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Articles 91 - 120 of 163
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Factors Affecting Estuarine Populations Of Nereocystis Luetkeana In Kachemak Bay, Alaska, HéLoïSe Anne Chenelot
Factors Affecting Estuarine Populations Of Nereocystis Luetkeana In Kachemak Bay, Alaska, HéLoïSe Anne Chenelot
Marine Biology
Nereocystis luetkeana forms extensive kelp beds in Kachemak Bay, Alaska. Salinity and turbidity gradients apparently regulate kelp bed distribution throughout this estuary. The beds are large at the entrance of the bay, only solitary stands occur in the inner bay, and no kelp is found at the head of the bay. The role of salinity and turbidity on Nereocystis sporophyte growth was investigated by performing reciprocal transplants among three beds along the bay axis and regularly measuring stipe growth. The effects of salinity and light on spores were studied in the laboratory by recording sinking tendency, settlement success, germination success, …
Temporal And Spatial Variability Of Sinking Particles In The Southeast Bering Sea, Stacy Lynn Smith
Temporal And Spatial Variability Of Sinking Particles In The Southeast Bering Sea, Stacy Lynn Smith
Marine Biology
The factors affecting the timing, quantity and fate of southeastern Bering Sea primary production, including coupling to higher trophic levels, were investigated via sinking particles collected using sediment traps. Stable carbon and nitrogen isotopic composition and lipid composition of zooplankton and sinking particles were measured for middle (M2) and outer (M3) shelf samples collected during 1997-2000. The quantity collected by the M2 sediment trap was high in late summer and fall, as well as during spring blooms, and was much greater than that collected at M3. M2 zooplankton and trap samples were enriched in ¹⁵N and ¹³C over those from …
Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning: The Relationship Between Alexandrium Abundance And Psp Toxins On Kodiak Island, Alaska, Julie A. Matweyou
Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning: The Relationship Between Alexandrium Abundance And Psp Toxins On Kodiak Island, Alaska, Julie A. Matweyou
Marine Biology
Paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) events have severe negative impacts on Alaska commercial shellfish fisheries as well as recreational and subsistence harvests. This study, designed to improve existing PSP monitoring programs, involved the use of a rapid sandwich hybridization assay to detect and quantify the relative abundance of Alexandrium catenella based on species-specific LSU rRNA targeted oligonucleotide probes. Blue mussel (Mytilus edulis) toxicity, expressed as saxitoxin equivalents, was determined using the ³H-Saxitoxin receptor binding assay. Shellfish toxicity was relatively low in both 2000 and 2001 compared to historically high values on Kodiak, but exhibited pronounced late spring and late summer peaks, …
Migrant Stopover Ecology And Resident Resilience After Hurricane Iris In A Neotropical Bird Community, Andrew Bryant Johnson
Migrant Stopover Ecology And Resident Resilience After Hurricane Iris In A Neotropical Bird Community, Andrew Bryant Johnson
Biological Sciences
I conducted two avian ecology studies in southern Belize. I examined mass gains by Nearctic-Neotropic migrants in forest near the Gulf of Honduras, a potential ecological barrier to migration. Condition indices (mass/wing chord or tail length) were used to estimate net diel mass gains in migrant species. Ten migrant species apparently were fattening at the site, but some species not fattening at the site had accumulated fat loads elsewhere, and this region appears to provide important resources for transient migrants. I also studied the resilience of a marked resident bird community after Hurricane Iris severely altered the habitat. Given the …
