Digital Commons Network^™

13.3.6. Ecology Of Montane Wetlands, James K. Ringelman

Waterfowl Management Handbook

Most waterfowl managers envision typical waterfowl habitat as the undulating or flat terrain characteristic of the prairie pothole region of the north-central United States or the aspen parklands of Canada. However, several other habitats in North America provide valuable resources for breeding and migrating waterfowl. Among these is the Rocky Mountain region of the western United States, which stretches in a band 100&#;500 miles (160&#;800 km) wide and 1,240 miles (1,984 km) long from south-central New Mexico to northern Montana (Figure).

Some Rocky Mountain wetland complexes contain waterfowl breeding densities that equal or exceed those of prairie breeding habitat, and …

13.3.7. Ecology Of Playa Lakes, David A. Haukos, Loren M. Smith

Waterfowl Management Handbook

Between 25,000 and 30,000 playa lakes are in the playa lakes region of the southern high plains (Fig. 1). Most playas are in west Texas (about 20,000), and fewer, in New Mexico, Oklahoma, Kansas, and Colorado. The playa lakes region is one of the most intensively cultivated areas of North America. Dominant crops range from cotton in southern areas to cereal grains in the north. Therefore, most of the native short-grass prairie is gone, replaced by crops and, recently, grasses of the Conservation Reserve Program. Playas are the predominant wetlands and major wildlife habitat of the region.

More than 115 …

Nf92-60 Feeding The Club Calf Properly, Scott Brady, Rick Stock, Doyle Wolverton

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebFact suggests a set of diets for club calves.

G92-1093 Use Of Animal Drugs In Livestock Management, Duane N. Rice, Barbara E. Straw

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

How to handle antibiotics and other drugs to prevent residues in meat while maintaining an effective animal health program.

Use of animal drugs in food animal production must be accepted as a responsibility rather than a right when trying to improve animal health. Drugs should be used to enhance a health program and not as a substitute for good management.

Disease prevention is based on good nutritional and environmental factors, sanitation, and the use of a complete herd health program. Use of vaccines for common diseases and in some cases segregation or culling of infected animals is important. Good management …

Ec92-270-B Conducting Pig Feed Trials On The Farm, Duane E. Reece, Walter W. Stroup

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Extension Circular 92-270-B: The purpose of this circular is to provide fundamental information that must be understood before attempting to conduct a pig feed trial.

Ec92-210 Swine Diet Suggestions, Duane E. Reece, Phillip S. Miller, Austin J. Lewis

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Extension Circular 92-210-A: The purpose of this circular is to provide a basis for a swine feeding program that is based on sound nutrition principles and tailored to the operation. Topics covered in this circular include nutrient allowances, sources of energy, alfalfa in swine diets, protein and amino acids, minerals, vitamins, feed additives, water, methods of feeding, feed quality, and suggested diets.

Nf92-64 Diabetes Resources, Linda S. Boeckner

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebFact contains a list of agencies and organizations that provide education and other services for people with diabetes.

Nf92-61 Fats In The Diet, Linda S. Boeckner

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebFact discusses the nutritive value of fats.

G92-1070 Feeding Dairy Cattle For Proper Body Condition Score, Rick Grant, Jeffrey F. Keown

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide describes feeding and management practices that allow the producer to control body condition throughout lactation and the dry period.

Body condition score is a critical measure of a dairy feeding system's effectiveness. Adequate body fat reserves promote milk production, reproductive efficiency, and herd longevity. Excessively fat cows or overly thin cows run much greater risks of metabolic problems, lower milk yield, poor conception rates, and dystocia (difficult calving). Failure to attain proper body condition or rapid changes in body condition score during early lactation may indicate problems in herd health or feeding management.

Nf92-73 Nutrition And The Athlete: Fueling Your Sport, Linda S. Boeckner

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Increased activity brought on by participating in workouts, training or competition requires extra energy intake. Dietary plans that provide the most efficient energy sources will help to fuel the athlete for success. A diet built around high levels of complex carbohydrates protein intake is the best approach.

