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It's A Man's World: The Association Between Safe Sex Practices, Relationship Power, & Resilience Among African American Emerging Adults Between 18-24 In The Deep South, Jessica Morgan Sep 2024

It's A Man's World: The Association Between Safe Sex Practices, Relationship Power, & Resilience Among African American Emerging Adults Between 18-24 In The Deep South, Jessica Morgan

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The purpose of this dissertation was to examine the impact that power imbalance has on safe sex practices among African American emerging adults. The objectives included: provide a thorough review of preexisting literature that explores the impact of power imbalance on safe sex practices among African American women; understand the impact that power imbalance has on safe sex practices among African American emerging adults comparing data from men and women; and understand if resilience is associated with power imbalance among African American emerging adult women in the United States. Utilizing a retrospective, cross-sectional, quantitative study design, three methods were used …

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Biologic Evaluation Of 64cu & 67cu As Potential Theranostic Agents For Cancer Radiotherapy, Lakshmi Madhusoodanan Sep 2024

Biologic Evaluation Of 64cu & 67cu As Potential Theranostic Agents For Cancer Radiotherapy, Lakshmi Madhusoodanan

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Immunotherapy has become a mainstay in the treatment of several types of cancer, with the potential to induce durable remission, albeit in a limited percentage of patients. More recently, radiopharmaceuticals have gained recognition in cancer treatment due to their ability to localize within cancer cells and deliver radiation, reducing adverse effects precisely. Cancer radiotherapy has the potential to synergize with immunotherapy due to its induction of immunogenic cell death (ICD), which results in distinct cellular injuries such as the formation of single-strand breaks (SSBs) and double-stranded breaks (DSBs), disruption of mitochondrial integrity, and the excessive generation of reactive oxygen species …

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Adolescents' Life Stressors And Mental Health Trajectories In Young Adulthood: Findings From The Nlsy97 Cohort, Monir Hossain Sep 2024

Adolescents' Life Stressors And Mental Health Trajectories In Young Adulthood: Findings From The Nlsy97 Cohort, Monir Hossain

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Prior research demonstrates that early life adversity lowers mental health in young adulthood; however, there has been less attention to adversity occurring in adolescence and how this affects mental health over time. Further, little research has considered how the type of adversity (here called Adolescent Life Stressors (ALSs)) may affect mental health over time differently. The life course perspective directs attention to how adversity in adolescence and the type of ALS experienced may be especially consequential to the extent that it disrupts normative adult role attainment—education, employment, marriage, and parenthood—in the transition to adulthood. To address these gaps, I use …

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Determination Of Readthrough Susceptibility Among Different Schwann Cell Lines Carrying Nonsense Mutations, Trushali Vansadia Sep 2024

Determination Of Readthrough Susceptibility Among Different Schwann Cell Lines Carrying Nonsense Mutations, Trushali Vansadia

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Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1) is a genetic disorder that affects the nervous system through the formation of tumors or neurofibromas. Encoded by the NF1 gene, neurofibromin functions as a tumor suppressor by converting active GTP-Ras to inactive GDP-Ras. 20% of NF1 patients carry a genomic nonsense mutation, which generates a premature termination codon (PTC) in the NF1 mRNA, leading to the formation of a truncated neurofibromin protein. Termination at PTCs can be suppressed by the incorporation of an amino acid at the site of the PTC, also known as readthrough. Readthrough results in continued translation elongation downstream of the PTC …

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Runaway Bride: Pieter Bruegel The Elder's "Dulle Griet" And The Netherlands' Hellish Union With Spain, K. Caralee Caudelle Sep 2024

Runaway Bride: Pieter Bruegel The Elder's "Dulle Griet" And The Netherlands' Hellish Union With Spain, K. Caralee Caudelle

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Pieter Bruegel the Elder’s Dulle Griet (1563) is a painting about which there is ample scholarship, but its prevailing interpretations do not fully consider the interplay between the main character, an aged woman convincingly identified as a virago, and the unusual depictions of housewives behind her. Reassessing the painting within the context of religious and civic imagery of its time, I argue that the main character, hitherto known as “Dulle Griet” or “Mad Meg,” is a conflation of religious and patriotic symbols, loosely personifying Antverpia, the Maid of Antwerp, one of the precursors to imagery developed during the Dutch Revolt …

