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Driving Anger And Aggression In Persons With And Without Adhd, Maria T. Lechtreck Jan 2022

Driving Anger And Aggression In Persons With And Without Adhd, Maria T. Lechtreck

All ETDs from UAB

Driving a motor vehicle is both a privilege and one of the primary activities of daily living for most persons in the U.S. and many persons abroad; however, motor vehicle collisions (MVCs) bring great costs both to individuals and society. Driver behavior is the critical factor in an estimated 94% of MVCs and aggressive driving is the cause of two-thirds of U.S. traffic fatalities. Certain populations are at an increased risk for MVCs including persons who are young (ages 15-24), persons who have developmental disabilities such as Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), and persons who have a high propensity for driving-related anger. …

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Gendering Trust In General Surgery Training: Examining The Role Of Trust Between Residents And Attendings, Alejandra Maria Colón López Jan 2022

Gendering Trust In General Surgery Training: Examining The Role Of Trust Between Residents And Attendings, Alejandra Maria Colón López

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In medical training and throughout medical careers, women face disadvantages –especially in surgery. To better understand origins of these gender inequalities, this study examines the role of gender in surgical training, focusing on trust between faculty serving as attendings and medical residents. An environment of trust enables residents to gain handson experience and acquire practical skills during surgeries performed jointly with attendings. In this sequential explanatory mixed-methods study, 105 surgical encounters were rated utilizing the OpTrust tool, an instrument designed to measure entrustment between surgery residents and attendings. Furthermore, seventeen attendings and ten surgery residents gave in-depth interviews. Attendings’ average …

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The Dyslexia Disparity: An Examination Of Inequities In The Identification And Intervention Of Early Learners Of Color, Fredeisha Harper Darrington Jan 2022

The Dyslexia Disparity: An Examination Of Inequities In The Identification And Intervention Of Early Learners Of Color, Fredeisha Harper Darrington

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Although Black students are overrepresented in the special education (SPED) population within the educational system in the United States, the number of Black students identified with dyslexia can be concluded to be significantly lower (Annamma et al., 2018; Farkas et al., 2020; Sullivan & Bal, 2013). With experts positing that dyslexia affects as many as one in five persons, attention to this matter is needed especially regarding the youngest Black students (Hyles & Hoyles, 2010; Moats & Dakin, 2017). The characteristics of dyslexia are manifested in neurological processes surrounding reading abilities, thought processes, and motor skills (Moats & Dakin, 2017). …

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Exploring The Influence Of Family History Before And After Type 2 Diabetes Development Through Statistical Analysis Of Biomarkers And An Educational Intervention, Jessica Johnson Denton Jan 2022

Exploring The Influence Of Family History Before And After Type 2 Diabetes Development Through Statistical Analysis Of Biomarkers And An Educational Intervention, Jessica Johnson Denton

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The prevalence of type 2 diabetes is increasing at an alarming rate in both children and adults worldwide. Timely identification of those at risk for type 2 diabetes is essential to reduce morbidity and mortality and to mitigate the toll on families and the healthcare system. Family history is an effective, universal tool that can be used to identify individuals at risk for type 2 diabetes before they acquire additional risk factors. Understanding how family history contributes to biomarkers associated with diabetes in healthy individuals could facilitate the creation of early screening and prevention strategies designed for this specific at-risk …

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Biomanufacturing Of Micro-Myocardial Tissue Through Suspension Differentiation With Improved Yields, Purity, And Quality, Asher M. Kahn-Krell Jan 2022

Biomanufacturing Of Micro-Myocardial Tissue Through Suspension Differentiation With Improved Yields, Purity, And Quality, Asher M. Kahn-Krell

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Despite major advances in revascularization and drug therapy for post-myocardial infarction (MI) heart failure (HF), heart transplantation remains the only curative therapy to prevent progressive and debilitating disease. Researchers have long sought a replenishable and expandable source of cardiomyocytes (CMs), the primary functional cell in the heart muscle, for a broad array of applications related to the treatment of HF ranging from direct implantation to high throughput drug testing. The lack of cell cycle activity and cell division in adult CMs prevented the development of an expandable primary cell line. However, with the discovery of high efficiency stem cell differentiation …