G92-1111 Mineral And Vitamin Nutrition Of Dairy Cattle, Rick J. Grant

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide focuses on the best sources of minerals and vitamins, current requirements for production, and feeding practices to best meet these requirements and promote health and productivity of dairy cattle. Dairy cattle require at least 17 minerals and three vitamins in their diet for optimal milk production, reproductive performance, and herd health. Although classical mineral or vitamin deficiency symptoms are rare, in many cases under- and overfeeding of certain minerals and vitamins does occur. Even small imbalances or deficiencies can develop into reproductive, health, and milk production problems. As herd milk production averages in Nebraska climb, it will become …

Nf92-57 Food Safety For Temporary Food Service Establishments, Julie A. Albrecht

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebFact discusses food safety practices for temporary food service establishments.

Nf92-102 Turkey Basics, Julie A. Albrecht

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebFact discusses the handling and cooking of turkey.

Nf92-100 Food Safety Thermometer, Julie A. Albrecht, Susan S. Sumner

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebFact offers a food thermometer for food safety.

Nf92-103 Food Safety For Babysitters, Julie A. Albrecht

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebFact discusses food safety for babysitters.

Nf92-66 Nutrition And The Athlete: General Guidelines, Pre- And Post-Game Advice, Linda S. Boeckner

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

The following information porvides a quick look at what works best in nutritional care for the athlete. For more information consult a professional who is trained in sports nutrition.

Nf92-67 Nutrition And The Athlete: Weight Control For Wrestlers, Linda S. Boeckner

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

The American College of Sports Medicine warns that weight cutting through a combination of food restriction, fluid deprivation and dehydration can be harmful Restrictions of food and/or fluid can hinder normal growth and development in young athletes, impair performance, and endanger the wrestler's health. Coaches and trainers must consider the long-term needs of their student athletes.

Nf92-74 Nutrition And The Athlete: Protein Needs, Linda S. Boeckner

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

The following information explores some of the misconceptions about athletes' protein needs. In spite of current knowledge about protein use in the body, there is still an improper belief that protein supplements will result in a more well-muscled and efficient body. Please read on for an update on protein needs for athletes.

Exogenous Progesterone And Progestins As Used In Estrous Synchrony Regimens Do Not Mimic The Corpus Luteum In Regulation Of Luteinizing Hormone And 17Β-Estradiol In Circulation Of Cows, N. Kojima, T. T. Stumpf, Andrea S. Cupp, L. A. Werth, M. S. Roberson, M. W. Wolfe, Roger J. Kittok, James E. Kinder

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Our working hypothesis was that the low concentrations of progesterone (P₄) and synthetic progestins administered in hormonal regimens to control estrous cycles of cows would have similar effects on secretion of LH and 17β-estradiol (E₂). In addition, we hypothesized that concentrations of exogenous P₄ typical of the midluteal phase of the estrous cycle and the corpus luteum (CL) would have similar effects on LH and E₂, and the effects would be different from those of synthetic progestins and low concentrations of P₄. Cows (n = 29) were randomly assigned to one …

Chloroplast Heteroplasmicity Is Stabilized By An Amber-Suppressor Tryptophan TrnaCua, Weizhu Yu, Robert J. Spreitzer

Department of Biochemistry: Faculty Publications

Photosynthesis-deficient mutants of the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii were previously shown to arise from nonsense mutations within the chloroplast rbcL gene, which encodes the large subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (EC 4.1.1.39). Photosynthesiscompetent revertants of these nonsense mutants have often been found to be stably heteroplasmic, giving rise to both mutant and revertant cells during mitotic or meiotic divisions under nonselective growth conditions. It was proposed that the stable heteroplasmicity might arise from a balanced polymorphism of suppressor and wild-type alleles of a tRNA gene maintained within the polyploid chloroplast genome. In the present study, we have focused on determining the …

Nitrogen Mineralization In Soils Of A Chaparral Watershed In Arizona, James O. Klemmedson, Brian J. Wienhold

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

This study was undertaken to extend our knowledge of nutrient availability in soils of the Arizona chaparral. Our objective was to determine the effect of shrub species and topographic aspect on N mineralization of soils from a watershed in central Arizona and to relate N mineralization to other soil properties. Soil for an incubation study was collected from the 0- to 2- and 2- to 10-cm soil layers beneath the canopy of 32 randomly selected shrubs, eight each of birchleaf mountain mahogany (Cercocarpus betutoides Nutt. ex. Torr. & A. Gray) and shrub live oak (Quercus turbinetta Greene) from …

