Digital Commons Network^™

Utility Of Phylloplanins As Antibiotics, Selective Fungicides And For Enhancing Microbial Resistance In Crop Plants, George J. Wagner, Ryan W. Shepard

Plant and Soil Sciences Faculty Patents

The invention is directed to methods and compositions that inhibit pathogen proliferation. More particularly, these methods and compositions involve the use of phylloplane proteins as antibiotics against human and animal pathogens.

Forage News [2009-05], Department Of Plant And Soil Sciences, University Of Kentucky

Forage News

• Extending Grazing
• Kentucky Grazing Conference
• KFGC Awards Program
• Renovation of Pasture and Hay Fields
• New Warm Season Annual Grass Report
• KFGC Update
• Use Microwave to Test Hay Moisture
• Increase Pasture Profits Using Cross Fences
• Improving Fuel Efficiency of Your Forage Harvester
• Harvest Early for Highest Quality Hay
• Comments from Nebraska on Teff
• Upcoming Events

Human Cerebral Neuropathology Of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Peter T. Nelson, Charles D. Smith, Erin L. Abner, Frederick A. Schmitt, Stephen W. Scheff, Gregory J. Davis, Jeffrey N. Keller, Gregory A. Jicha, Daron Davis, Wang-Xia Wang, Adria Hartman, Douglas G. Katz, William R. Markesbery

Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Faculty Publications

The cerebral neuropathology of Type 2 diabetes (CNDM2) has not been positively defined. This review includes a description of CNDM2 research from before the ‘Pubmed Era’. Recent neuroimaging studies have focused on cerebrovascular and white matter pathology. These and prior studies about cerebrovascular histopathology in diabetes are reviewed. Evidence is also described for and against the link between CNDM2 and Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis. To study this matter directly, we evaluated data from University of Kentucky Alzheimer's Disease Center (UK ADC) patients recruited while non-demented and followed longitudinally. Of patients who had come to autopsy (N = 234), 139 met …

Developing An Intranet Resource To Compile And Disseminate Animal Welfare Information For Library Liaisons, Frank Davis, Rick Brewer, Valerie Perry

Library Presentations

The project’s goal is to create and maintain a comprehensive database containing subject-specific information. The information is used to serve as a key resource for grant support and enhance the ethical treatment of animals.

A library Intranet allows librarian liaisons to conduct database searches and prepare customized reports for campus researchers. EndNote software is utilized, due to a campus site license.

Legume Cover Crops Are More Beneficial Than Natural Fallows In Minimally Tilled Ugandan Soils, Drake N. Mubiru, Mark S. Coyne

Plant and Soil Sciences Faculty Publications

It is important to establish the various effects of legume cover crops on soil physicochemical properties because they have been considered for use as improved fallows (with shorter rest periods) to enhance development and maintenance of soil productivity. Our objectives were to assess: (i) aboveground dry matter yields of legume cover crops; and (ii) cover crop effects on weed infestation and soil physicochemical properties in a minimum tillage management system. Trials were conducted for 2 yr at Kawanda Agricultural Research Institute and on farmers’ fields in Mbale and Pallisa districts, eastern Uganda. Th e experiment layout was a Randomized Complete …

Nucleic Acids Encoding Sarcocystis Neurona Antigen And Uses Thereof, Daniel K. Howe

Veterinary Science Faculty Patents

The present invention provides novel isolated nucleic acids encoding antigenic proteins derived fromSarcocystis neurona, or unique fragments thereof. In particular, the invention provides novel isolated nucleic acids encoding membrane-associated polypeptides SnSAG2, SnSAG3, and SnSAG 4. Also provided are purified antigenic polypeptide fragments encoded by the novel nucleic acid sequences set forth herein that encode for SnSAG2, SnSAG3, and SnSAG 4. Also provided are isolated nucleic acids capable of selectively hybridizing with the nucleic acid from Sarcocystis neurona. The invention also provides vectors comprising the nucleic acids of the invention encoding an antigenic protein derived from Sarcocystis neurona or a …

Metallic Nickel Nano- And Fine Particles Induce Jb6 Cell Apoptosis Through A Caspase-8/Aif Mediated Cytochrome C-Independent Pathway, Jinshun Zhao, Linda Bowman, Xingdong Zhang, Xianglin Shi, Binghua Jiang, Vincent Castranova, Min Ding

Toxicology and Cancer Biology Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Carcinogenicity of nickel compounds has been well documented. However, the carcinogenic effect of metallic nickel is still unclear. The present study investigates metallic nickel nano- and fine particle-induced apoptosis and the signal pathways involved in this process in JB6 cells. The data obtained from this study will be of benefit for elucidating the pathological and carcinogenic potential of metallic nickel particles.

