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Historical Ecology As A Research Program, Daniel R. Brooks, Deborah A. Mclennan

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Modern evolutionary biology is the descendant of two theories proposed by Darwin. First, all organisms are connected by common genealogy, and second, the form and function of organisms is closely tied to the environments in which they live. Of these two theories, the role of the first (phylogeny) in evolutionary explanations has been diminishing in some fields, most notably in ecology and ethology. However, the last ten years have witnessed the beginning of a reversal in this trend. With increasing frequency, ecologists (Wanntorp et aI., 1990; Maurer and Brooks, submitted), ethologists (Dobson, 1985; Huey and Bennett, 1987; Mclennan et aI., …

Coprolite Analysis: A Biological Perspective On Archaeology, Karl J. Reinhard, Baughn M. Bryant Jr

Karl Reinhard Publications

The most remarkable dietary remains recoverable from archaeological contexts are coprolites. Coprolites are desiccated or mineralized feces that are preserved in sheltered and open sites in arid regions, primarily in the New World. These dietary remains are remarkable from several perspectives. They typically contain a variety of macroscopic and microscopic remains that form interrelated data sets for the reconstruction of diets. Because contexts containing coprolites are typified by excellent preservation, the remains coprolites contain tend to be in better states of preservation than dietary remains recovered from nonfecal deposits. Coprolites also contain the well-preserved remains of intestinal parasites and pathogens …

Vertebral Pathology In Prehistoric And Historic Skeletons From Northeastern Nebraska, Karin L. Sandness, Karl J. Reinhard

Karl Reinhard Publications

Vertebral pathology has long been a useful criterion for anthropologists in the assessment of activity patterns, stress, and general health of extinct peoples. This method of analysis, however, has never been applied to the peoples of the Nebraska Great Plains. This study is the first to concentrate on the indigenous Native Americans of this region, examining the spinal pathology present in the prehistoric and historic skeletal remains. Pathology present in the form of spondylolysis, Schmorl's nodes, osteophytosis (degenerative disc disease), and osteoarthritis (degenerative joint disease), provides evidence to suggest differing activity patterns and levels of stress in Plains groups before …

Dan Canyon Burial: A Piii Burial In Glen Canyon National Recreation Area, Steve Dominguez, Karl Reinhard, Kari L. Sandness, Cherie A. Edwards, Dennis Danielson, F. A. Calabrese, Chris Kincaid

Karl Reinhard Publications

The Dan Canyon burial was discovered at a time when the philosophy, ethics, and legislation concerning the study of human remains are in a state of flux. A number of important sensitive issues germane to managers, archeologists, and American Indians are discussed in the introduction. The subsequent analysis provides a detailed scientific account of these remains and a glimpse of a segment of a people's past lifeway while remaining sensitive to the wishes of the American Indians.

The burial and associated grave goods of site 42SA21339 were exposed by wave action in a location frequented by boaters at the Glen …

Microphallus Fonti Sp. N. (Digenea: Microphallidae) From The Red Swamp Crawfish In Southern United States, Robin M. Overstreet, Richard W. Heard, Jeffrey M. Lotz

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

A new species of digenean, Microphallus fonti, is described from the red swamp crawfish in Louisiana, USA. It has a small pharynx and a rudimentary gut like M. opacus and possibly related species from crayfishes, but it differs from them by its relatively large male copulatory papilla and a conspicuous metraterm.

Crossbreeding Systems And The Theory Behind Composite Breeds, James A, Gosey

Range Beef Cow Symposium

Crossbreeding serves the beef cattle industry as a tool to improve productivity through heterosis (hybrid vigor) and through complementarity (combining different breed strengths) to match genetic resources to various feed resources, climates, management levels and markets. Commercial cattlemen need to understand the principles of crossbreeding so they can adapt crossbreeding to their specific environment and needs. Seedstock breeders must be able to intelligently advise their commercial customers and know where their seedstock best fits into crossbreeding programs. Cattlemen today can be much more sophisticated in their approach to using crossbreeding. They realize many of the crossbreeding mistakes of the past …

Matching Cattle Nutrient Requirements To A Ranch’S Forage Resource, Or “Why We Calve Late”, Gregg Simonds

Range Beef Cow Symposium

Our goal at Deseret Land and Livestock is to maximize long-term profit. Our profit is a function of the following factors: the prices we receive for our production, our amount of production, the costs of production, and the productive capabilities of our land and labor. Prices, production, and cost are managed on an annual basis. The long-term outcome of one’s management is determined by their attention and skill in enhancing the capability of land and labor.

