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Economic Evaluation Of Breeding Objectives In Sheep And Goats: General Considerations, J. W. James

World Congress on Genetics Applied to Livestock Production: 3rd (1986)

The procedures to be followed and some of the problems which arise in defining breeding objectives are discussed. Special emphasis is given to attempts to reconcile conflicts between different bases of evaluation, and it is concluded that from a long-term viewpoint, efficiency should be the goal of the breeder, where efficiency is measured as the ratio of the value of all inputs to the value of all outputs. In the shorter term, or where artificial distortions of markets occur, other objectives may be preferred. Goals should be clearly distinguished from selection criteria, and this will be more likely to be …

Evaluation And Utilization Of Breed Resources: Sheep And Goats, R. L. Baker

World Congress on Genetics Applied to Livestock Production: 3rd (1986)

I believe just a few brief introductory remarks to this plenary session are needed. We are discussion three distinct topics in this session and the reason for choosing them warrants some brief comment.

In the plenary session on Sheep and Goat Genetics and Breeding at this conference in Madrid in 1982 there were two papers relating to breed evaluation and utilization. Dr. Alan Quartermain discussed the utilization of breed resources in the improvement of goat productivity, while Dr. Neil Clarke comprehensively reviewed utilization of breed resources in the improvement of sheep productivity.

Evaluation Of Inter-Flock Genetic Improvement Programs For Sheep And Goats, G. B. Nicoll, L. Bodin, J. V. Jonmundson

World Congress on Genetics Applied to Livestock Production: 3rd (1986)

Some of the factors involved in inter-flock or breed improvement programs are discussed. Such programs are complicated by the fact that sheep and goats produce a wide range of products under diverse environmental, management and economic circumstances. This leads to problems in defining realistic breeding objectives arising from determining the beneficiaries of genetic improvement, the major genetic decision makers in the industry and the relative importance of the various productive characteristics. The implementation of functional performance recording systems, breeding systems to generate young sire replacements, and testing systems to disseminate genetic improvement, also depend on the conditions under which the …

Evaluation Of Industry Breeding Programs For Sheep And Goats Introduction And Overview, J. N. Clarke

World Congress on Genetics Applied to Livestock Production: 3rd (1986)

In his introduction to the Plenary Session of the First World Congress on Genetics Applied to Livestock Production for Sheep, Rae (1974) pointed to the wide diversity of sheep production systems throughout the world. Goats add further to this range in production environments, husbandry systems and to the variety of products for which these two domestic species are farmed. Such variety makes any consolidated review of Genetic Improvement Programs for sheep and Goats very difficult, especially if all important operational features of ~e production and marketing circumstances for each end product are to be considered in evaluating the success of …

Genetic Prediction For Beef In United States, R. L. Willham

World Congress on Genetics Applied to Livestock Production: 3rd (1986)

Beef performance programs have come a long way since their start after World War II as a means of within-herd improvement. Now performance programs can be used to rank young animals on all the available information across all the herds of a breed. Opportunity exists to design and conduct performance programs that can be used to promote the breed, enhance management decision making, and make real genetic change in the breed.

Preliminary Results On Fertility, Prolificacy, Lamb Production, And Carcass Traits Of Romanov Sheep In Canada, Mohamed Hamed Fahmy

World Congress on Genetics Applied to Livestock Production: 3rd (1986)

Performance of 14 ewes imported from France and their progeny born in Canada over a period of five years are reported. Least-squares means for fertility were 100% for ewes mated in the fall and winter and 42% for those mated in the summer (May - June). Litter size at birth (2.86 ± .15) and at weaning (2.10 ± .15) were significantly affected by season of mating and parity. The most prolific matings were those of the fall (3.18) and of ewes in their 5th parity (3.54). On the average .52 (18.2%) lambs died at birth and a further .25 (8.7%) …

Block And Bridle Annual, 1986

Block and Bridle Annual (1933–2021)

Table of Contents:

Staff
Contents & Emblem
Animal Science Dept. Chairman Address
President's Address
Meeting Calendar
Activities Calendar
Treasurer's Report
Advisors
Animal Science Faculty
Faculty Secretaries
Graduate students
Animal Science Liason
Block & Bridle Members
Block & Bridle Initiates
Block & Bridle Officers
Block & Bridle Executives
Block & Bridle Seniors
State Fair Awards
Steak Fry
Little AK-SAR-BEN
Queen Coronation
Regional Meetings
Kids Day
Ham sales
Christmas Coffee
Quadrathalon
Nebraska Big Red Beef Show
Quarter Horse Show
Meats Contest
1985 Honors Banquet
1985 Honoree
Past Honorees
Horse Judging Team
Livestock Judging Teams
Meats Judging Team
Index of Advertisers

Genetic Trend In Milk Yield Of Exotic Cattle In India, D. K. Sadana, V. N. Tripathi

World Congress on Genetics Applied to Livestock Production: 3rd (1986)

For the purebred exotic cattle in India the phenotypic and genetic trends were estimated. While the phenotypic trends were positive for all the four farms, the genetic trend was found to be negative for three and positive for one. This necessitates a higher emphasis on progeny testing and sire selection for the improvement of the imported breeds.

Heterosis For Preweaning Traits In Devon-Hereford Crosses Under Temperate Range Conditions, A. L. Gyles, W. H. Upton, K. Hammond, J. M. Thompson, B. Tier

World Congress on Genetics Applied to Livestock Production: 3rd (1986)

Heterosis for gestation length. birth weight. suckling stimulus. weaning weight and preweaning growth was estimated from the first years data of a complete two-breed diallel with the Devon and Hereford breeds. involving 119 calves by 29 sires grown together under temperate grazing conditions at Gunnedah. New South Wales. Australia.

Estimates of heterosis (and average mid-parent values) for gestation length were 0.2% (282.9 days); birth weight 6.5% (32.6kg); suckling stimulus 22.9% (3.51/day); weaning weight 5.9% (155.1kg); and average daily gain to weaning 7.0% (0.6kg/day).

Reproduction Ability Of Reciprocal Crossbreed Fl Generation By Sheep Of Mutton Merino Of German Type And By Rams Of The Breed Kent-Romney Marsh, Bora Cumlivski

World Congress on Genetics Applied to Livestock Production: 3rd (1986)

Using the initial breeds which have been followed since 1970 we are creating a Czech Merino Breed with utility combined of fertility, meat, woll and milk, which might be suitable for conditions in Central Europe.

Impact Of Industry Structure, Intensity Of Production And Resource Constraints On Research Breeding Objectives, J. W. Wilton

World Congress on Genetics Applied to Livestock Production: 3rd (1986)

The importance of the structure of the beef industry with respect to crossbreeding programs and division into cow-calf and feedlot segments; intensity of production with respect to market standards, feeds and labour; and resource constraints with respect to feed, labour, land and capital; are discussed and quantified where possible. The use of discounted gene flow provides estimates of relative expression rates which differ with crossbreeding programs and relative sizes of populations of purebred and commercial cattle. The importance of feedback from feedlot to cow-calf to purebred operation is emphasized, for both discounted expression rates and modelling approaches. The composition and …

Body Weight Of Horne Vs. Polled–Sired Awassi Lambs, J. E. Alkass, A. A. Alrawi, A. H. Al-Hillali, H. M. A. Al-Tayy

World Congress on Genetics Applied to Livestock Production: 3rd (1986)

body weights of 120 progeny of horned and polled Awassi rams were compared. Ram group significantly influenced body weight at weaning (p < 0.01), 6 (p < 0.05) and 8 month (p < 0.01) of age in favour of horned-sires. It has been hypothesized that polled gene to exhibit overdominance and / or epistasis for body weight in the heterozygous lambs.

Ram lambs were significantly heavier than ewe lambs at all ages, and single lambs were significantly heavier at birth and weaning. Month of lambing had a significant effect on weaning weight. The effect of age of dam on birth weight was significant.