RESULTS: Using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, we found that metallic nickel nanoparticles exhibited higher cytotoxicity than fine particles. Both metallic nickel nano- and fine particles induced JB6 cell apoptosis. Metallic nickel nanoparticles produced higher apoptotic induction than fine …

Characterization Of Conserved Properties Of Hemagglutinin Of H5n1 And Human Influenza Viruses: Possible Consequences For Therapy And Infection Control, Veljko Veljkovic, Nevena Veljkovic, Claude P. Muller, Sybille Müller, Sanja Glisic, Vladimir Perovic, Heinz Köhler

Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Epidemics caused by highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) are a continuing threat to human health and to the world's economy. The development of approaches, which help to understand the significance of structural changes resulting from the alarming mutational propensity for human-to-human transmission of HPAIV, is of particularly interest. Here we compare informational and structural properties of the hemagglutinin (HA) of H5N1 virus and human influenza virus subtypes, which are important for the receptor/virus interaction.

RESULTS: Presented results revealed that HA proteins encode highly conserved information that differ between influenza virus subtypes H5N1, H1N1, H3N2, H7N7 and defined an …

Omar Khadr Is Not Harry Potter, Kathy Mac

disClosure: A Journal of Social Theory

No abstract provided.

The State Of Exception In Film: Cloverfied And 24, Jeff Griffin

disClosure: A Journal of Social Theory

No abstract provided.

Xerxes In Drag: Post-9/11 Marginalization And (Mis)Identification In 300, M. Melissa Elston

disClosure: A Journal of Social Theory

No abstract provided.

Borrelia Burgdorferi Ebfc Defines A Newly-Identified, Widespread Family Of Bacterial Dna-Binding Proteins, Sean P. Riley, Tomasz Bykowski, Anne E. Cooley, Logan H. Burns, Kelly Babb, Catherine A. Brissette, Amy Bowman, Matthew L. Rotondi, M. Clarke Miller, Edward Demoll, Kap Lim, Michael G. Fried, Brian Stevenson

Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics Faculty Publications

The Lyme disease spirochete, Borrelia burgdorferi, encodes a novel type of DNA-binding protein named EbfC. Orthologs of EbfC are encoded by a wide range of bacterial species, so characterization of the borrelial protein has implications that span the eubacterial kingdom. The present work defines the DNA sequence required for high-affinity binding by EbfC to be the 4 bp broken palindrome GTnAC, where ‘n’ can be any nucleotide. Two high-affinity EbfC-binding sites are located immediately 5′ of B. burgdorferi erp transcriptional promoters, and binding of EbfC was found to alter the conformation of erp promoter DNA. Consensus EbfC-binding …

Polyglutamine Disruption Of The Huntingtin Exon 1 N Terminus Triggers A Complex Aggregation Mechanism, Ashwani K. Thakur, Murali Jayaraman, Rakesh Mishra, Monika Thakur, Veronique M. Chellgren, In-Ja L Byeon, Dalaver H. Anjum, Ravindra Kodali, Trevor P. Creamer, James F. Conway, Angela M. Gronenborn, Ronald Wetzel

Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry Faculty Publications

Simple polyglutamine (polyQ) peptides aggregate in vitro via a nucleated growth pathway directly yielding amyloid-like aggregates. We show here that the 17-amino-acid flanking sequence (HTT^NT) N-terminal to the polyQ in the toxic huntingtin exon 1 fragment imparts onto this peptide a complex alternative aggregation mechanism. In isolation, the HTT^NT peptide is a compact coil that resists aggregation. When polyQ is fused to this sequence, it induces in HTT^NT, in a repeat-length dependent fashion, a more extended conformation that greatly enhances its aggregation into globular oligomers with HTT^NT cores and exposed polyQ. In a second …