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Comparison Of The Condyle-Fossa Relationship And Resorption Between Patients With And Without Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (Jia): A Retrospective Three-Dimensional Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Study, Ahmet Arif Celebi Jan 2022

Comparison Of The Condyle-Fossa Relationship And Resorption Between Patients With And Without Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (Jia): A Retrospective Three-Dimensional Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Study, Ahmet Arif Celebi

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Introduction: The most common disease in pediatric rheumatology is juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). JIA is considered to be an autoimmune disease with an onset before the age of 16. The temporal mandibular joint (TMJ) has been reported to be involved in up to 87% of patients with JIA. Even though much research has been conducted on JIA, limited research has studied to understand its effect on the condyle-fossa relationship and to evaluate resorption amount on condyle by using a scoring system. Aim: The purpose of this study was (1) to evaluate the anatomical features of the glenoid fossa, (2) to …

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Temperature-Dependent Sex Determination (Tsd): Implications For The Biology And Conservation Of The Kemp's Ridley Sea Turtle (Lepidochelys Kempii), Katherine Presz Jan 2022

Temperature-Dependent Sex Determination (Tsd): Implications For The Biology And Conservation Of The Kemp's Ridley Sea Turtle (Lepidochelys Kempii), Katherine Presz

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The Kemp’s ridley sea turtle (Lepidochelys kempii) has temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD) where the incubation temperature of the egg determines the sex of the hatchling. This has significant implications for the ecology, evolution, and conservation of this species because it can affect sex ratios. The studies presented in this thesis address hatchling sex ratios produced in Kemp’s ridley conservation programs using both natural as well as manipulated incubation regimes. First, a histology-based study was utilized to investigate sex ratios produced at the Padre Island National Seashore from 2002-2019. The results indicate that a female bias has been produced each year …

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The Validation Of A Qualitative Analytical Method To Detect Nine Cannabinoids For Forensic Drug Analysis Using Gas Chromtography/Mass Spectrometry, Andrea Shipley Jan 2022

The Validation Of A Qualitative Analytical Method To Detect Nine Cannabinoids For Forensic Drug Analysis Using Gas Chromtography/Mass Spectrometry, Andrea Shipley

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Cannabis is the most commonly abused drug in the United States and the world. It contains at least 100 phytocannabinoids including tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabidiol (CBD), cannabinol (CBN), and cannabigerol (CBG), each of which produce different pharmacodynamics in the human body. Different isomers of THC are present in marijuana, of which Δ9-THC is the main psychoactive chemical. While many states have legalized medical and recreational use of cannabis, marijuana and many other cannabis derivatives remain Schedule I controlled substances federally and in many states including Alabama. Exceptions to these laws include hemp-derived products with a Δ9- THC content of no more …

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Early Life Stress And Barrier Dysfunction Of The Blood-Brain Barrier, Margaret Ellen Lloyd Jan 2022

Early Life Stress And Barrier Dysfunction Of The Blood-Brain Barrier, Margaret Ellen Lloyd

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Early Life Stress (ELS) refers to any process or event of chronic and/or sever stress that occurs early in an individual’s development; this can be spurred by environmental or behavioral cues and helps predict inflammation later1 in life. ELS is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and other chronic conditions like depression. However, many of the physiological processes that lead to increased risk of chronic illness later in life have yet to be established or examined. The ELS mouse model is used to examine the unknown mechanistic links between childhood stress and risk for chronic disease in adulthood. …

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Method Development Of Drug Court Samples, Kourtney Michelle Steen Jan 2022

Method Development Of Drug Court Samples, Kourtney Michelle Steen

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This project was done in collaboration with the Jefferson County Drug Court system. The Drug Court program is available in Jefferson County to youth and adults to help first time offenders with felony drug offenses. Individuals can have their cases dismissed once they complete the rehabilitation program. There are three phases to the Drug Court program with random drug screens conducted through a color-coded selection system. The phases are correlated to completing screens weekly, bi-weekly, or monthly. The program is completed once the individual has a clean drug test for 90 days. The overall objectives of this research project were …