These factors of profit can vary tremendously within and between years. For example, prices for 400-500 pound steer calves from 1979-1989 varied nearly $.58/pound …

Retained Ownership Revisited: Balancing Market Prices And Genetic Potential, John J. Wagner, Dillon M. Feuz

Range Beef Cow Symposium

Retained ownership is a marketing strategy that involves maintaining ownership of young cattle beyond calf weaning, a traditional marketing time for many producers. Numerous retained ownership strategies exist. It is extremely important for producers and their lenders to clearly understand the advantages and disadvantages of a specific retained ownership strategy in order to fully evaluate profit potential.

The advantages and disadvantages of retained ownership have been discussed by several authors. Advantages include 1) compensation for superior genetics, 2) reduction in market inefficiencies, 3) increased quality control in beef, 4) reduction in market risk for frost or drought damaged crops and …

Consumer Perceptions: The Good, The Bad, And The Ugly, Amy Barr

Range Beef Cow Symposium

With over 105 years of editorial and consumer research experience, which influences 27 million consumers, we at Good Housekeeping know that the 1990's will be an era of enormous change with a hold on traditions of the past.

How Much Fat Can The Different Segments Of Our Industry Accept?, Bill Mies

Range Beef Cow Symposium

The management of fat content of the carcass, both subcutaneous fat and marbling, will be the challenge of the future for the cattle feeders of the U.S. The cattle feeder will have to juggle carcass weights, quality grade and yield grade in order to determine the appropriate end point for fed cattle. The input data for decisions will be the Choice-Select spread, yield grade discounts, feed costs, interest costs, cost of feeder cattle and genetic potential of the cattle in question.

There is a perception among cattle feeders that, in the future, the packers will simply dictate the type of …

Evaluation And Practical Use Of Research Results For Developing Grazing Strategies, Patrick Reese

Range Beef Cow Symposium

Given the diversity of potential objectives and production environments there are many types of research beyond grazing studies that can be used to design grazing strategies. Management perception and awareness of information are important factors in the development of creative and efficient grazing strategies. Well thought out and clearly documented goals and objectives will help to identify the kind of information that is needed. Grazing strategies should be financially and ecologically sound in respect to management objectives, but most importantly, they should be as simple and risk free as possible. The relative value of any information must be based upon …

Making Riparian Area Protection A Workable Part Of Grazing Management, Quentin D. Skinner

Range Beef Cow Symposium

Riparian areas are recognized as the green area immediately adjacent to water, such as streams, springs, rivers, ponds, and lakes. They are identified by the presence of vegetation that requires large amounts of water during plant growing seasons (Figure 1). These narrow zones of green vegetation make up only a small proportion of the total area of the lower mountain elevations, foothills, and basin areas of the western United States. They serve as a transition zone between the more plentiful surrounding drier land or (upland) vegetation types and aquatic ecosystems supported by a particular source of water. Because of the …

Protein Versus Grain Supplementation For Cows Grazing Winter Range, Don C. Adams

Range Beef Cow Symposium

Grazing rangeland during the fall-winter is common on many cattle ranches. Fall-winter grazing of cows generally reduces production costs when compared to feeding a full ration of harvested feeds. Fall-winter range forages alone may not maintain body weight and condition of the cow. Grazing fall-winter range generally has associated cost for supplemental feeds. This paper will look at the effects of protein and grain supplementation on cow performance and the costs of supplements.

Increase Profit: Feeding Cows By Body Condition And Production Potential, Ivan G. Rush

Range Beef Cow Symposium

For the last several years cattlemen have stressed high production, especially weaning weight in their cow calf operations. It was felt, m order to be profitable output from the cow herd must be maximized. As a result, of selection for both growth and milking ability of the cow has markedly increased weaning weights and in most herds mature cow size has also increased. Compared to 10-12 years ago, today we are producing 90-95% of the beef with 2/3 of the cows.