Detection Of Cwd Prions In Urine And Saliva Of Deer By Transgenic Mouse Bioassay, Nicholas J. Haley, Davis M. Seelig, Mark D. Zabel, Glenn C. Telling, Edward A. Hoover

Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics Faculty Publications

Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is a prion disease affecting captive and free-ranging cervids (e.g. deer, elk, and moose). The mechanisms of CWD transmission are poorly understood, though bodily fluids are thought to play an important role. Here we report the presence of infectious prions in the urine and saliva of deer with chronic wasting disease (CWD). Prion infectivity was detected by bioassay of concentrated, dialyzed urine and saliva in transgenic mice expressing the cervid PrP gene (Tg[CerPrP] mice). In addition, PrP(CWD) was detected in pooled and concentrated urine by protein misfolding cyclic amplification (PMCA). The concentration of abnormal prion protein …

Method Utilizing The Tobacco Phylloplanin Promoter For Expression Of Nucleic Acids As Gene Products Directed To Aerial Surfaces Of Plants, George J. Wagner, Ryan W. Shepard

Plant and Soil Sciences Faculty Patents

A method and system is provided for generating excreted gene products in a plant which includes generating a nucleic acid fusion construct comprising a phylloplanin promoter and a selected non-phylloplanin nucleic acid sequence whose transcription product is to be expressed and delivered to an aerial surface of a plant. The method includes transfecting plant cells with the nucleic acid fusion construct and allowing the plant cells to express the non-phylloplanin nucleic acid sequence transcription product which is then excreted from the plant cells to the aerial surfaces.

A Discontinuous Rna Platform Mediates Rna Virus Replication: Building An Integrated Model For Rna-Based Regulation Of Viral Processes, Baodong Wu, Judit Pogany, Hong Na, Beth L. Nicholson, Peter D. Nagy, K. Andrew White

Plant Pathology Faculty Publications

Plus-strand RNA viruses contain RNA elements within their genomes that mediate a variety of fundamental viral processes. The traditional view of these elements is that of local RNA structures. This perspective, however, is changing due to increasing discoveries of functional viral RNA elements that are formed by long-range RNA-RNA interactions, often spanning thousands of nucleotides. The plus-strand RNA genomes of tombusviruses exemplify this concept by possessing different long-range RNA-RNA interactions that regulate both viral translation and transcription. Here we report that a third fundamental tombusvirus process, viral genome replication, requires a long-range RNA-based interaction spanning approximately 3000 nts. In vivo …

Poster Session, Kentucky Water Resources Research Institute, University Of Kentucky

Kentucky Water Resources Annual Symposium

• Kentucky Agriculture Water Quality Act Web Tool, Amanda Gumbert, UK Cooperative Extension Service
• Cane Run Watershed Council – An Adventure in Watershed Involvement, Amanda Gumbert, UK Cooperative Extension Service
• Preliminary Comparison of Nutrient and Total Suspended Sediment Data on Water Samples Collected using Teledyne Portable Autosampler and EPA Field Methods for Wadeable Streams, Susan Brown, April Haight and others, Institute for Regional Analysis and Public Policy, Morehead State University
• Groundwater Protection Plans, Patricia Keefe, Kentucky Division of Water
• Use of Geophysical Techniques to Locate a Karst Conduit in the Cane Run – Royal Spring Basin, Kentucky …

Session 2b, Kentucky Water Resources Research Institute, University Of Kentucky

Kentucky Water Resources Annual Symposium

• Watershed Based Planning in the Upper East Fork of Clarks River, Maggie Morgan, Four Rivers Basin Team, Paul Maron, Strand Associates, Inc
• Kentucky Institute for Watershed Management Support, Alanna Storey, Jana Fattic, and Andrew Ernest, Center for Water Resource Studies, WKU
• Overview of TMDL Development for Panther Creek and Long Falls Watersheds in Daviess and McLean Counties, Kentucky, Josh Brewer, Center for Water Resource Studies, WKU
• Nitrogen Isotopes to Study the Variability of Sediment Transported from a Lowland Watershed in the Bluegrass, Jimmy Fox and others, Dept Civil Engineering, UK

