Digital Commons Network^™

Time's Arrow Flies Like A Bird: Two Paradoxes For Avian Circadian Biology, Vincent M. Cassone, Jiffin K. Paulose, Melissa G. Whitfield-Rucker, Jennifer L. Peters

Biology Faculty Publications

Biological timekeeping in birds is a fundamental feature of avian physiology, behavior and ecology. The physiological basis for avian circadian rhythmicity has pointed to a multi-oscillator system of mutually coupled pacemakers in the pineal gland, eyes and hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN). In passerines, the role of the pineal gland and its hormone melatonin is particularly important. More recent molecular biological studies have pointed to a highly conserved mechanism involving rhythmic transcription and translation of "clock genes". However, studies attempting to reconcile the physiological role of pineal melatonin with molecular studies have largely failed. Recent work in our laboratory has suggested …

Effects Of Genetic Deficiency Of Cyclooxygenase-1 Or Cyclooxygenase-2 On Functional And Histological Outcomes Following Traumatic Brain Injury In Mice, Matthew L. Kelso, Stephen W. Scheff, James R. Pauly, Charles D. Loftin

Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Neuroinflammation contributes to the pathophysiology of acute CNS injury, including traumatic brain injury (TBI). Although prostaglandin lipid mediators of inflammation contribute to a variety of inflammatory responses, their importance in neuroinflammation is not clear. There are conflicting reports as to the efficacy of inhibiting the enzymes required for prostaglandin formation, cyclooxygenase (COX) -1 and COX-2, for improving outcomes following TBI. The purpose of the current study was to determine the role of the COX isoforms in contributing to pathological processes resulting from TBI by utilizing mice deficient in COX-1 or COX-2.

RESULTS: Following a mild controlled cortical impact injury, …

The Genome Of Nectria Haematococca: Contribution Of Supernumerary Chromosomes To Gene Expansion, Jeffrey J. Coleman, Steve D. Rounsley, Marianela Rodriguez-Carres, Alan Kuo, Catherine C. Wasmann, Jane Grimwood, Jeremy Schmutz, Masatoki Taga, Gerard J. White, Shiguo Zhou, David C. Schwartz, Michael Freitag, Li-Jun Ma, Etienne G. J. Danchin, Bernard Henrissat, Pedro M. Coutinho, David R. Nelson, Dave Straney, Carolyn A. Napoli, Bridget M. Barker, Michael Gribskov, Martijn Rep, Scott Kroken, István Molnár, Christopher Rensing, John C. Kennell, Jorge Zamora, Mark L. Farman, Eric U. Selker, Asaf Salamov, Harris Shapiro, Jasmyn Pangilinan, Erika Lindquist, Casey Lamers, Igor V. Grigoriev, David M. Geiser, Sarah F. Covert, Esteban Temporini, Hans D. Vanetten

Plant Pathology Faculty Publications

The ascomycetous fungus Nectria haematococca, (asexual name Fusarium solani), is a member of a group of >50 species known as the "Fusarium solani species complex". Members of this complex have diverse biological properties including the ability to cause disease on >100 genera of plants and opportunistic infections in humans. The current research analyzed the most extensively studied member of this complex, N. haematococca mating population VI (MPVI). Several genes controlling the ability of individual isolates of this species to colonize specific habitats are located on supernumerary chromosomes. Optical mapping revealed that the sequenced isolate has 17 chromosomes ranging from 530 …

Forage News [2009-08], Department Of Plant And Soil Sciences, University Of Kentucky

Forage News

• KFGC Field Day is September 3
• Forage Spokesman Nominations
• UK All Commosity Field Day
• Charles Powell National Hay Winner
• Check 2008 Variety Trial Reports Before Buying Seed
• What Does the Intensive in Intensive Grazing Mean
• Grazing and Eliminative Behavior of Horses Grazing Bermudagrass
• Results of the 1st Year for a Grazing Evaluation of KYFA9302 Tall Fescue, With and Without the AR584 Novel Endophyte
• Cutting Ash Content
• Late Summer Nitrogen Applications to Pastures - Will They Pay This Year?
• Upcoming Events