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Disruption Of Cochlear Development By Murine Cytomegalovirus Infection And Therapeutic Approaches That Prevent Hearing Loss, Matthew Smith Sep 2024

Disruption Of Cochlear Development By Murine Cytomegalovirus Infection And Therapeutic Approaches That Prevent Hearing Loss, Matthew Smith

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Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a ubiquitous virus, infecting greater than 50% of most populations worldwide. Although rarely causing symptomatic infection in immunocompetent individuals, HCMV can cause life-threatening and severe end-organ disease in immunocompromised hosts including the developing fetus. HCMV can cross the placenta and is the most common viral infection of the developing fetus. Most newborn infants with congenital HCMV infection (cCMV) exhibit no clinical evidence of infection; however, up to 15% will develop long term neurodevelopmental sequelae including sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). No prophylactic vaccines or effective antiviral treatments exist for cCMV infection, which may in part be secondary …

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The Effects Of The Home Food Environment On Habits Towards Foods, Demetria R. Pizano Sep 2024

The Effects Of The Home Food Environment On Habits Towards Foods, Demetria R. Pizano

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Habits are the learned and reinforced behavioral patterns that predict an individual's tendencies to engage in an action in their environment (Gardner, de Bruijn & Lally, 2011). Behaviors consistently triggered by an environmental context, such as a home, allow the formation of habitual responses towards health practices such as food consumption (van't Riet et al., 2011). The home food environment (HFE), the availability and access to healthy foods, influences an individual's food selection and consumption behaviors that ultimately shape their eating habits (Nilsen, Roback, Brostrom, & Ellstrom, 2012). Similarly, an individual's executive function (EF), which represents their cognitive ability to …

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Barriers And Facilitators To Mental Health Care Among Suicide Attempt Survivors, Mercedes Tarasovich Sep 2024

Barriers And Facilitators To Mental Health Care Among Suicide Attempt Survivors, Mercedes Tarasovich

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This mixed methods study examined factors associated with met and unmet mental health care needs among suicide attempt survivors in the U.S. Quantitative survey data from 74 participants was analyzed using fuzzy set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA) to determine configurations of conditions associated with met and unmet needs. Qualitative data from the surveys and 21 in-depth interviews were analyzed thematically. Key integrated findings show social and economic factors act in combination to affect outcomes of met and unmet mental health care needs, including the gray areas of “needs partially met.” Configurations of conditions which included lack of perceived suicide stigma, …

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Understanding Engagement With A Web-Based Diet And Exercise Program For Older Cancer Survivors, Aurora Tafili Sep 2024

Understanding Engagement With A Web-Based Diet And Exercise Program For Older Cancer Survivors, Aurora Tafili

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The purpose of this dissertation is to develop an understanding of engagement with a web-based diet and exercise program. The three objectives of this dissertation include: (1) determining what theoretical underpinnings technology-based health behavior change interventions are utilizing and applying; (2) developing an understanding of older cancer survivors’ process of engagement with a web-based diet and exercise intervention through the utilization of a mixed methods grounded theory approach; and (3) identify what evidence-based strategies to promote engagement can be devised and dissemination based on process of engagement identified. Three methodologies were utilized to conduct this dissertation: (1) a systematic review …

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The Relationship Between Socioeconomic Status And Polygenic Risk Scores On Body Mass Index Among Non-Hispanic White Americans, Tomiwa Joshua Ayetigbo Sep 2024

The Relationship Between Socioeconomic Status And Polygenic Risk Scores On Body Mass Index Among Non-Hispanic White Americans, Tomiwa Joshua Ayetigbo

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The prevalence of obesity in the United States remains high, especially among individuals of low socioeconomic status (SES). Studies examining the joint influence of genetics and social factors, such as early life SES and education, in association with obesity remain underreported. These social factors might be related to a heightened risk of obesity. Genetic factors may further exacerbate the high-weight predisposition of those at risk. Genetic and social factors may act together to shape individuals’ weight. Therefore, this research ex-amined (a) whether the association between polygenic risk for BMI (PGS-BMI) and Body Mass Index (BMI) is independently modified by early …