Session 2a, Kentucky Water Resources Research Institute, University Of Kentucky

Kentucky Water Resources Annual Symposium

• Results of a Kentucky Stormwater Survey in MS4 Phase II Regions, Yvonne Meichtry and Julie Gee, Kentucky Transportation Cabinet
• The Bluegrass Rain Garden Alliance: An Approach to Improving Stormwater Quality for MS4 Communities in Central Kentucky, Brittany Zwicker and Amy Sohner, Bluegrass Rain Garden Alliance
• Give Your Brain to Science: Resource Materials for Teachers, Dan Carey, Kentucky Geological Survey, UK
• Integrating Environmental Education in the Curriculum, Kazi Javed and others, Kentucky State University

Session 1c, Kentucky Water Resources Research Institute, University Of Kentucky

Kentucky Water Resources Annual Symposium

• Suspended Sediment in the Dry Creek Watershed, Rowan County, Kentucky, Samuel Williams, Steven Reid, and Christine McMichael, Morehead State University
• Influence of Eastern Hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) on the Aquatic Biodiversity in Eastern Kentucky, Aric Payne and Sherry Harrel, Dept Biological Sciences, EKU
• Identification of Human and Animal Fecal Sources in Central Kentucky Watersheds by PCR of 16sDNA Markers from Host-Specific Fecal Anaerobes, Tricia Coakley and others, Environmental Research Training Laboratories (ERTL), UK
• Investigation of Land-Use Change and Hydrologic Forcing upon Streambank Erosion and In-Stream Sediment Processes Using a Watershed Model and Sediment Tracers, Joseph Russo and …

Proceedings Of 2009 Kentucky Water Resources Annual Symposium, Kentucky Water Resources Research Institute, University Of Kentucky

Kentucky Water Resources Annual Symposium

This conference was planned and conducted as part of the state water resources research annual program with the support and collaboration of the Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey and the University of Kentucky Research Foundation, under Grant Agreement Number 06HQGR0087.

The views and conclusions contained in this document and presented at the symposium are those of the abstract authors and presenters and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of the U.S. Government or other symposium organizers and sponsors.

Forage News [2009-03], Department Of Plant And Soil Sciences, University Of Kentucky

Forage News

• 29th Kentucky Alfalfa Conference
• Alfalfa Award Winners
• Alfalfa Hay Winners
• Weed Free Hay and Straw Certification Program
• W.D. Hoard: The Father of Alfalfa Culture
• Newly Revised Fact Sheet Now Available
• Benefits of Legumes
• Bay Minette Company's Renewable Diesel Wows Expert
• Ryegrass Ain't Ryegrass
• Upcoming Events

Keys To Success With Alfalfa Balage, Dennis W. Hancock

Kentucky Alfalfa and Stored Forage Conference

Baled silage (or Balage) has many advantages over conventional hay production. Losses during the curing, baling, storage, and feeding phases are each dramatically lower when the forage is conserved as Balage rather than hay. Of course, this comes at an expense. The cost of the wrapper (generally $14,000 – 21,000), plastic wrap (usually $4-6 per ton of DM), and added labor can make this system quite costly. Furthermore, there is an environmental cost for disposal of the plastic. However, Balage enables the alfalfa producer to quickly harvest a crop with more independence from unfavorable weather and to create a more …

Alfalfa Hay For Horses: Myths Vs. Reality, Laurie Lawrence

Kentucky Alfalfa and Stored Forage Conference

How Much Hay Does A Horse Need?

A horse owner once described their Quarter Horse gelding as “a hole in the stall that I throw hay into”! This description is certainly accurate… a 1200 lb gelding used for light recreational riding will consume about 700 lbs of hay per month during the winter in Kentucky. If the horse is kept in a place with minimal pasture, yearly hay consumption will be about 4 tons. Restricting hay intake can lead to digestive disturbances and behavior problems, so it is recommended that most horses be allowed access to 1.5 – 2.0 lbs …

Rfv Vs. Rfq -- Which Is Better?, Tom Keene, Peter Jeranyama, Alvaro D. Garcia

Kentucky Alfalfa and Stored Forage Conference

Determining the value of hay is often times a trying adventure but the rewards can be significant. It begs the question though, what do those numbers really tell me? Do they provide me pertinent information? There are so many numbers…which ones do I need to be concerned with? All of the numbers and information on the results sheets are important. However, certain numbers have greater bearing on some classes of livestock than others. As research continues to give us new parameters regarding, herd health, pounds of gain, pounds of milk, maintenance, etc. the importance of these will also likely change …