Muc1 Is A Downstream Target Of Stat3 And Regulates Lung Cancer Cell Survival And Invasion, Jingchun Gao, Matthew J. Mcconnell, Bin Yu, Jiannong Li, Justin M. Balko, Esther P. Black, Joseph O. Johnson, Mark C. Lloyd, Soner Altiok, Eric B. Haura

Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty Publications

Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is aberrantly activated in human cancer including lung cancer and has been implicated in transformation, tumorigenicity, and metastasis. One putative downstream gene regulated by Stat3 is MUC1 which also has important roles in tumorigenesis. We determined if Stat3 regulates MUC1 in lung cancer cell lines and what function MUC1 plays in lung cancer cell biology. We examined MUC1 expression in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines and found high levels of MUC1 protein expression associated with higher levels of tyrosine phosphorylated STAT3. STAT3 knockdown downregulated MUC1 expression whereas constitutive STAT3 expression …

Cd19 Signaling Is Impaired In Murine Peritoneal And Splenic B-1 B Lymphocytes, Trivikram Dasu, Vishal Sindhava, Stephen H. Clarke, Subbarao Bondada

Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics Faculty Publications

B-1 cells reside predominantly within the coelomic cavities, tonsils, Peyer's patches, spleen (a minor fraction – ∼5%) and are absent in the lymph nodes. They are the primary sources of natural IgM in the body. B-1 cells express polyreactive B cell receptors (BCRs) that cross react with self-antigens and are thus implicated in auto-immune disorders. Previously, we reported that peritoneal B-1 cells are deficient in CD19-mediated intracellular signals leading to Ca²⁺ mobilization. Here, we find that splenic B-1 cells, like peritoneal B-1 cells, are defective in Ca²⁺ release upon B cell activation by co-cross-linking BCR and CD19. In …

Rapid Fixation Of Non-Native Alleles Revealed By Genome-Wide Snp Analysis Of Hybrid Tiger Salamanders, Benjamin M. Fitzpatrick, Jarrett R. Johnson, D. Kevin Kump, H. Bradley Shaffer, Jeramiah J. Smith, S. Randal Voss

Biology Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Hybrid zones represent valuable opportunities to observe evolution in systems that are unusually dynamic and where the potential for the origin of novelty and rapid adaptation co-occur with the potential for dysfunction. Recently initiated hybrid zones are particularly exciting evolutionary experiments because ongoing natural selection on novel genetic combinations can be studied in ecological time. Moreover, when hybrid zones involve native and introduced species, complex genetic patterns present important challenges for conservation policy. To assess variation of admixture dynamics, we scored a large panel of markers in five wild hybrid populations formed when Barred Tiger Salamanders were introduced into …

Predictive Archaeological Modeling Using Gis-Based Fuzzy Set Estimation: A Case Study In Woodford County, Kentucky, Philip B. Mink, John Ripy, Keiron Bailey, Ted H. Grossardt

Kentucky Transportation Center Faculty and Researcher Publications

Analytic predictive archaeological models can have great utility for state Departments of Transportation, but it is difficult to model the likelihood of prehistoric settlement using geographical proxy predictor variables because of the complexity of how settlement choices were actually made, and the complex interaction between these variables using GIS. In many cases classic statistical modeling approaches require too much data to be useful. This research reports on a preliminary predictive model that combines Spatial Analyst and fuzzy logic modeling to capture expert archaeological knowledge and convert this into predictive surface. A test area was defined in Woodford County, KY and …

Dna-Binding By Haemophilus Influenzae And Escherichia Coli Ybab, Members Of A Widely-Distributed Bacterial Protein Family, Anne E. Cooley, Sean P. Riley, Keith Kral, M. Clarke Miller, Edward Demoll, Michael G. Fried, Brian Stevenson

Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Genes orthologous to the ybaB loci of Escherichia coli and Haemophilus influenzae are widely distributed among eubacteria. Several years ago, the three-dimensional structures of the YbaB orthologs of both E. coli and H. influenzae were determined, revealing a novel "tweezer"-like structure. However, a function for YbaB had remained elusive, with an early study of the H. influenzae ortholog failing to detect DNA-binding activity. Our group recently determined that the Borrelia burgdorferi YbaB ortholog, EbfC, is a DNA-binding protein. To reconcile those results, we assessed the abilities of both the H. influenzae and E. coli YbaB proteins to bind DNA …