Feed Intake Of Dairy Cows As An Economic Selection Trait, Hans O. Gravert, Klaus Pabst

World Congress on Genetics Applied to Livestock Production: 3rd (1986)

32 pairs of monozygons twins were fed ad lib. with a complete diet feed during the first 20 weeks post partum. The heritablity (in broader sense) for milk yield, feed intake and energy deficit was 0.39, 0.17 and 0.19 resp. the genetic and phenotypic correlations between daily milk yield and feed intake were 0.14 and 0.26 resp. Therefore selection for feed intake should be based on progeny groups of A. J. bulls. To estimate the feed intake under field conditions the content of ketone-bodies in milk at first and second test day p.p. can be combined with the milk yield …

Estimation Of Genetic Relationships Among Milk Records For First Three Lactations Using Reml For An Animal Model, H. H. Swalve, L. D. Van Vleck

World Congress on Genetics Applied to Livestock Production: 3rd (1986)

In dairy cattle breeding, genetic relationships among lactation records are of special interest because most selection operated on first lactations. This selection also complicates estimation of genetic parameters. Techniques which give estimates unbiased by selection should be used. Estimation was done using EM-type REML for an animal model neglecting relationships across herds. Records were from 3,070 Holstein cows which had the fist lactation recorded. Estimates after 17 rounds of iteration for heritabilities and genetic correlations were: h²₁=.33, h²₂=.32, h²₃=.33, r₁₂=.88, r₁₃= .83, r₂₃= .86. Within …

Evaluation Of Nelore, Canchim, Santa Gertrudis, Holstein, Brown Swiss And Caracu As Sire Breeds In Matings With Nelore Cows: Effects On Progeny Growth, Carcass Traits And Crossbred Productivity, A. G. Razook, P. R. Leme, I. U. Packer, A. Luchiari Filho, R. F. Nordos, J. B. Trovo, C. N. Z. Capelozza, F. L. Pires, J. Nascimento, C. Barbosa, J. L. B. Coutinho, W. J. Oliveira

World Congress on Genetics Applied to Livestock Production: 3rd (1986)

Over three calf crops, 1096 exposures of 380 Nelore (a Zebu breed) cows to 6 sire breeds Nelore (N), Canchim (C), Santa Gertrudis (G), Holstein (H), Brown Swiss (S), and Caracu (K), resulted in 644 calves weaned for a 63% calving rate. Sire breed effect was significant for birth weight, weaning weight, 13 mo weight and 18 mo weight. HN and SN calves were the heaviest at all weight periods wile CN, GN, and KN calves were the intermediates. Average daily gain from 18 mo to slaughter age was measured in 125 males finished in feed lot and 116 on …

Optimization Of A Selection Scheme For Milk Composition And Yield In Milking Ewes: Example Of The Lacaune Breed, F. Barillet, J. M. Elsen, M. Roussely

World Congress on Genetics Applied to Livestock Production: 3rd (1986)

Management of the genetic improvement of milking ewes depends: on the obvious fact that they are both dairy animals and sheep. This paper deals with the Lacaune breed situation in France. It paints out the way to build the selection scheme,on two particular aspects:the need to rationalize and simplify milk recording both for milk composition and milk yield, and the concurrent use of AI and natural mating, within the scope of a pyramidal management of the population. We sum up the main results of studies on these different aspects in this paper. In the course of the last twenty years,phenotypic …

Genetic Divergence In Component Strains Of Karan-Fries Cattle, R. K. Sethi, M. Gurnani

World Congress on Genetics Applied to Livestock Production: 3rd (1986)

Data on 50 percent and higher Holstein Friesian crossbred genetic groups revealed significant differences with respect to age at first calving, first lactation 305 days yield, dry period and service period. 91.7 percent of the divergence among genetic groups was contributed by 305 days lactation yield. F₁ crossbreds formed separate cluster. Among the higher crosses (75% and above) genetic groups involving only 2 breeds formed separate cluster from genetic groups involving three breeds. Three breed cluster was farthest from the F₁ crossbreds cluster. There was an indication of all the clusters having animals of good genetic potential.