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Generating Individual Class Latent Vector Distribution Based On The Variational Autoencoder Framework, Jonnada Manga Tayaru Jan 2022

Generating Individual Class Latent Vector Distribution Based On The Variational Autoencoder Framework, Jonnada Manga Tayaru

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oencoders is an unsupervised neural network architecture that can be used for a compressed representation of the original input. They can be used for dimensionality reduction, anomaly detection, and signal de-noising. While Principal Component Analysis (PCA) uses linear transformation, autoencoders use more complex non-linear functions for encoding. In one special case of autoencoders, called Variational Autoencoders (VAE), the latent attributes are described using probability distribution functions (PDF). This probabilistic representation of the latent space helps with synthesizing new data which looks akin to the original input data. The fundamental idea of a VAE is to represent the entire input data …

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An Evaluation Of The In Vitro Antibacterial, Biocompatibility, And Mineralization Properties Of Six Calcium Silicate-Based Pulp Capping Materials, Taimy Cruz Hondares Jan 2022

An Evaluation Of The In Vitro Antibacterial, Biocompatibility, And Mineralization Properties Of Six Calcium Silicate-Based Pulp Capping Materials, Taimy Cruz Hondares

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Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity, biocompatibility, and mineralization-inducing potential of calcium silicate-based pulp capping materials. Methods: Six contemporary calcium silicate-based pulp capping materials were compared in this study, including ProRoot MTA, MTA Angelus, Biodentine, EndoSequence, NeoMTA 2 and NeoPutty. The antibacterial effects of these materials against Streptococcus mutans UA159 and Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212 were determined by the agar-diffusion assay and the direct culture test. The biocompatibility and mineralization-inducing potential of these materials in preodontoblastic 17IIA11 cells were compared by the MTT assay and by evaluating alkaline phosphatase activity and calcium deposits, respectively. …

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Socioeconomic Status, Hbb, And Ttr Variants, And Cardiorenal Outcomes: The Regards Study, Onika E. Abrams Jan 2022

Socioeconomic Status, Hbb, And Ttr Variants, And Cardiorenal Outcomes: The Regards Study, Onika E. Abrams

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Blacks are disproportionately affected by heart failure (HF) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD). While poorer health outcomes in Blacks have been associated with social determinants of health, there are some biological differences worth noting, namely genetic risk variants for both TTR and HBB. These genetic risk variants are known to confer additional risk in the development of heart failure and end-stage renal disease, respectively. While we understand these genetic variants aren’t fully penetrant, and genetics and are not deterministic, we aimed to examine additional factors and mechanisms responsible for the increased risk in HF and ESRD in Blacks. Neighborhood socioeconomic …

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Optimal Antero-Posterior Position Of The Maxillary Central Incisors And Its Relationship To The Forehead In Adult Hispanic Females, Balraj Bains Jan 2022

Optimal Antero-Posterior Position Of The Maxillary Central Incisors And Its Relationship To The Forehead In Adult Hispanic Females, Balraj Bains

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Objective: The objective of this study is to investigate the relationship of forehead inclination to anteroposterior position (AP) of the maxillary central incisors in adult Hispanic females. Materials and Methods: 70 participants were recruited for this study and smiling profile photographs were taken. All images were deidentified and placed in standardized dimension of 7.5” by 6.5”, which were then added to a PowerPoint to be evaluated by a judging panel. 24 Adult Hispanic Females (AHF) made up the control group and were seen to have an optimal incisor AP position. 46 AHF were in the study group and were judged …

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Association Between Regional Covid-19 Vaccine Hesitancy And Reported Positive Covid-19 Cases In The Southern United States, Orielle Caudle Jan 2022

Association Between Regional Covid-19 Vaccine Hesitancy And Reported Positive Covid-19 Cases In The Southern United States, Orielle Caudle