Enhanced Disease Susceptibility 1 And Salicylic Acid Act Redundantly To Regulate Resistance Gene-Mediated Signaling, Srivathsa C. Venugopal, Rae-Dong Jeong, Mihir Kumar Mandal, Shifeng Zhu, A. C. Chandra-Shekara, Ye Xia, Matthew Hersh, Arnold J. Stromberg, Duroy Navarre, Aardra Kachroo, Pradeep Kachroo

Plant Pathology Faculty Publications

Resistance (R) protein-associated pathways are well known to participate in defense against a variety of microbial pathogens. Salicylic acid (SA) and its associated proteinaceous signaling components, including enhanced disease susceptibility 1 (EDS1), non-race-specific disease resistance 1 (NDR1), phytoalexin deficient 4 (PAD4), senescence associated gene 101 (SAG101), and EDS5, have been identified as components of resistance derived from many R proteins. Here, we show that EDS1 and SA fulfill redundant functions in defense signaling mediated by R proteins, which were thought to function independent of EDS1 and/or SA. Simultaneous mutations in EDS1 and the SA-synthesizing enzyme SID2 compromised hypersensitive response and/or …

Distinctive Interactions Of The Arabidopsis Homolog Of The 30 Kd Subunit Of The Cleavage And Polyadenylation Specificity Factor (Atcpsf30) With Other Polyadenylation Factor Subunits, Suryadevara Rao, Randy D. Dinkins, Arthur G. Hunt

Plant and Soil Sciences Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: The Arabidopsis ortholog of the 30 kD subunit of the mammalian Cleavage and Polyadenylation Specificity Factor (AtCPSF30) is an RNA-binding endonuclease that is associated with other Arabidopsis CPSF subunits (orthologs of the 160, 100, and 73 kD subunits of CPSF). In order to further explore the functions of AtCPSF30, the subcellular distribution of the protein was examined by over-expressing fusion proteins containing fluorescent reporters linked to different CPSF subunits.

RESULTS: It was found that AtCPSF30 by itself localizes, not to the nucleus, but to the cytoplasm. AtCPSF30 could be found in the nucleus when co-expressed with AtCPSF160 or AtCPSF73(I), …

Objective And Subjective Residential Context And Urban Children’S Weight Status And Physical And Sedentary Activities, Rachel Tolbert Kimbro, Jeanne Brooks-Gunn, Sara Mclanahan

University of Kentucky Center for Poverty Research Discussion Paper Series

This paper fills this gap by addressing two research questions: first, we ask, are the activity patterns (outdoor play and television watching) of five-year-old children living in large cities associated with children’s weight status? Second, we ask, is residential context, and neighborhood safety in particular, associated with children’s activity patterns? Consistent with past research, we find that outdoor play is negatively associated with weight status, while television watching is positively associated with weight status. We also find, unexpectedly, that the poorest children are playing outdoors the most and watching the most television. Finally, we find that three measures of residential …

Forage News [2009-07], Department Of Plant And Soil Sciences, University Of Kentucky

Forage News

• UK All Commodity Field Day - July 23
• Mammoth Cave Area Field Day
• Anderson County to Host KFGC Field Day
• Improved Nitrate Testing for KY
• Stocker Cattle Performance and Calculated Pasture Costs
• Effects of Feeding Soybean Hulls and Steroid Implants on Weight Gain and Physiology of Steers Grazed on Toxic Tall Fescue
• Nominations Requested
• KFGC and AFGC
• Upcoming Events

Use Of Co2 Concentration Difference Or Co2 Balance To Assess Ventilation Rate Of Broiler Houses, Hongwei Xin, Hong Li, Robert T. Burns, Richard S. Gates, Douglas G. Overhults, John W. Earnest

Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Faculty Publications

Ventilation rate (VR) is one of the two key elements for quantifying aerial emissions from animal production facilities. Direct, continuous measurement of building VR can be challenging and impractical under certain circumstances,e.g., naturally ventilated animal housing or a large number of ventilation fans in the building. This study examined the suitability of estimating VR of broiler houses with built‐up litter (mixture of manure and bedding), when supplemental heating was not in use, through either carbon dioxide (CO₂) balance or the relationship of VR to CO₂ concentration difference between exhaust and inlet air. The reference VR was based …

Carolus Linnaeus (Carl Von Linné), 1707-78: The Swede Who Named Almost Everything, Charles T. Ambrose

Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Georges-Louis Leclerc, Compte De Buffon (1701-1788): The French Rival Of Linnaeus, Charles T. Ambrose

Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Passive Limb Movement Augments Ventilatory Response To Co2 Via Sciatic Inputs In Anesthetized Rats, Jianguo Zhuang, Fadi Xu, Cancan Zhang, Donald T. Frazier

Physiology Faculty Publications

Passive limb movement (PLM) in humans induces a phasic hyperpnea, but the underlying physiological mechanisms remain unclear. We asked whether PLM in anesthetized rats would produce a similar phasic hyperpnea associated with an augmented ventilatory (V̇_E) response to CO₂ that is dependent on sciatic afferents. The animals underwent 5 min threshold PLM, 3 min hypercapnia (5% CO₂), and their combination (CO₂ exposure at the end of 2^nd min of 5-min PLM) before and after bilateral transection of the sciatic nerves. We found that a threshold PLM evoked a phasic hyperpnea, similar to …

Conservation Of The Glucan Phosphatase Laforin Is Linked To Rates Of Molecular Evolution And The Glucan Metabolism Of The Organism, Matthew S. Gentry, Rachel M. Pace

Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Lafora disease (LD) is a fatal autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disease. A hallmark of LD is cytoplasmic accumulation of insoluble glucans, called Lafora bodies (LBs). Mutations in the gene encoding the phosphatase laforin account for approximately 50% of LD cases, and this gene is conserved in all vertebrates. We recently demonstrated that laforin is the founding member of a unique class of phosphatases that dephosphorylate glucans.

RESULTS: Herein, we identify laforin orthologs in a protist and two invertebrate genomes, and report that laforin is absent in the vast majority of protozoan genomes and it is lacking in all other invertebrate …

Hibernation-Like State Induced By An Opioid Peptide Protects Against Experimental Stroke, Cesar V. Borlongan, Teruo Hayashi, Peter R. Oeltgen, Tsung-Ping Su, Yun Wang

Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Delta opioid peptide [D-ala2,D-leU5]enkephalin (DADLE) induces hibernation in summer ground squirrels, and enhances preservation and survival of isolated or transplanted lungs and hearts. In the present study, we investigated the protective effect of DADLE in the central nervous system.

RESULTS: Adult Sprague-Dawley rats were pretreated with DADLE (4 mg/kg every 2 h x 4 injections, i.p.) or saline prior to unilateral occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCA). Daily behavioral tests revealed that ischemic animals treated with DADLE did not show any significant behavioral dysfunctions compared with saline-treated ischemic animals. Opioid antagonists only transiently inhibited the protective effect of …

Reactive Oxygen Species Mediate Tnfr1 Increase After Trpv1 Activation In Mouse Drg Neurons, Fei Ma, Liping Zhang, Karin N. Westlund

Physiology Faculty Publications

Background: Transient receptor potential vanilloid subtype 1 (TRPV1) is activated by low pH/protons and is well known to be involved in hyperalgesia during inflammation. Tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), a proinflammatory cytokine, is involved in nociceptive responses causing hyperalgesia through TNF receptor type 1 (TNFR1) activation. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production is also prominently increased in inflamed tissue. The present study investigated TNFR1 receptors in primary cultured mouse dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons after TRPV1 activation and the involvement of ROS. C57BL/6 mice, both TRPV1 knockout and wild type, were used for immunofluorescent and live cell imaging. The L4 and …