As we expect more from the cow, nutrient intake must also increase. In many cases producers have been able …

Management Strategies For Improving The Re-Breeding Of The Cow, James E. Kinder, Leree A. Werth

Range Beef Cow Symposium

What are the primary factors that influence the ability of cows to rebreed following calving? From a broad perspective, two key factors influence when conception occurs. First, cows must initiate estrous (heat) cycles following calving to provide the proper conditions for conception to be possible. Secondly those events involved in conception must occur. We will discuss what has to occur before estrous cycles are initiated. The influence of the presence of bulls on initiation of estrous cycles is emphasized. In the second section of the paper, we describe conception rates in 2 and 3 year old cows during the early …

How Do Resources Influence Time Of Calving: “Why We Calve Early”, John N. Price

Range Beef Cow Symposium

When I was asked to give this presentation on “WHY WE CALVE EARLY” I said this is easy “because it works for us.” Now that I sit down and think about why it works I find myself going over five generations of inspirations, frustrations, work, sleepless nights, and determination to understand why “IT WORKS FOR US”.

The Price Ranch is a family operation that has been in the family for five generations. The present day Prices consist of my father Richard Price, stepmother Lylamae, wife and best friend Pam, three children John R., Shannon and Angela and two excellent full …

Management Of High Nitrate Forages, Doug L. Hixon

Range Beef Cow Symposium

Each year various regions of western range country are affected by weather and other environmental conditions that stress growing plants, causing them to accumulate nitrates. Of 183 forage samples analyzed for nitrates at the Wyoming State Chemical Lab from July 1 to December 31, 1989, 27% had potassium nitrate levels of 1.5% or greater. At these levels, when ingested by livestock and particularly cattle, the possibility of nitrate toxicoses are highly probable. In this paper, an attempt will be made to review the literature in order to give the producer a better understanding of potential problems and precautions necessary to …

Prevention And Control Of Trichomoniasis, William G. Kvasnicka

Range Beef Cow Symposium

Weather, nutrition, public land policy, marketing options, and diseases all influence the sustainability and profitability of cow-calf enterprises in the United States. One of the diseases is trichomoniasis. It is a venereal disease of cattle causing reproductive failure and considerable economic loss in areas of the world where natural breeding is used.(1,2) The disease is one of the most common infectious diseases causing decreased reproductive efficiency in beef cattle in the western United States.(1)

If Immunity Fails, Don’T Pick On Your Drug Salesman – It May Be Nutritional, Cheryl F. Nockels

Range Beef Cow Symposium

“But I vaccinated those calves for enterotoxemia, they couldn’t have died from Clostridium perfringens. That vaccine must not be any good! Just wait until I get hold of that drug company salesperson.” Does this scenario or a similar experience seem familiar to you? I’m not saying that there aren’t times when vaccines fail to cause the animal to produce its own protective response by stimulating the immune system. A substance foreign to the body that induces the immune system to response is called an antigen, as found in vaccines or organisms such as bacteria or viruses. An animal’s immunological …

Are Your Range Cattle Wormy: Does It Make “Cents” To De-Worm?, William R. Jolley

Range Beef Cow Symposium

Range cattle provide room and board for a large variety of flatworm and roundworm parasites. A parasite is by definition an agent that inflicts a degree of harm to a host, and the damage caused depends on the innate abilities, size of the population, duration of infection and other factors tied to the parasite. Host-related factors are also important, including breed, age, sex and condition. The damage to animals may be obvious, with clinical signs including diarrhea, loss of weight, “bottle jaw” (swelling under the jaw), rough hair coat, reproductive/breeding dysfunction and, in severe cases, feed waste due to an …

Early Death Loss In Calves From Diarrhea, John U. Thomson

Range Beef Cow Symposium

Death loss in the calf crop is associated with the cost of the calf, labor, lost cow production, and stress on the ranch or farm management. One should be aware that the cause of death in most diarrheic calves is metabolic acidosis and/or dehydration (1). Many calves will survive the common pathogens causing diarrhea when proper supportive therapy is provided. The diarrheic calf can be treated without knowledge of the specific etiological agent, however, a definitive diagnosis can assist in the development of helpful prevention and management practices (2). Identifying the causative agent can be helpful in selection of the …