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Radiotherapy Dose Calculation Algorithm Sensitivity To High-Density Artifacts, Kylie Blue Sep 2024

Radiotherapy Dose Calculation Algorithm Sensitivity To High-Density Artifacts, Kylie Blue

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Radiotherapy planning can be adversely affected by inaccurate dose calculations due to the presence of high-density objects. High-density objects, such as surgical clips, produce artifacts in CT images which can result in errors in dose calculation. Manual correction of voxels containing incorrect information is recommended to prevent calculation errors, but this process can be cumbersome and sometimes results in planners compromising with crude corrections to save time. In this study we aim to determine the significance of small high-density objects and the artifacts they cause in radiotherapy treatment plans. To evaluate the impact of density overrides on calculations, a phantom …

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A Five-Year Review Of State Dental Board Disciplinary Actions, Phorum Desai Sep 2024

A Five-Year Review Of State Dental Board Disciplinary Actions, Phorum Desai

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Introduction: Ethical violations not only tarnish the reputation of dental professionals but also compromise the trust patients place in the dental field. A review of documented legal violations provides valuable insights into the common ethical transgressions and potential deficiencies in dental ethics education. This study aims to identify common violations reported by state dental boards and trends of violations over five years. Material and Methods: After a broad preliminary search, nine state dental boards with fully accessible records from January 2017 to December 2021 were selected for a thorough review: California, Iowa, Kentucky, Maine, Minnesota, Nebraska, New Jersey, South Dakota, …

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The Association Between Environmental Factors And Substance Use Outcomes Among A Vulnerable Veteran Population, Leah Nixon Bryan Sep 2024

The Association Between Environmental Factors And Substance Use Outcomes Among A Vulnerable Veteran Population, Leah Nixon Bryan

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Background. Illicit substance use among veterans is a complex and multifaceted issue. As individuals who have served in the armed forces return to civilian life, they may face a range of challenges, including mental health issues, physical injuries, and difficulties readjusting to societal norms. Unfortunately, for some veterans, these challenges can contribute to the allure of illicit substances as a coping mechanism. The intersection of the unique stressors associated with military service creates a population with an increased vulnerability to select health and psychosocial issues and susceptible to substance misuse (Tsai & Rosenheck, 2015). In addition to military experiences, environmental …

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Investigating Theoretical Constructs Of Social Cognitive Theory As Working Mechanisms Of Web-Based Diet And Physical Activity Interventions Among Cancer Survivors, Harleen Kaur Sep 2024

Investigating Theoretical Constructs Of Social Cognitive Theory As Working Mechanisms Of Web-Based Diet And Physical Activity Interventions Among Cancer Survivors, Harleen Kaur

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Cancer survivors are a high-risk population with poor lifestyle behaviors and a higher prevalence of obesity, necessitating effective lifestyle interventions to promote weight management, consumption of a healthy diet, and increased physical activity. Recently, lifestyle interventions have evolved to web-based platforms that are easily accessible. However, there is a need to understand how web-based lifestyle interventions work, and who they work best for to maximize impact. Thus, the objective of this dissertation was to evaluate social cognitive theory (SCT) mechanisms (i.e., self-efficacy, social support, and perceived barriers) through which two web-based lifestyle interventions, DUET and AMPLIFY, mediate changes in diet, …

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The Relationship Of Sleep Disturbance And Disease-Related Factors On Neural And Neurocognitive Function In Youth Living With Sickle Cell Disease, Tiffany Devaughn Tucker Sep 2024

The Relationship Of Sleep Disturbance And Disease-Related Factors On Neural And Neurocognitive Function In Youth Living With Sickle Cell Disease, Tiffany Devaughn Tucker

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Youth living with sickle cell disease (SCD) often face neurocognitive challenges, regardless of accompanying neurological issues. SCD involves red blood cell deformation, leading to complications including chronic anemia, vaso-occlusion, and acute crises such as pain and overt stroke. While screening and intervention advancements have improved survival, enhancing functional capacity and quality of life (QoL) remains a targeted area of intervention. Disease-related factors, sleep disturbances, and social determinants significantly impact neurocognitive health in youth living with SCD. Deficits across all cognitive domains, including attention, working memory, and executive function (EF), are common, affecting academic achievement and QoL. Brain-related issues, such as …

