length …


Filtration Rates Of The Zebra Mussel (Dreissena Polymorpha) On Natural Seston From Saginaw Bay, Lake Huron, David L. Fanslow, Thomas F. Nalepa, Gregory A. Lang Jan 1995

Filtration Rates Of The Zebra Mussel (Dreissena Polymorpha) On Natural Seston From Saginaw Bay, Lake Huron, David L. Fanslow, Thomas F. Nalepa, Gregory A. Lang

United States Department of Commerce: Staff Publications

Filtration rates of the zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) on natural seston from two different regions in Saginaw Bay were determined on a monthly basis from April to October in 1992 and 1993. The two regions represent contrasting trophic conditions, with the inner bay more eutrophic than the outer bay. Mean filtration rate was 16.2 mL/mg/h (range 4.0 to 40.7 mL/mg/h) over the entire 2-year period. Filtration rates on seston from the inner bay were significantly lower than rates on seston from the outer bay in 1992, but no differences were apparent in 1993. Lower rates were attributed to …


Enantiomerically Enriched Α-Methyl Amino Acids. Use Of An Acyclic, Chiral Alanine-Derived Dianion With A High Diastereofacial Bias., David B. Berkowitz, Marianne K. Smith Jan 1995

Enantiomerically Enriched Α-Methyl Amino Acids. Use Of An Acyclic, Chiral Alanine-Derived Dianion With A High Diastereofacial Bias., David B. Berkowitz, Marianne K. Smith

David Berkowitz Publications

Hindered esters derived from N-benzoylalanine and the following chiral alcohols have been synthesized: (1) (−)-isopinocampheol; (2) (−)-trans-2-phenylcyclohexanol and (3) (−)-8-phenylmenthol. Sequential treatment of these esters with LDA (1.2 equiv.) and n-butyllithium (2.4 equiv.) at −78°C in THF generates the corresponding chiral dianions. Alkylation of each of these with benzyl bromide reveals that only the (−)-8-phenylmenthyl auxiliary confers a high diastereofacial bias upon its derivative dianion. In fact, that dianion (6) consistently displays diastereomeric ratios in the range of 89:11 to 94:6 for alkylations with a spectrum of nine alkyl halides. If one recrystallization step is …