Agroborealis, Vol. 35, No. 2 (Winter 2003), School Of Natural Resources And Agricultural Sciences
Agroborealis, Vol. 35, No. 2 (Winter 2003), School Of Natural Resources And Agricultural Sciences
Agroborealis
Birch: white gold in the boreal forest -- Birch Beverages -- Birch Syrup Production in Alaska -- Birch Sap and Growth: Birch has commercial potential for far more than merely its wood-and Alaskan are leading the way. / Deirdre Helfferich -- Invasive Weeds in Alaska: assessment of research priorities: Invasive weeds are a serious threat to native species, and although the severity of this plant problem is not as great in Alaska as in the rest of the country, it is getting worse. To evaluate where best to allocate resources to combat this problem, the Committee for Noxious and Invasive …
The Treeline Ecotone In Interior Alaska: From Theory To Planning And The Ecology In Between, Martin Wilmking
The Treeline Ecotone In Interior Alaska: From Theory To Planning And The Ecology In Between, Martin Wilmking
Forest Sciences
Treelines have been the focus of intense research for nearly a hundred years, also because they represent one of the most visible boundaries between two ecological systems. In recent years however, treelines have been studied, because changes in forest ecosystems due to global change, e.g. treeline movement, are expected to manifest first in these areas. This dissertation focuses on the elevational and latitudinal treelines bordering the boreal forest of interior Alaska. After development of a conceptional model of ecotones as three-dimensional spaces between ecosystems, we offer a historical perspective on treeline research and its broader impact in the Brooks Range, …
Comparing The Nutritional Quality Of Steller Sea Lion (Eumetopias Jubatus) Diets, Monica Kaho Bando
Comparing The Nutritional Quality Of Steller Sea Lion (Eumetopias Jubatus) Diets, Monica Kaho Bando
Marine Biology
Though the primary cause(s) of the Steller sea lion decline remains unknown, one hypothesis is nutritional stress, possibly the result of climatic regime shifts reducing prey availability and/or quality. Researchers at the Alaska SeaLife Center formulated three feeding regimes representative of Steller sea lion diets: prior to and during their population decline and from a stable population. The purpose of this project was to compare the nutritional quality of these diets using proximate composition and bomb calorimetry. The pre-decline and stable diets are composed of more high-fat prey, like herring, with resulting energy densities being significantly higher than the decline …
Natural Resource News, Vol, 02, No. 2 (August 2002), N/A N/A
Natural Resource News, Vol, 02, No. 2 (August 2002), N/A N/A
Natural Resource News
No abstract provided.
The Role Of Copepods In The Distribution Of Hydrocarbons: An Experimental Approach, Switgard Duesterloh
The Role Of Copepods In The Distribution Of Hydrocarbons: An Experimental Approach, Switgard Duesterloh
Fisheries
Copepods may provide a significant pathway for the concentration and transfer of polyaromatic compounds (PAC) to higher trophic level consumers. PAC dissolved from weathered crude oil are more persistent in the environment and have much higher toxicity than the lighter, more volatile fractions of crude oil. Because of their polarity, PAC tend to accumulate in bio-lipids. Subarctic copepod species can contain up to 80% of their body dry weight in lipids and have a high surface area to volume ratio. Thus, PAC accumulation is rapid and bioaccumulation factors are in the order of 500--8000, depending upon species and lipid content. …
Winter Vertebrate Browsing Of Birch: Effects On The Use Of Leaf Litter Leachates By Stream Microorganisms, Jeffrey L. Estensen
Winter Vertebrate Browsing Of Birch: Effects On The Use Of Leaf Litter Leachates By Stream Microorganisms, Jeffrey L. Estensen