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Mapping Work Histories And Measuring Work Quality: Differences By Race, Gender, And Motherhood, Clifford James Ross Sep 2024

Mapping Work Histories And Measuring Work Quality: Differences By Race, Gender, And Motherhood, Clifford James Ross

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It is well-established that work has a strong association with health and that work is also a key driver of health inequality. However, there is little research that incorporates multiple components of work into one cohesive measure and examines how work patterns unfold over the life course. By incorporating three theoretical frameworks (1) The Sociology of Work and Health, (2) The Life Course, and (3) The Stress Process, and using over 40 years of employment data (collected from 1979-2018) from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 (N=3,302), I introduce a comprehensive work measure called “Work Quality”. Then, using work …

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Investigating The Impact Of Pavement Condition On Recurring Traffic Congestion, Afrin Hossain Anni Sep 2024

Investigating The Impact Of Pavement Condition On Recurring Traffic Congestion, Afrin Hossain Anni

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Traffic congestion impacts the quality of traffic operations and transportation users’ satisfaction. In addition to adverse impacts on travel time and on-time arrivals, traffic congestion may also affect traffic safety, environmental quality, and economic development. Therefore, gaining a good understanding of congestion patterns and identify contributing factors and countermeasures to reduce them are of key importance toward effective traffic management and investment decision-making for transportation improvements. Travel demand, geometric characteristics of transportation facilities, special events, crashes, adverse weather, and other environmental conditions can play a role in the occurrence of traffic congestion. Pavement deterioration is also viewed as a factor …

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Impact Of Alpha-Synuclein Aggregates On Synaptic Structure In The Amygdala, Nolwazi Zakithi Gcwensa Sep 2024

Impact Of Alpha-Synuclein Aggregates On Synaptic Structure In The Amygdala, Nolwazi Zakithi Gcwensa

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Parkinson’s disease is the most common motor neurodegenerative and is characterized by intracellular inclusions of misfolded protein α-synuclein termed Lewy Pathology. At least 80% of PD sufferers also experience non-motor symptoms along with, and sometimes preceding, the motor symptoms. Symptoms such as apathy, hallucinations, anxiety and depression could be caused by α-synuclein inclusions causing dysfunction in the amygdala. Lewy pathology in the amygdala of PD patients is robust and has also been observed in a number of other diseases like Dementia with Lewy Bodies and Alzheimer's disease. In our lab, we have shown that using preformed fibrils to induce α-synuclein …

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Pseudomonas Aeruginosa And Tobramycin Effects On Aspergillus Fumigatus Infection In Cystic Fibrosis Airway, Tuan Anh Nguyen Sep 2024

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa And Tobramycin Effects On Aspergillus Fumigatus Infection In Cystic Fibrosis Airway, Tuan Anh Nguyen

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Aspergillus fumigatus (Af) is one of the most common molds in the airways of people with Cystic Fibrosis (pwCF). The infection of Af is often preceded by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PsA) infection and its correlated treatment. PsA is considered a highly prevalent bacteria in the CF lung. PwCF suffers from complex and sophisticated coinfections within the airway that negatively impact the health outcomes of patients. Despite this, why fungal and bacterial coinfection occurs in pwCF is still being determined. However, abnormal mucus production and its characteristics are suspected of creating an environment that promotes Af germination and disease progression. This study …

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Surface-Engineered Nano/Micro-Hybrid Polymer Systems For Environmental Health And Safety, Renjith Rajan Pillai Sep 2024

Surface-Engineered Nano/Micro-Hybrid Polymer Systems For Environmental Health And Safety, Renjith Rajan Pillai

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Environmental pollution involves the introduction of harmful substances into the natural environment, leading to detrimental effects on ecosystems, wildlife, and human health. This dissertation aims to advance comprehension of environmental pollution and explore efficient, environmentally friendly, and cost-effective methods of remediation. Recently, there has been increasing concern about the environmental impact of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs), a subgroup of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), and Heavy Metals (HMs) pollution, both known for their carcinogenic and mutagenic properties. These pollutants can significantly harm human health through inhalation, ingestion, or contact with contaminated soil, potentially resulting in conditions such as encephalopathy, kidney dysfunction, …