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The use of vaccinations has been shown to be beneficial in pandemics in the past, and in some cases, it has led to elimination of a particular disease (i.e. polio). The COVID-19 vaccination can also serve the same purpose, however, vaccine hesitancy within specific regions of the country may prevent and/or dilute the effectiveness of the vaccine. Vaccine hesitancy can be defined as a delay in acceptance, or refusal despite the availability of vaccine services. Southern regions have consistently had the lower vaccination rates compared to its other regional counterparts, even as the pandemic progressed and death rates increased over …

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Evaluation Of Repair Strength Of Conventional, Milled, And Printed Resin Provisional Crown Materials With Different Surface Treatments And Repair Resins, Bright Jesuk Chang Jan 2022

Evaluation Of Repair Strength Of Conventional, Milled, And Printed Resin Provisional Crown Materials With Different Surface Treatments And Repair Resins, Bright Jesuk Chang

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Statement of Problem: Provisional (also known as interim or transitional) restorations are important in fixed prosthodontics to evaluate long-term esthetics, phonetics, and function while protecting the tooth preparation from bacterial infiltration and maintaining periodontal health. Recent advances in CAD/CAM technologies have allowed these restorations to be either milled or printed. However, there is a lack of literature regarding the repair and reline of these milled and/or printed restorations. Purpose: To evaluate the repair strength of conventional, milled, and printed resin provisional crown materials with different surface treatments and repair resins. Materials and Methods: This in vitro study examined the shear …

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Dear Former Phenom, Meredith Beretta Jan 2022

Dear Former Phenom, Meredith Beretta

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Dear Former Phenom is a collection of essays and poems covering my life as a female athlete in America, beginning when I was a small child and continuing to my retirement after my senior year as a collegiate student-athlete. As it stands, the collection is incomplete. This current version contains the core memories and the foundation of my discussion. This collection tells the story of my failure to reach my full potential as an athlete. It is the story of me constantly achieving higher and higher achievements, awards, accolades, and praise until I didn’t anymore. Until there was no one …

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"To Create A New Image Of Women": The Fight For The Equal Rights Amendment In Birmingham, Alabama, 1972-1982, Christopher J. Bertolini Jan 2022

"To Create A New Image Of Women": The Fight For The Equal Rights Amendment In Birmingham, Alabama, 1972-1982, Christopher J. Bertolini

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This thesis argues that the struggle to ratify the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) in Birmingham, Alabama, rarely focused on the amendment’s legal merits, but rather became a debate about the nature and validity of gender roles. Generally, opponents of the ERA set the terms of the debate and connected the seemingly benign concept of legal equality between men and women with controversial issues like the conscription of women into the military, women’s freedom from the workplace and supposed right to the economic support of their husbands, religious interpretations of gender roles, and abortion. The struggle was primarily one between middle-class …

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The Roles Of Racial Discrimination And Sleep In Cognitive Functioning In Diverse Youth, Queenisha Crichlow Jan 2022

The Roles Of Racial Discrimination And Sleep In Cognitive Functioning In Diverse Youth, Queenisha Crichlow

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Cognitive functioning is an important aspect of human development that is closely related to youth academic outcomes (Caemmerer et al., 2018). Specifically, there is evidence that cognitive abilities such as memory, attention, and self-control are predictive of academic achievement in youth (Peng & Kievit, 2020). Current research suggests that chronic stress reduces cognitive functioning (Korten et al., 2014), but few studies have examined this relationship for race-related stress, specifically racial discrimination. Considering that racial discrimination is a common and reoccurring type of stress in the lives of minority youth (Hughes et al., 2016), it is possible that chronic exposure to …

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We'll Eat You Up, We Love You So: On The Changes Of The Children's Horror Genre From The 17th Century Onward, Camrie Ann Latham Jan 2022

We'll Eat You Up, We Love You So: On The Changes Of The Children's Horror Genre From The 17th Century Onward, Camrie Ann Latham

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Research into the children’s horror genre is, currently, quite limited in that it is often only tangentially related to the history and qualities of the genre itself. This research is typically focused on horror at large, horror films for children, or children in horror. This thesis seeks to analyze the history of the genre and categorize the shifting purposes and intentions that, in turn, reflect larger social fears. It defines these purposes as moving from that of control, to entertainment, to empowerment, with transitionary periods in between. The thesis is also formatted chronologically, beginning in the late 1600s and continuing …