Biological Sciences
Winter browsing of birch leads to chemical changes in leaves of the following growing season, potentially generating differences in the quality of leachates derived from leaf litter and in leachate use by stream microorganisms. The effects of moose browsing were tested on leachates from leaves collected from browsed and unbrowsed trees and inoculated with microbial communities. Respiration and bacterial abundance were used to assess qualitative differences in leachates. Microbes cultured in leachates derived from leaves of browsed trees had significantly higher rates of oxygen uptake. There were no significant differences in bacterial abundance between treatments. The basis for the qualitative …
Modeling The Influences Of Climate Change, Permafrost Dynamics, And Fire Disturbance On Carbon Dynamics Of High -Latitude Ecosystems, Qianlai Zhuang
Modeling The Influences Of Climate Change, Permafrost Dynamics, And Fire Disturbance On Carbon Dynamics Of High -Latitude Ecosystems, Qianlai Zhuang
Biological Sciences
A Soil Thermal Model (STM) with the capability to operate with a 0.5-day internal time step and to be driven with monthly input data was developed for applications with large-scale ecosystem models. The use of monthly climate inputs to drive the STM resulted in an error of less than 1�C in the upper organic soil layer and in an accurate simulation of seasonal active layer dynamics. Uncertainty analyses identified that soil temperature estimates of the upper organic layer were most sensitive to variability in parameters that described snow thermal conductivity, moss thickness, and moss thermal conductivity. The STM was coupled …
A Retrospective Assessment Of Primary Productivity On The Bering And Chukchi Sea Shelves Using Stable Isotope Ratios In Seabirds, Grace Elizabeth Abromaitis
A Retrospective Assessment Of Primary Productivity On The Bering And Chukchi Sea Shelves Using Stable Isotope Ratios In Seabirds, Grace Elizabeth Abromaitis
Marine Biology
Recent declines of marine mammal seabird populations in the Bering Sea have raised the question of whether the changes are caused by fishing pressure or a decrease in ecosystem carrying capacity. Stable carbon (¹³C⁾ and nitrogen (¹⁵N⁾ isotope ratios in Thick⁻billed Murre muscle and feathers were used as indicators of changing seasonal primary production. ¹³C values in phytoplankton vary directly with growth rates and are passed up the food web to consumers. Muscle and feather ¹³C values decreased over the period 1976-1998 suggesting a decline in Bering/Chukchi continental shelf primary production. Carbon isotope ratios in murres were correlated with bowhead …
A Comparison Of Sockeye Salmon (Oncorhynchus Nerka) In Two Climate Regimes In The North Pacific Ocean Using Stable Carbon And Nitrogren Isotope Ratios, Franklin Robert Satterfield
A Comparison Of Sockeye Salmon (Oncorhynchus Nerka) In Two Climate Regimes In The North Pacific Ocean Using Stable Carbon And Nitrogren Isotope Ratios, Franklin Robert Satterfield
Marine Biology
This study explores how the climate shift in the late 1970's impacted sockeye salmon feeding. Stable isotope ratios (¹³C and ¹⁵N) of recent muscle and scale tissues from five mature salmon species are highly correlated (R²=0.96 and 0.91, respectively), validating the use of archived scales for retrospective analysis. These data suggest a trophic separation by species with chinook occupying the highest level, followed by coho with some degree of overlap among sockeye, pink and chum at the lowest level. Archived scales from four different sockeye stocks from Kodiak Island and Southeast region were analyzed over the last 34 years to …
Survival And Brood Rearing Ecology Of Emperor Geese, Joel A. Schmutz
Survival And Brood Rearing Ecology Of Emperor Geese, Joel A. Schmutz
Biological Sciences