Economic Selection Indices For Lean Meat Production In Sheep, G. Simm

World Congress on Genetics Applied to Livestock Production: 3rd (1986)

Economic selection indices were derived for terminal sire sheep breeds or strains, using physical and financial results from New Zealand export lamb-producing flocks. The aggregate breeding value comprised carcass lean weight and carcass total fat weight. Index measurements were live weight, ultrasonic fat depth and ultrasonic muscle depth. Economic values of lean weight and fat weight were estimated to be NZ $5. 07 and NZ $-3.72 per kg, respectively. The s.d. of the aggregate breeding value was NZ $3.20 and the correlation between the full index and the aggregate breeding value was 0.23. The expected economic response to selection on …

Costs And Benefits Of Breed Utilization Strategies In Sheep, William D. Hohenboken

World Congress on Genetics Applied to Livestock Production: 3rd (1986)

Problems involved in choosing appropriate criteria and procedured for economic analyses of breed and mating system evaluation experiments in sheep are described. Literature is reviewed of experiments in which biological or economic efficiency has been investigated. The range in relative economic merit from the poorest to the best group in an experiment typically is from 100 to 120, with values over 140 not uncommon for the best group in an experiment. Heterosis for exonomic traits per ewe mated has ranged from 2% to 26%. Suggestions are presented for consideration in future studies on the economic ramifications of mating system and …

G86-822 How To Estimate A Dairy Herd's Reproductive Losses, Jeffrey F. Keown

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Remedies for herd losses caused by calving interval, dry periods, A.I. performance, and age at first freshening.

One of the major areas of lost income to the dairy producer is in the reproductive performance of the dairy herd. These losses are often overlooked because they are indirect costs. If producers could be given a monthly bill indicating the amount of money that improper reproductive management has cost them, then drastic changes would occur.

The majority of reproductive losses occur in the following areas:

1. Calving interval too long or too short.

2. Dry period too long or too short.

3. …

Two Toxin-Converting Phages From Escherichia Coli 0157:H7 Strain 933 Encode Antigenically Distinct Toxins With Similar Biologic Activities, Nancy A. Strockbine, Lilian R. M. Marques, John W. Newland, H. Williams Smith, Randall K. Holmes, Alison D. O'Brien

United States Public Health Resources

Escherichia coli 0157:H7 strain 933 contains two distinct toxin-converting phages (933J and 933W). The biologic activities and antigenic relationship between the toxins produced by 933J and 933W lysogens of E. coli K-12, as well as the homology of the genes that encode the two toxins, were examined in this study. The 933J and 933W toxins, like Shiga toxin produced by Shigella dysenteriae type 1, were cytotoxic for the same cell lines, caused paralysis and death in mice, and caused fluid accumulation in rabbit ileal segments. The cytotoxic activity of 933J toxin for HeLa cells was neutralized by anti-Shiga toxin, whereas …

Changes In Feeding And Crawling Rates Of Hydrobia Truncata (Prosobranchia: Hydrobiidae) In Response To Sedimentary Chlorophyll-A And Recently Egested Sediment, Valery E. Forbes, Glenn R. Lopez

Valery Forbes Publications

Experiments combining fluorescent particle tracer techniques with time-lapse video recording demonstrated that the gastropod Hydrobia truncata decreases crawling rate on patches rich in chlorophyll-a, while maintaining a constant feeding rate as sedimentary chlorophyll-a content varies. In contrast, H. truncata decreases feeding rate but does not change crawling rate upon encounter with patches of recently egested sediment. Depression of feeding rate is less pronounced if the egested material is enriched in chlorophyll-a. For deposit feeders inhabiting highly reworked sediments, the majority of available material may consist of sediment that has been recently egested. For an animal that responds negatively to recently …

Heritability Estimates For First Lactation Milk Yield Of Registered And Nonregistered Holstein Cows, J. C. Schneider, L. Dale Van Vleck

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Heritabilities of milk yield and fat test were estimated from first lactation records of 196,672 Holstein daughter-dam pairs separately for registered and nonregistered cows for four milk yield groups and by years of freshening of the daughter. The model included herd-season and sire of the daughter. Heritability estimates were similar for registered and nonregistered cows averaging about .33 for milk yield and .62 for fat test. Estimates of heritability increased slightly over time for both milk yield and fat test. Heritability of fat test was similar for all groups. Heritability estimates for milk yield, however, averaged about .25 in low, …