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Smoking And Perceived Stress: Examining The Impact Of Racial Identity And Risk For Obstructive Sleep Apnea Through A Moderated Mediation Model, Sofia Mildrum Chana Jan 2022

Smoking And Perceived Stress: Examining The Impact Of Racial Identity And Risk For Obstructive Sleep Apnea Through A Moderated Mediation Model, Sofia Mildrum Chana

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Background: Cigarette smoking is known to have a negative effect on individuals’ sleep quality, and symptoms of insomnia. Smoking can particularly exacerbate sleep disorders such as obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) by increasing irritation and inflammation of the upper respiratory conducts. Previous research highlights the complex positive association between cigarette smoking and perceived stress. Sleep may be an important aspect intervening in the association between smoking and perceived stress, given that individuals who report high stress also report worse sleep quality and are at greater risk for OSA. However, limited research has examined the indirect association of cigarette smoking and perceived …

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Crazy Town Stories, Tawanda Nyahasha Jan 2022

Crazy Town Stories, Tawanda Nyahasha

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Crazy Town Stories focuses on the themes of strife, pain, perseverance, and faith. The memoir focuses on my childhood in a town called Epworth, one of the worst towns in Zimbabwe. Epworth was a town of compromises. We couldn’t afford decent food, so we ate whatever we could as long as it filled our stomachs. We couldn’t afford to finish up the house we lived in, so we had to live in a house with no flooring, doors, and a ceiling. Since we had to make all the compromises, the town had a habit of changing people. It took people’s …

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Insulation And Paper, Mary Elizabeth Skinner Jan 2022

Insulation And Paper, Mary Elizabeth Skinner

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Insulation and Paper reflects on my childhood and teenage years as a dreamy, adventure-seeking teenager who faced the harsh realities of living through an EF-4 tornado. This piece explores the ups and downs of being homeschooled, the scars of unprocessed trauma, complex family bonds, and growing up being Catholic and homeschooled. The story starts on April 26, 2011, the night before a deadly tornado outbreak, where I was writing on a story titled, Atallas. The first few chapters demonstrate how obsessed I was with fantasy, dance, storms, and adventure, being stuck at home with only a few friends. As the …

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Effects Of Different Types Of Augmented Feedback On Spatiotemporal Gait Performance And Intrinsic Motivation With Individuals Post Stroke, Saleh M. Alhirsan Jan 2022

Effects Of Different Types Of Augmented Feedback On Spatiotemporal Gait Performance And Intrinsic Motivation With Individuals Post Stroke, Saleh M. Alhirsan

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After a stroke, an individual can be left with physical and psychological deficits, including decreased walking speed, reduced step length, and reduced intrinsic motivation. These deficits affect their performance during rehabilitation sessions, limit daily activities such as walking and stepping, and restrict participation in social roles that involve mobility. Current clinical practice guidelines recommend providing augmented feedback using virtual reality (VR) to enhance walking outcomes after six months of stroke onset. This dissertation shows two novel VR applications designed, especially for individuals’ post-stroke, to induce their fast-walking speed and maximum step length performance, and intrinsic motivation. Three performance conditions were …

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Improving Continuity And Quality Assurance In Internet Of Things Infrastructure Using Blockchain, Hussain A. Alshehri Jan 2022

Improving Continuity And Quality Assurance In Internet Of Things Infrastructure Using Blockchain, Hussain A. Alshehri

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In this research I present a rigorous study on the service continuity and quality assurance using the Internet of Things (IoT). The research aims at identifying risks and improving the risk mitigation tools that are currently in use for improving the IoT performance, and for pushing forward the implementation of IoT in mission critical applications. This objective can be accomplished by identifying the impact of the strategic planning, quality assurance, performance assurance, and risk management on the IoT used in businesses. While the focus is mainly on the business continuity domain, the technical aspects of IoT solutions are also covered. …

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Prolonged Prone Positioning For Covid-19-Induced Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Randomized Pilot Study, David Brian Page Jan 2022

Prolonged Prone Positioning For Covid-19-Induced Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Randomized Pilot Study, David Brian Page