Emperor Geese (Chen canagica) breed on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta in an area inhabited by three other goose species. Whereas populations of other geese increased since the mid 1980s, Emperor Goose numbers remained low. Because survival and habitat selection by broods of Emeperor Geese had not been studied previously and numbers of predatory Glaucous Gulls (Larus hyperboreus) had recently increased, I studied brood rearing ecology of Emperor Geese during 1993-1996 to assess whether this seasonal period could be limiting population growth. Survival of goslings to 30 days varied among years from 0.32 to 0.70 and was primarily influenced by mortality during …
Fishlines, 2000, N/A N/A
Secondary Reproductive Strategies In Pacific Black Brant (Branta Bernicla Nigricans), Pamela A. Svete
Secondary Reproductive Strategies In Pacific Black Brant (Branta Bernicla Nigricans), Pamela A. Svete
Biological Sciences
Waterfowl are known to use secondary reproductive strategies, both extra-pair copulations and intraspecific brood parasitism, to increase fitness. We used five polymorphic microsatellite loci to determine extra-pair paternity and nest parasitism in 30 nests of Pacific Black Brant geese (Branta bernicla nigricans) containing 108 offspring. Fourteen of the 30 nests contained offspring that were not genetically related to one or both of the attending adults: 6.5% (7/108) of the offspring resulted from extra-pair copulations (EPC); 13.9% (15/108) of the offspring resulted from intraspecific brood parasitism (IBP). All offspring resulting from EPCs were produced during the peak period of nest initiation. …
Studies On The Ecological Physiology Of Porphyra Abbottae And Porphyra Torta (Rhodophyta): Development Of New Species For Mariculture In Alaska, Jan Marie Conitz
Studies On The Ecological Physiology Of Porphyra Abbottae And Porphyra Torta (Rhodophyta): Development Of New Species For Mariculture In Alaska, Jan Marie Conitz
Fisheries
Environmental factors affecting the distribution and growth of Porphyra abbottae and Porphyra torta were studied in a research project on the feasibility of nori mariculture in southeast Alaska. In situ abundance of Porphyra abbottae was compared at sites in Sitka Sound, Cross Sound and Chatham Strait. Growth of laboratory cultured Porphyra torta gametophytes was studied in response to nutrients, salinity, crowding and substrate. The seasonal progression of abundance in Porphyra abbottae varied between study sites, with associated differences in water motion and temperature. Double sampling techniques improved accuracy of in situ abundance estimates. Germination and initial growth of cultured Porphyra …
Foraging Ecology And Conservation Biology Of African Elephants: Ecological And Evolutionary Perspectives On Elephant-Woody Plant Interactions In African Landscapes, Joseph Paine Dudley
Foraging Ecology And Conservation Biology Of African Elephants: Ecological And Evolutionary Perspectives On Elephant-Woody Plant Interactions In African Landscapes, Joseph Paine Dudley
Biological Sciences
The available scientific evidence indicates that African forest elephants and bush elephants are ecologically and evolutionarily distinct taxa. The current practice of regarding these two taxa as ecotypes of a single species, Loxodonta africana (i.e., L. a. africana Blumenbach 1797, L. a. cyclotis Matschie 1900) appears unwarranted, and obscures issues of major significance to the conservation biology of African elephants. Under a proposed taxonomic revision, the African bush elephant retains the designation Loxodonta africana Blumenbach 1797 while the African forest elephant is recognized as Loxodonta cyclotis Noack 1906. The browsing of woody plants by African bush elephants is a major …
Northern Light, Volume 18, Number 14, N/A N/A
Northern Light, Volume 18, Number 14, N/A N/A
The Northern Light
No abstract provided.