Methods To Identify Plant Metabolites, Deane L. Falcone, John M. Littleton

Plant and Soil Sciences Faculty Patents

This invention provides materials and methods to manipulate the plant genome at the level of single plant cells in culture resulting in the ability to assign metabolic functionality to plant genes involved in the production of biologically active molecules and to create a means of product discovery based on the biosynthetic capacity of plants. The materials to create an activation mutagenesis include incorporation of enhancer sequences from a plant viral promoter at random places in the plant genome via Agrobacterium mediated DNA transfer (T-DNA). The usefulness is that genes in the immediate vicinity of the incorporation were activated which allows …

Phylogenetic Analyses Reveal Monophyletic Origin Of The Ergot Alkaloid Gene Dmaw In Fungi, Miao Liu, Daniel G. Panaccione, Christopher L. Schardl

Plant Pathology Faculty Publications

Ergot alkaloids are indole-derived mycotoxins that are important in agriculture and medicine. Ergot alkaloids are produced by a few representatives of two distantly related fungal lineages, the Clavicipitaceae and the Trichocomaceae. Comparison of the ergot alkaloid gene clusters from these two lineages revealed differences in the relative positions and orientations of several genes. The question arose: is ergot alkaloid biosynthetic capability from a common origin? We used a molecular phylogenetic approach to gain insights into the evolution of ergot alkaloid biosynthesis. The 4-γ,γ-dimethylallyltryptophan synthase gene, dmaW, encodes the first step in the pathway. Amino acid sequences deduced …

Forage News [2009-06], Department Of Plant And Soil Sciences, University Of Kentucky

Forage News

• Hart County Hay Producer to Speak at AFGC
• Forage Workers Meet in Lexington
• Nominations Requested
• Kentucky Alfalfa Conference: 30th Anniversary
• UK Equine Field Day
• Rotational Grazing Benefits
• Adjust Conditioners for Maximum Drying
• Grazing Conference to be at Princeton
• UK Field Day - July 23
• Anderson County to Host KFGC Field Day
• KFGC and High Quality Forages
• Miscanthus - What is it?
• Upcoming Events

Striatal Neuroinflammation Promotes Parkinsonism In Rats, Dong-Young Choi, Mei Liu, Randy L. Hunter, Wayne A. Cass, Jignesh D. Pandya, Patrick G. Sullivan, Eun-Joo Shin, Hyoung-Chun Kim, Don M. Gash, Guoying Bing

Neuroscience Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Sporadic Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder with unknown cause, but it has been suggested that neuroinflammation may play a role in pathogenesis of the disease. Neuroinflammatory component in process of PD neurodegeneration was proposed by postmortem, epidemiological and animal model studies. However, it remains unclear how neuroinflammatory factors contribute to dopaminergic neuronal death in PD.

FINDINGS: In this study, we analyzed the relationship among inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)-derived NO, mitochondrial dysfunction and dopaminergic neurodegeneration to examine the possibility that microglial neuroinflammation may induce dopaminergic neuronal loss in the substantia nigra. Unilateral injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) …

Environmental And Health Aspects Of Ashes Produced At Co-Combustion Of Biomass, Henk Te Winkel

World of Coal Ash Proceedings

No abstract provided.

Life Cycle Cost Minimization For Cement Production Under Various Constraints, Hakob Avetisyan

World of Coal Ash Proceedings

No abstract provided.

Preliminary Microbial Studies On The Impact Of Plants And South African Fly Ash On Amelioration Of Crude Oil Polluted Acid Soils, Akj Surridge, A Van Der Merwe, R Kruger

World of Coal Ash Proceedings

No abstract provided.

Full-Depth Reclamation Of Asphalt Pavements Using Lime-Activated Class F Fly Ash: Structural Monitoring Aspects, William Wolfe, Tarunjit S. Butalia, Harold Walker

World of Coal Ash Proceedings

No abstract provided.

Soil Chemistry Still Affected 23 Years After Large Application Of Fluidized Bed Combustion Ash, Eton E. Codling, Akanksha W. Raja

World of Coal Ash Proceedings

No abstract provided.

Explosives Sorption To Coal Ash Aggregates, Victor Hernandez, Sangchul Hwang

World of Coal Ash Proceedings

No abstract provided.