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Exploratory Review Of Performance Metric Changes At Federally Qualified Health Centers In U.S. Territories Pre- And Post-Covid-19 Pandemic, Keyla Cooper Sep 2024

Exploratory Review Of Performance Metric Changes At Federally Qualified Health Centers In U.S. Territories Pre- And Post-Covid-19 Pandemic, Keyla Cooper

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This study examined the variations in quality-of-care measures and grant allocations for Federally Qualified Health Centers (FQHCs) in U.S. territories before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. It investigated the impact of federal funding, including the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act and the American Rescue Plan Act (ARPA), on these centers to identify strategies to enhance their resilience. Key aspects included financial resources, health outcomes, and the need for integrated mental health services. This quantitative, non-experimental, and cross-sectional study used simple and multiple linear regression analysis to evaluate quantitative secondary data representing FQHCs’ characteristics and performance. A total …

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A Histone Methyltransferase Contributes To Treatment Resistance In Npm1c Aml, Neha Srinivas Sep 2024

A Histone Methyltransferase Contributes To Treatment Resistance In Npm1c Aml, Neha Srinivas

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Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a blood cancer marked by the rapid growth of abnormal myeloid cells, driven by various genetic mutations. AML accounts for approximately 1% of all cancers and presents complicated prognosis and treatment. Menin inhibitors have shown potential in targeting AML. However, resistance to these inhibitors presents a significant clinical obstacle, as patients treated with menin inhibitors are increasingly developing resistance to the treatment. Using CRISPR-Cas9 mediated screening, we identified an epigenetic regulator contributing to resistance against menin inhibitors in AML. Utilizing knockout (KO) models of the epigenetic regulator in-vitro, ex-vivo, and in-vivo, we observed a growth …

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Improving Molecular Diagnosis Success Rates And Prognosis Prediction For Patients With Rare Diseases, Tarun Karthik Kumar Mamidi Sep 2024

Improving Molecular Diagnosis Success Rates And Prognosis Prediction For Patients With Rare Diseases, Tarun Karthik Kumar Mamidi

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Rare diseases are medical conditions that affect a small number of people compared to the general population. There are more than 10,000 estimated rare diseases with 80% being genetic in origin, which although individually have a relatively low prevalence, collectively impact the lives of hundreds of millions of people worldwide. The diagnosis process is usually difficult and slow, but an accurate and early diagnosis can be crucial for disease treatment and management. This dissertation focuses on some of the important problems in this area by investigating the application of advanced machine learning methods to enhance the accuracy, precision, and efficiency …

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Investigating The Impacts Of Staphylococcus Aureus Small Colony Variant Infection In The Cystic Fibrosis Rat Lung, Gretchen E. Bollar Sep 2024

Investigating The Impacts Of Staphylococcus Aureus Small Colony Variant Infection In The Cystic Fibrosis Rat Lung, Gretchen E. Bollar

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Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal-recessive genetic disease characterized by recurrent and chronic airway infections. Staphylococcus aureus is currently the most common organism isolated from the CF lung, but its role as a pathogen has been historically difficult to characterize due to a broad range of genetic diversity and subtypes seen across infectious strains. Small colony variants (SCVs) are a subpopulation of S. aureus marked by slow growth rate and impaired metabolism that have been associated with worse respiratory outcomes in people with CF (pwCF). SCVs also exhibit altered colony morphology and can confound the results of traditional diagnostic assays, …

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The Impact Of Urologic Transitional Care Program On Change In Transition Readiness And Healthcare Resource Utilization Among Patients With Congenital Urogenital Conditions Needing Lifelong Care, Michael Chua Sep 2024

The Impact Of Urologic Transitional Care Program On Change In Transition Readiness And Healthcare Resource Utilization Among Patients With Congenital Urogenital Conditions Needing Lifelong Care, Michael Chua

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Advancements in medical care have significantly increased survival rates for children with severe illnesses, leading to majority of these children reaching adulthood. Consequently, the transition from pediatric to adult care has become a critical area of focus, with recent guidelines and studies advocating for structured transitional care interventions to enhance disability-related knowledge and readiness for adulthood. The urologic transitional care program aims to address the challenges faced by adolescents with complex congenital urologic conditions as they transition from pediatric to adult healthcare. This study evaluates the program's effectiveness, particularly focusing on improving transitional readiness and healthcare utilization outcomes among these …