Alaska Research Natural Areas. 4: Big Windy Hot Springs, Glenn Patrick Juday
Alaska Research Natural Areas. 4: Big Windy Hot Springs, Glenn Patrick Juday
Miscellaneous Publications
The 65 ha Big Windy Hot Springs Research Natural Area (RNA) in the Steese National Conservation Area of central Alaska is managed by the Bureau of Land Management. It contains a vent that issues hot water at about 61° C flowing at about 8 liters per minute from the largest of a system of small springs and seeps. Geothermal water seeping over the face of a cliff has intensely weathered the local granitic bedrock into gruss. The fracture of massive boulders from the possibly fault-related cliff is one of the most distinctive features of the RNA. Small boulders from the …
Proximate And Ultimate Control Of Reproductive Effort In Northern Shovelers (Anas Clypeata) Nesting At Minto Flats, Alaska, Margaret Christine Maccluskie
Proximate And Ultimate Control Of Reproductive Effort In Northern Shovelers (Anas Clypeata) Nesting At Minto Flats, Alaska, Margaret Christine Maccluskie
Theses (Unassigned)
The purpose of this study was to examine factors that influence reproductive effort of female Northern Shovelers (Anas clypeata) nesting at Minto Flats, AK during summer 1991-1993. I investigated the importance of endogenous nutrient reserves to females during egg production and examined changes in organ weights and intestine lengths through the reproductive cycle. Changes in organ weights and intestine length were similar to those of shovelers nesting in Manitoba. Females used neither somatic lipid reserves, protein reserves, nor mineral reserves to produce eggs. Individual variation in somatic lipid reserves was explained by body size and nest initiation date, while variation …
Seasonal Proximate Composition And Food Source Comparisons Of Dolly Varden Char In The Kugururok River, Alaska, Robert James Foy
Seasonal Proximate Composition And Food Source Comparisons Of Dolly Varden Char In The Kugururok River, Alaska, Robert James Foy
Fisheries
The Kugururok River on the Noatak River System is an important spawning tributary for Dolly Varden char (Salvelinus malma), an important subsistence resource, occur bycatch in commercial fisheries, and are the basis of a sport fishery. The feeding habits and energetic condition of two spawning run patterns in the Noatak River Drainage were studied. Isotope ratio analysis revealed a predominantly marine carbon and nitrogen composition in all adult char. No internal isotopic fractionations were found either between tissues or seasons in any tissue. Proximate analysis revealed patterns of lipid and protein utilization characteristic of periodic starvation in fishes. Significant shifts …
Summer Habitat Relationships And Foraging Ecology Of The Delta Bison Herd, Maria Berger
Summer Habitat Relationships And Foraging Ecology Of The Delta Bison Herd, Maria Berger
Biological Sciences
Investigations of habitat use, diet composition and diet selection of introduced plains bison (Bison bison bison) in interior Alaska in summer were conducted during 1989 through 1991. Bison used early- and mid-successional plant communities on the floodplain of the Delta River and wetlands above the floodplain. Grasses predominated in summer diets of bison, but substantial amounts of willow (Saiix) were included. Other shrubs were used much less than available, as were sedges. The role of sedges in bison diets may be changing as bison increasingly have exploited sedge-dominated wetland habitats. Experimental studies of the effects of bison grazing on forage …
The Emperor Goose: An Annotated Bibliography, Robert F. Rockwell, Margaret R. Petersen, Joel A. Schmutz
The Emperor Goose: An Annotated Bibliography, Robert F. Rockwell, Margaret R. Petersen, Joel A. Schmutz
Biological Papers of the University of Alaska
This bibliography contains more than 500 published and unpublished references relevant to the emperor goose (Chen canagica). The referenced works date from the early exploration of Beringia and Alaska through the formal description of the species in 1802 to 1993.
Seasonal Diets Of Mink And Martens: Effects Of Spatial And Temporal Changes In Resource Abundance, Merav Ben-David
Seasonal Diets Of Mink And Martens: Effects Of Spatial And Temporal Changes In Resource Abundance, Merav Ben-David
Theses (Unassigned)
Seasonal changes in food availability and feeding habits of mink (Mustela vison) and martens (Martes americana) on Chichagof Island, Southeast Alaska, were studied through the analysis of natural abundance of stable isotopes. Dependence of the two species on marine-derived nutrients, carried to the terrestrial system via the upstream migration of spawning Pacific salmon (Onchorhynchus sp.), was investigated. Twenty-four mink and 75 martens were live-trapped repeatedly in early summer (prior to salmon runs), early autumn (post salmon runs), late winter, and in spring (during the mating season). A blood sample was obtained from each individual. In addition, 25 mink and 165 …