Adam Bede And Riehl's "Social-Political-Conservatism", A.G. Van Den Broek

The George Eliot Review Online, ISSN: 2831-5375

George Eliot's Adam Bede is seen frequently to be a good, but flawed novel, an interesting precursor to the much finer Middlemarch and other later novels. U. C. Knoepflmacher, in George Eliot's Early Novels: The Limits of Realism, considers that, essentially, Eliot shared John MiIton's purpose of justifying "Man's lot in the temporal world." Knoepflmacher adds: "Her own belief in scientific veracity did not allow her to create a supernatural world of essences; yet in her way she shared Milton's purpose. 11 But then he says:

The epic strain that was to find its most complex embodiment in Middlemarch is …

Message Of Greeting From The Fellowship President, Jonathan G. Ouvry

The George Eliot Review Online, ISSN: 2831-5375

That this last year has been of particular significance in the life of the Fellowship needs no emphasis from me. NewsIetters throughout the year, and reports in this Review, will have informed those members who for reasons of distance or otherwise have not been able to take part, that much of note has happened.

I have had the greatest pleasure, in every case with my wife Marjorie, in taking part in some of the events of the year, culminating in the unveiling on the 22nd March of what is, without doubt, a most worthy memorial to George Eliot in the …

Review Of A Buffalo Round-Up: A Selected Bibliography By George W. Arthur, Roy W. Meyer

Great Plains Quarterly (through 2013)

Compiling a bibliography of the buffalo might seem an impossible task, given the immense number of authors who have dealt with the subject. Certainly knowing what to leave out is as important as knowing what to put in. George W. Arthur has tried to set some limits to the scope of his "buffalo roundup" by excluding much (but not all) fiction and being highly selective about his inclusion of European sources. A large proportion of his titles comprise works of historical importance, either by nineteenth-century (and earlier) visitors to the North American Plains or by more recent historians. The fields …

Kansas Through The Eyes Of Kansans Preferences For Commonly Viewed Landscapes, Roxane Fridirci, Stephen E. White

Great Plains Quarterly (through 2013)

Kansas does not spring to most minds as possessing unique or picturesque landscapes. A study by the Ozark Regional Commission to help promote tourism in Kansas found that the state is generally perceived to be devoid of scenery and things to do. l Drab was a word used by several respondents. Some held outright negative images of Kansas; others had no image at all and no desire to visit the state.

Kansas inspires in outsiders a certain amount of respect for its mercurial weather, bumper grain harvests, and natural gas and oil deposits, but it has no spectacular mountains with …

The Dirty Thirties A Study In Agricultural Capitalism, Donald Worster

Great Plains Quarterly (through 2013)

"The history of any land begins with nature, and all histories must end with nature," J. Frank Dobie once wrote.' He was eloquently right, but until very recently such a view was not regarded seriously by academic historians, who commonly took nature for granted, beginning and ending their studies with an air of human omnipotence. That attitude, however, is becoming harder to maintain in innocence, as a group of ecologically informed historians challenge it. It is now more acceptable to say, with Dobie, that nature has played a stage-center role in the making of history the making of its setbacks …

The African Experience Drought And Famine In The Dry Zone, Randall Baker

Great Plains Quarterly (through 2013)

This paper concerns the changing climate in the semiarid regions of Africa and the technological response to it. Often the central issue in physical and social change in Africa seems to be interpreting a sketchy but rapidly evolving base of "evidence" and trying to decide the process that the evidence would suggest is at work. This is a far from easy task, requiring inspired guesswork as much as proof, but clearly it is absolutely central to formulating an appropriate policy response.

The Big Rock Candy Mountain The Consequences Of A Delusory American Dream, Kenneth C. Mason

Great Plains Quarterly (through 2013)

Wallace Stegner's great, obsessive theme, evidenced in all of his novels, from the first, Remembering Laughter (1938), to the latest, Recapitulation (1979), is the hard, painful process by which solid, culture-engendering and -preserving values are achieved. The portrayal of intrafamilial conflicts and tensions, extending across generations, has been the means by which Stegner has most successfully demonstrated this process of acquiring civilization-building values. Stegner has left the depiction of the alienation and angst of the modern antihero to others. The family is what truly inspires him, stimulating him to give sensate fictional body to his ideas. Critics have recognized this …