Method Of Inhibiting Binding Activity Of Immunoglobulins, Clair D. Hicks, Zeynep Ustunol

Animal and Food Sciences Faculty Patents

A method for inhibiting culture agglutination in a fermentation medium including immunoglobulins includes the step of treating a source of immunoglobulins with an enzyme, such as papain, ficin, bromelain and mixtures thereof to hydrolyze the immunoglobulins into immunoreactive peptides having a molecular weight of less than 10,000 Daltons. This is accomplished utilizing ultrafiltration and/or diafiltration techniques. Next, is the collecting of peptides so produced and the adding of the peptides to a growth media for microorganisms useful in fermenting the fermentation medium. This is followed by growing the microorganisms in the inoculated growth media and adding the microorganisms grown in …

Species Delimitation In Lemurs: Multiple Genetic Loci Reveal Low Levels Of Species Diversity In The Genus Cheirogaleus, Linn F. Groeneveld, David W. Weisrock, Rodin M. Rasoloarison, Anne D. Yoder, Peter M. Kappeler

Biology Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Species are viewed as the fundamental unit in most subdisciplines of biology. To conservationists this unit represents the currency for global biodiversity assessments. Even though Madagascar belongs to one of the top eight biodiversity hotspots of the world, the taxonomy of its charismatic lemuriform primates is not stable. Within the last 25 years, the number of described lemur species has more than doubled, with many newly described species identified among the nocturnal and small-bodied cheirogaleids. Here, we characterize the diversity of the dwarf lemurs (genus Cheirogaleus) and assess the status of the seven described species, based on phylogenetic and …

Forage News [2009-02], Department Of Plant And Soil Sciences, University Of Kentucky

Forage News

• 29th Alfalfa Conference February 19
• Enter Your Hay and Win
• Forages at KCA Proceedings
• Teff Varieties
• Small Grain and Corn Silage Variety Test Reports Added to Forage Website
• Unrease Inhibitors
• Hay Stocks Drop Slightly
• Is Sainfoin Right for You
• Plan to Attend 2009 AFGC Conference
• American Grassfed Association to Hold 6th Annual Conference
• Upcoming Events

The Role Of Nf-Κb In Pparα-Mediated Hepatocarcinogenesis, Howard P. Glauert, Karen Calfee-Mason, Yixin Li, Vani Nilakantan, Michelle L. Twaroski, Job Tharappel, Brett T. Spear

Graduate Center for Nutritional Sciences Faculty Publications

In this review, the role of NF-kappaB in the induction of hepatocarcinogenesis by peroxisome proliferators is examined. The administration of peroxisome proliferators for more than a three-day period leads to the activation of NF-kappaB in the livers of rats and mice. On the other hand, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-alpha (PPARalpha) activation in non-hepatic tissues can lead to the inhibition of NF-kappaB activation. Several lines of evidence support the hypothesis that the activation of NF-kappaB by peroxisome proliferators in the liver is mediated by oxidative stress. The role of NF-kappaB in peroxisome proliferator-induced hepatocarcinogenesis has been examined using NF-kappaB knockout models. …

Genic Regions Of A Large Salamander Genome Contain Long Introns And Novel Genes, Jeramiah J. Smith, Srikrishna Putta, Wei Zhu, Gerald M. Pao, Inder M. Verma, Tony Hunter, Susan V. Bryant, David M. Gardiner, Timothy T. Harkins, S. Randal Voss

Biology Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: The basis of genome size variation remains an outstanding question because DNA sequence data are lacking for organisms with large genomes. Sixteen BAC clones from the Mexican axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum: c-value = 32 x 10(9) bp) were isolated and sequenced to characterize the structure of genic regions.

RESULTS: Annotation of genes within BACs showed that axolotl introns are on average 10x longer than orthologous vertebrate introns and they are predicted to contain more functional elements, including miRNAs and snoRNAs. Loci were discovered within BACs for two novel EST transcripts that are differentially expressed during spinal cord regeneration and skin …