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From Darkness To Dawn, Ayesha Jaaz Siddiqui Sep 2024

From Darkness To Dawn, Ayesha Jaaz Siddiqui

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At Springdale University, Sophie stands on the edge of a rooftop, haunted by the day her world shattered. Just as she begins to navigate her grief and the pain that lingers in her heart, her path crosses with Asher's. Asher—Springdale’s sports star perpetually in the spotlight, especially with girls—and Sophie—the class topper who shuns attention—never imagined they'd be paired for tutoring. Yet, their professor’s decision sets them on an unexpected journey. Asher carries a burden that has always been exclusive to him, but not anymore. When his mother, who once abandoned him when he was 8 years old, returns to …

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Interactions Between Oral Cancer Cells And Enterococcus Fecalis And Their Impact On Perineural Invasion, Sree Ramya Bhamidipaati Sep 2024

Interactions Between Oral Cancer Cells And Enterococcus Fecalis And Their Impact On Perineural Invasion, Sree Ramya Bhamidipaati

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Oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell cancers (OSCC and OPSCC) are some of the most common cancers in the world. The overall 5-year survival rate is 68.5%, which drops to 39.3% in patients with later-stage cancers. This research aims to evaluate the effects of Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) on the OSCC and OPSCC's tumor progression. E. faecalis is associated with asymptomatic, persistent endodontic infections and was found at a higher rate in OSCC patients. We hypothesize that cancer cells and Enterococcus faecalis (Ef) interact to affect the tumorigenic properties of oral cancer cells. OSCC cells from different parts of the oral …

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Impact Of Exercise Modalities On Quality Of Life And Performance Metrics In Breast Cancer Survivors, Shannon Anderson Sep 2024

Impact Of Exercise Modalities On Quality Of Life And Performance Metrics In Breast Cancer Survivors, Shannon Anderson

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Background: Advancements in research have caused the survival rate for breast cancer to increase making the population of breast cancer survivors (BCS) much larger than in previous decades. Breast cancer can have a lasting impression on a person’s quality of life (QoL) even after completing treatment. Breast cancer is also associated with various side effects as a result of treatment as well as comorbidities. Different types of exercise and physical activity have been shown to improve QoL as well as other health outcomes. Purpose: This study aimed to compare the effects of aerobic exercise versus flexibility and toning exercise on …

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A Visual Guide To Balancing Latency And Bandwidth In Mpi All-To-All, Naeris Netterville Sep 2024

A Visual Guide To Balancing Latency And Bandwidth In Mpi All-To-All, Naeris Netterville

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The complex nature of parallel algorithms in the Message Passing Interface (MPI) standard challenges the ability of trivially visualizing them. Within MPI libaries (e.g., MPICH, Open-MPI), there are many collectives that offer different solutions for communicating data between processes. The collective MPI_Alltoall uses various techniques such as the spread-out and Bruck algorithms to have processes transfer data between all processes. Each technique within MPI_Alltoall is best suited for different scenarios. The spread-out algorithm uses a linear number of iterations, in process count P, while the Bruck algorithm is logarithmic. The Bruck algorithm transfers more data overall, but with fewer communication …

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Understanding Biopsychosocial Influences On Physical Activity And Quality Of Life In Breast Cancer Survivors, Erica A. Schleicher Sep 2024

Understanding Biopsychosocial Influences On Physical Activity And Quality Of Life In Breast Cancer Survivors, Erica A. Schleicher

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Receiving a breast cancer diagnosis and subsequent treatment can be life-altering, presenting numerous challenges. Breast cancer treatments are effective at allowing women to live longer, but often impose long-term side-effects that survivors must manage for years. Exercise is an effective way to address many long-term side-effects of breast cancer treatment, yet 63-83% of breast cancer survivors do not meet recommended physical activity (PA) guidelines. Due to the complexity of cancer and treatment options, cancer-related factors have potential biopsychosocial impacts that can influence exercise habits, attitudes toward PA (i.e., social cognitive theory (SCT) constructs), and potentially quality of life (QoL). It …

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