Lignification Of Switchgrass (Panicurn Virgatum) And Big Bluestem (Andropogon Gerardii) Plant Parts During Maturation And Its Effect On Fibre Degradability, Hans-Joachim G. Jung, Kenneth P. Vogel

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Five cultivars of switchgrass (Panicurn virgatum L) and four cultivars of big bluestem (Andropogon gerurdii Vitman) were harvested at vegetative, boot and heading stages of maturity. Leaf and stem fractions were analysed for detergent fibre composition and 48-h ruminal in-vitro degradability, ester- and ether-linked non-core lignin phenolic acids, and core lignin composition. Big bluestem leaves contained more neutral detergent fibre than switchgrass, but general composition of the fibre did not differ. Stem fibre of switchgrass had relatively lower levels of cellulose and lignin at the vegetative stage than observed in big bluestem. Esterified and etherified p-coumaric and ferulic …

The Eukaryotic Initiation Factor 2-Associated 67-Kda Polypeptide (P67) Plays A Critical Role In Regulation Of Protein Synthesis Initiation In Animal Cells, Manas K. Ray, Bansidhar Datta, Arup Charkraborty, Ansuman Chattopadhyay, Susanne Meza-Keuthen, Naba K. Gupta

Department of Chemistry: Faculty Publications

The eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF-2)- associated 67-kDa polypeptide (p⁶⁷) isolated from reticulocyte lysate protects the eIF-2 α subunit from eIF-2 kinase-catalyzed phosphorylation and promotes protein synthesis in the presence of active eIF-2 kinases. We have now studied the roles of p⁶⁷ and eIF-2 kinases in regulation of protein synthesis using several animal cell lysates and an animal cell line (KRC-7) in culture under various growth conditions. The results are as follows. (i) Both p⁶⁷ and eIF-2 kinase(s) are present in active forms in all animal cells under normal growth conditions and p^{67 …}

Parasitology As An Interpretive Tool In Archaeology, Karl J. Reinhard

Karl Reinhard Publications

Parasitological studies of archaeological sites can be used to interpret past behavior and living conditions. During the 1980s problem-oriented research into prehistoric- and historical-period parasitism developed and resulted in thefield of archaeoparasitology. Archaeoparasitology attempts to integrate parasite data into archaeological theory and interpretation. Within the last decade, four major archaeoparasitological laboratories emerged. They developed interpretive frameworks that apply parasitological data to a remarkable variety of prehistoric behaviors. Parasite remains can be used to reconstruct aspects of diet, health, and other behaviors such as transhumance and trade. Finally. analysis of the distribution of parasite remains can be used to interpret aspects …

Population Recovery Of The Whooping Crane With Emphasis On Reintroduction Efforts: Past And Future, David H. Ellis, James C. Lewis, George F. Gee, Dwight G. Smith

Proceedings of the North American Crane Workshop

The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) began building a captive whooping crane (Grus americana) colony at Patuxent Wildlife Research Center (patuxent), Maryland, in 1966. From 1976 to 1984, 73 eggs from this colony and 216 eggs from Wood Buffalo National Park (Wood Buffalo), Canada, nests were placed in sandhill crane (G. canadensis) nests at Grays Lake National Wildlife Refuge (Grays Lake), Idaho, the site of the first whooping crane reintroduction attempt. Although 84 chicks fledged from the 289 eggs, the egg transfer program has been discontinued because of inordinately high mortality (only ca. 13 birds remain …

Food And Feeding Habits Of Released Florida Sandhill Cranes, Christine R. Rucker

Proceedings of the North American Crane Workshop

Food habits of 4 pairs of free-ranging Florida sandhill cranes (Grus canadensis pratensis) on St. Catherine's Island, Georgia, were studied from May to October 1990. Food items were identified and quantified at close range « 10 m). The 4 pairs varied in how they used plant and animal resources (P < 0.0001). Animal material in the diets averaged 19.1 % and ranged from 13.4 to 36.7%. Plant material averaged 80.9% in the pairs' diets. Major foods included subsurface bulbs, roots, and tubers of yellow star grass (Hypoxis micrantha), catbrier (Smilax glauca), and false garlic (Allium bivalva), longleaf pine seeds (Pinus palustris), and insects. Food habits shifted seasonally for all pairs (P < 0.(001). In July and August the percent occurrences of yellow star grass and false garlic in the diets were > 50 %. During September and October pine seed occurrence was > 75 % in the diets of …