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ationale: Prone positioning is one of the few interventions shown in a robust, randomized, controlled clinical trial to reduce mortality in severe ARDS. Ideal duration of prone positioning is unknown. A 16-hour prone positioning period has been studied and is considered standard, although longer duration may be beneficial. Objectives: Determine if a prolonged prone positioning strategy for patients with COVID-19-induced ARDS is feasible and safe. Methods: We performed a pilot, randomized, parallel-arm feasibility study in patients with COVID-19-induced ARDS. Patients were randomized to either a prolonged 24-hour or a traditional 16-hour prone positioning strategy. Measurements & Main Results: 52 patients …

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The Potential Roles Of Broccoli Sprouts (Bsp) And Green Tea Polyphenols (Gtps) In Prevention Of Mammary Cancer, Itika Arora Jan 2022

The Potential Roles Of Broccoli Sprouts (Bsp) And Green Tea Polyphenols (Gtps) In Prevention Of Mammary Cancer, Itika Arora

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Cancer is one of the leading causes of death in the United States. Based on the American Cancer Society statistics, in 2021 1,806,590 new cancer cases and 605,520 cancer deaths are projected to occur in the United States. Amongst all, breast cancer (BC) is one of the most prevalent cancers that occurs in women. Various lifestyle factors such as alcohol intake, smoking, an unhealthy diet and physical inactivity may result in increased rates of BC risks (cancer-transition) by inducing mutations in DNA. Numerous epidemiological studies indicate that a diet rich in green tea polyphenols (GTPs), and/or cruciferous vegetables such as …

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Invisible No More: Lgbtq History & Archiving Projects At Universities In The South, Maigen Sullivan Jan 2022

Invisible No More: Lgbtq History & Archiving Projects At Universities In The South, Maigen Sullivan

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LGBTQ history within the US South is rich and diverse though it has remained mostly absent from mainstream and academic narratives around LGBTQ history generally. In recent years, there has been a growing effort to location, preserve, research and make accessible to the community the history of the Queer and Trans South. Despite stereotypes of the South as a hyper-conservative, homophobic, and transphobic region, many public history and community archiving projects have begun on public universities across the South. This qualitative constructivist grounded theory research explored the ways in which LGBTQ public history and community archiving projects on public universities …

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Photothermal Desorption Of Volatile Organic Compounds From Buckypaper Sorbents, For Occupational Exposure Assessment, Jacob S. Shedd Jan 2022

Photothermal Desorption Of Volatile Organic Compounds From Buckypaper Sorbents, For Occupational Exposure Assessment, Jacob S. Shedd

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Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are a common source of occupational exposures. To prevent adverse health effects in employees, industrial hygienists must regularly conduct occupational air sampling to ensure exposures remain below regulatory limits. As such, the need for sensitive and reliable exposure assessment methodologies becomes apparent. Currently, diffusive sampling is popular and well-established exposure assessment method amongst professionals. However, its reliance on diffusion-driven mass uptake and chemical extraction, results in limited analytical sensitivity. In response to this, a pre-analytical technology, known as photothermal desorption (PTD), has been in development over the past decade. PTD uses pulses of high-energy light to …

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Characterization Of The Phenotype And Functional Properties Of Myeloid Subpopulations In Chronic Inflammatory Conditions, Krystle Leandra Ong Jan 2022

Characterization Of The Phenotype And Functional Properties Of Myeloid Subpopulations In Chronic Inflammatory Conditions, Krystle Leandra Ong

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Myeloid cells represent a subset of leukocytes traditionally recognized as first responders to acute inflammatory stimuli. In recent years, there has been a growing appreciation of the role of myeloid cells as critical regulators of the immune system in disease pathogenesis and progression. Chronic inflammatory diseases including viral infections, autoimmune diseases, and malignancies are frequently associated with altered myelopoiesis characterized by a profound shift in the myeloid cell phenotype and function. The work presented in this dissertation provides an insight into dysregulated myelopoiesis and myeloid heterogeneity in multiple myeloma (MM), human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1), and coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19). We identify …

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