Nesting Ecology Of Migratory Golden Eagles (Aquila Chrysaetos) In Denali National Park, Alaska, Carol L. Mcintyre
Nesting Ecology Of Migratory Golden Eagles (Aquila Chrysaetos) In Denali National Park, Alaska, Carol L. Mcintyre
Biological Sciences
Between 1988 and 1993 I measured occupancy of nesting territories and reproduction of golden eagles (Aquila chrysaetos) in Denali National Park, Alaska. I collected data occupancy of nesting territories and three reproductive variables (pairs nesting, pairs producing fledglings, and fledgling production) at 74 nesting territories using three aerial surveys each year. During my study, annual fledgling production varied nearly threefold, from 20 fledglings in 1992 to 58 fledglings in 1989. Although rates of nesting territory occupancy did not vary significantly among years (yj = 8.21, d.f. = 5, P = 0.114), I noted significant variation in the proportion of pairs …
Movements, Distribution, And Population Dynamics Of Polar Bears In The Beaufort Sea, Steven C. Amstrup
Movements, Distribution, And Population Dynamics Of Polar Bears In The Beaufort Sea, Steven C. Amstrup
Theses (Unassigned)
I used mark and recapture, and radio telemetry to describe movements and population dynamics of polar bears of the Beaufort Sea. Rates of movement were lowest for females with cubs in spring, highest for females with yearlings in winter, and varied from 0.30-0.96 km/h. Total distances moved each month and year were 186-492 km and 1,454-6,203 km respectively. Highest and lowest levels of activity were in June and September. Activity levels were highest from mid-day to late evening. Females with cubs were more active than other bears. Annual home ranges varied from 12,730 km$\sp2$ to 596,800 km$\sp2$. The Beaufort Sea …
The Takin And Muskox: A Molecular And Ecological Evaluation Of Relationship, Pamela Groves
The Takin And Muskox: A Molecular And Ecological Evaluation Of Relationship, Pamela Groves
Theses (Unassigned)
This research clarifies the classification of and relationship between the takin (Budorcas taxicolor) and muskox (Ovibos moschatus). Although both are social ungulates of similar body size, takins live in dense mountainous habitats at temperate latitudes in Asia, and muskoxen live in open arctic habitats in Alaska, Canada and Greenland. Morphological, paleontological and chromosome comparisons have supported a close relationship between these species and their classification within the tribe Ovibovini in the subfamily Caprinae. Previous studies, however, have not defined the genetic relationship of the takin and muskox. This project used ecological and molecular comparisons to evaluate these proposed relationships. Ecological …
Ecology Of Birch Litter Decomposition And Forest Floor Processes In The Alaskan Taiga, Stephen Mitchell Wagener
Ecology Of Birch Litter Decomposition And Forest Floor Processes In The Alaskan Taiga, Stephen Mitchell Wagener
Theses (Unassigned)
Our view of an ecological process is influenced by the scale of our hypotheses and experiments. The forest floor can be examined as a system, where processes that affect ecosystem carbon and nutrient cycling are controlled by macroscale variables (seasonal climatic changes), which in turn affect microscale controls over microbial activity. In the forest floor of Alaskan taiga, annual layers of Equisetum (horsetail) litter demarcate cohorts of birch litter. We collected samples of the forest floor monthly during September 1992, and in June-September 1993. Forest floor material was separated into each of the three most recent litter cohorts, plus the …
Black Bear Denning Ecology And Habitat Selection In Interior Alaska, Martin E. Smith
Black Bear Denning Ecology And Habitat Selection In Interior Alaska, Martin E. Smith
Biological Sciences
To identify conflicts between existing black bear (Ursus americanus) management and human activity on Tanana River Flats, Alaska, we monitored 27 radio-collared black bears from 1988-1991. We compared denning chronology, den characteristics, den-site selection, and habitat selection across sex, age, and female reproductive classes. Mean den entry was 1 October and emergence was 21 April, with females denned earlier and emerging later than males. Marshland and heath meadow habitats were avoided, and willow-alder was selected for den-sites. Eighty-three percent of dens were excavated, 100% contained nests, 18% were previously used, and 29% had flooded. Black bears selected black spruce-tamarack and …