Nebline, December 1991

NEBLINE Newsletter Archive from Nebraska Extension in Lancaster County

Ag Update: Agricultural News & Events

Home Extension News

On-the-Grow: Horticulture News & Recommendations

The Cloverline: 4-H News and Events

Extension Calendar

and other extension news

The Prairie Naturalist Volume 23, No. 4. December 1991

The Prairie Naturalist

Paul B. Kannowski, Editor

Nikki R. Seabloom, Assistant Editor

Douglas H. Johnson, Book Review Editor

CONTENTS

KENTUCKY BLUEGRASS RESPONSE TO BURNING: INTERACTIONS BETWEEN FIRE AND SOIL MOISTURE ▪ G. W. Blankespoor and B. S. Bich

FORAGE PRODUCTION AND USE ON BIGHORN SHEEP WINTER RANGE

FOLLOWING SPRING BURNING IN GRASSLAND AND PONDEROSA PINE HABITATS ▪ T. G. Easterly and K. J. Jenkins

SHORT-TERM MORTALITY OF SMALLMOUTH BASS CAUGHT DURING A LIVE-RELEASE TOURNAMENT AT LAKE OAHE, SOUTH DAKOTA ▪ J. J. Jackson and D. W. Willis

CRAYFISH IN SAND LAKE NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE ▪ C. D. Dieter

PIPING PLOVERS NEST ON DRY …

Nebline, November 1991

NEBLINE Newsletter Archive from Nebraska Extension in Lancaster County

Ag Update: Agricultural News & Events

Home Extension News

On-the-Grow: Horticulture News & Recommendations

The Cloverline: 4-H News and Events

Extension Calendar

and other extension news

Cottontail Rabbit: Eastern Cottontail (Sylvilagus Floridanis)

Nebraska Game and Parks Commission: Publications

Cottontail Rabbit:
Description
Distribution and Range
Habitat and Home
Habits
Foods
Reproduction
Mortality
Importance
Management

Introduction Of Marilyn E. Scott As The Henry Baldwin Ward Medalist For 1991, Daniel R. Brooks

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Transcript of the introduction of Marilyn E. Scott as the American Society of Parasitologists Henry Baldwin Ward Medalist for 1991, by Daniel R. Brooks.

Comparison Of Methods Of Estimating Variance Components In Pigs, J. W. Keele, T. E. Long, R. K. Johnson

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Components of variance due to average effects of genes (σ _g²), environmental effects common to littermates (σ _c²), and environmental effects peculiar to individual pigs (σ _e² )were estimated (ˆ) by the Pseudo Expectation Approach (PE). Data were litter size (LS), backfat (BF; centimeter) and ADG (kilograms/day) collected from the Nebraska Gene Pool swine population between 1967 and 1986. Mean square errors (MSE) for ĥ² and ĉ² (ô_g² and ô_c² divided by phenotypic variance) by PE and nested ANOVA and h² estimated by offspring on parent regression (REGOP) …

Nebline, October 1991

NEBLINE Newsletter Archive from Nebraska Extension in Lancaster County

Ag Update: Agricultural News & Events

Home Extension News

On-the-Grow: Horticulture News & Recommendations

The Cloverline: 4-H News and Events

Extension Calendar

and other extension news

Agricultural Experiment Station News October 1991

Agricultural Research Division: News and Annual Reports

CONTENTS:
ETHICS AND CREDIBILITY IN SCIENCE
REMINDER - RESEARCH PROPOSAL PROCEDURES
CHANGE IN CURRENT INDIRECT COST RATE FOR RESEARCH PROJECTS
RECOGNITION OF JUNIOR FACULTY FOR EXCELLENCE IN RESEARCH
FY 1990 ARD RESEARCH EFFORTS CLASSIFIED BY PROGRAM ELEMENT
FY 1990 ARD EXPENDITURES BY SOURCE
NEW OR REVISED PROJECTS
SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE RESEARCH AND EDUCATION PROGRAM
FEDERAL COMPETITIVE GRANTS
1989 FARM INCOME NORTH CENTRAL REGION
RANKINGS OF UNL RESEARCH EXPENDITURES - FISCAL YEAR 1989
GRANTS AND CONTRACTS RECEIVED AUGUST & SEPTEMBER, 1991

1992 Beef Cattle Report, Darrell W. Nelson

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Economic efficiency of beef production to weaning and to slaughter was estimated in three groups, different in milk available (low, medium, and high) to the calves but the same in growth potential. Efficiency was the ratio of income to expenses. Income was derived from cull cows and calves at weaning or carcasses of calves fed to slaughter. Feed and non-feed expenses for the cowherd and for calves to weaning or to slaughter were included. Efficiencies were estimated assuming observed reproductive rates and energy requirements for maintenance, as well as for equal reproductive rates and equal requirements for maintenance in the …