Lead Poisoning In A Whooping Crane, S. Bret Synder, Michael J. Richard, John P. Thilsted, Roderick C. Drewien, James C. Lewis

Proceedings of the North American Crane Workshop

The first known incident of lead poisoning in a whooping crane (Grus americana) occurred as the affected bird completed its second migration from Grays Lake National Wildlife Refuge (NWR), Idaho to Bosque del Apache NWR, New Mexico. It fell ill about 4 1/2 weeks after reaching the winter site and was captured. The bird exhibited signs of anorexia and starvation, weakness with drooped wings, greenish watery diarrhea and an unusual gaping of the mouth with abnormal swallowing motions. Blood showed marked polychromasia (>50%) and reticulocytosis (>80%) of RBC's. Serum chemistry values were not diagnostic. A radiograph …

New Diets For Production Of House Flies And Stable Flies (Diptera: Muscidae) In The Laboratory, Jerome Hogsette

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

A diet for rearing the house fly, Musca domestica (L.), was developed from feed constituents available on a year-round basis in Gainesville, FL. The diet, called the Gainesville House Fly Diet, performed as well or better than the Chemical Specialties Manufacturers' Association fly larval medium (CSMA) and can be mixed, bagged, and delivered by a local feed mill within 3 d. By adding pelleted peanut hulls 1:1 by volume, the house fly diet becomes suitable for rearing the stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.). Use of these diets and the economics involved are discussed further.

A Preliminary Study Of Antibiotic Sensitivity Of Planktonic Bacteria From Cultures Of The Brine Shrimp Artemia Franciscana Kellogg, James R. Rosowski, Eugene D. Ayotte, Julie A. Peterson, Eugene L. Martin

Transactions of the Nebraska Academy of Sciences and Affiliated Societies

Great Salt Lake-biotype brine shrimp cysts were added to 440-1 saltwater cultures maintained at 20° ,25° , and 30° C. A micronized corn-byproduct was added each day as food. Planktonic bacteria found during growth of the brine shrimp were enumerated on Plate Count Agar (Difco). From the 25° and 30° brine shrimp cultures, a total of seven prevalent bacterial types (five gram-negative and two gram-positive) were isolated from throughout the 12-day growth cycle. Eight antimicrobial agents were tested against these bacteria, with chloramphenicol the most effective antibacterial agent overall, followed by erythromycin and carbenicillin. The bacterial density of the culture …

Plant Resistance To Insect Herbivores: A Field Test Of The Environmental Stress Hypothesis, Svata M. Louda, Sharon K. Collinge

Svata M. Louda Publications

We tested the hypothesis that environmental stresses decrease overall plant resistance to insect herbivory in the field and evaluated biochemical mechanisms proposed to explain insect response to stressed plants. To impose a stress treatment, we severed lateral roots and rhizomes of a native crucifer (bittercress, Cardamine cordifolia) and quantified plant and herbivore responses for treatment and control clones. Severing roots and rhizomes once, early in the growing season: (1) produced moderate, but detectable, changes in plant physiological traits, specifically greater transient leaf water deficits at midday (P < .05) and elevated nitrate-nitrogen concentrations (P < .05); (2) altered plant quality, by causing an increase in soluble carbohydrates (P < .003), isoleucine concentrations in leaves (P < .01), and possibly glucosinolate concentration (P < .10), but made no differences in most primary nutrient concentrations, including total nitrogen, total free amino nitrogen, total amino acids, proline, and leaf water content; and (3) led to increased herbivore by chewing and leaf-mining (P < .001), but not by sap-feeding, insect herbivores. Trends toward decreased plant stature and fruit reproduction were not significant after 1 mo. In addition to the significant effect of our treatment, we found extensive variation in the magnitude of response to stress and herbivory among replicates. We hypothesize that environmentally induced physiological variation among plants within a plant population commonly distributes insect herbivore disproportionately onto a subset of the individuals, and in so doing influences the demography, distribution, and evolution of that plant population.