Digital Commons Network^™

A Culturally Competent Phenotypic Evaluation / Obesity Assessment In African And African American Populations: Pilot Study, Catrina Johnson, Robert Corrucini, Daniel Beque, Wanki Moon, Kola Ajuwon, David A. Lightfoot

Articles

BMI, a ratio of weight over height, is a culturally-biased tool imposed upon the scientific, academic and medical communities as an errant measure of obesity across ethnic - ity. Body Mass Index (BMI) relates mass (g) to a relative fat distribution with regards to height. Its genesis is from the actuarially derived and ethnically exclusive height and weight tables that promote the fictional notion of inter-eth - nic ideal weights that would be later adopted by the Na - tional Institutes of Health (NIH) as a competent measure of adiposity. Best practice, movement towards individualized medicine and deployment of effective …

Food Preferences Survey In African Americans And West Africans: A Cultural Exploration Of Agreement And Divergence In Attitudes In Food Environments And Food Responses, Catrina Johnson, Robert Corrichini, Daniel Becque, Wanki Moon, Kola Ajuwon, David A. Lightfoot

Articles

African Americans, currently over-represented among low SES groups, have been found to be among the most at risk groups for obesity and type 2 diabetes. Phenotypic expression, such as obesity, result from the combined effect of genetic inheritance and environmental influences. Environmental dynamics interact with individuals on micro, meso and ecto levels (Bronfrenbrenner, 1989), are diverse and cultural (Vygotsky, 1993) and are learned by individuals through modeling and observation (Bandura, 1989). Environmental factors such as parental influence and modeling, availability and accessibility of produce, sweetened drinks and fast foods, can contribute to or minimize the onset of obesity and type …

The Effects Of Social Media On The Health Of College Students, Daniel T. Vanoverbeke

Research Papers

No abstract provided.

Understanding The Nature Of Eco-Leadership: A Mixed Methods Study Of Leadership In Community Organizations, Eric K. Kaufman, Rachael E. Kennedy, D. Adam Cletzer

Journal of Contemporary Water Research and Education

The purpose of this study was to explore and explain eco-leadership in practice, specifically among community groups in Virginia's New River Valley. This paper describes relationships between community groups' leadership style and other factors while also highlighting an intricate mixed method design that ultimately led to a deep, rich understanding of these relationships. There were five research objectives: (1) Characterize the community groups' leadership culture; (2) Assess each group's cohesiveness; (3) Assess the groups' community project involvement; (4) Determine if relationships exist between the variables; and (5) Highlight the role of mixed methods in the emergence of findings. The study …

Individuals Perception Of The Double Value Coupon Program And It's Administrative Scope In Southern Illinois: A Qualitative Study, Dominique M. Rose

Dissertations

This dissertation examined the dimensions of food access and its effects on food selection for individuals enrolled in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP); low-income senior citizens; and recipients of the Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) benefit. This study investigated the use of the Link Up Illinois Double Value SNAP Nutrition Incentives Program (DVCP), a coupon with which recipients can receive twice as much fresh produce when redeemed at a farmers market. In addition, this study measured the organizational scope of administering the Double Value Coupon Program in the 12th Congressional District of Illinois. This information allows for the development …

The Relationship Between Religion And Diet-Related Disparities In African American Men., Joel Hamilton

Theses

This study utilized a cross-sectional design to report quantitative results. Equal numbers of African American men, religious and non-religious, were sought out for comparison. Participants must have identified as African American, been 30 years of age or older, and lived within 10 miles of Carbondale, IL during the time of the study. African American men are at an increased risk of developing many diet-related disparities. This study aimed to see if religion influenced these factors.

Lectio Divina: A Call For Salah & Poetic Being, Momina A. Khan

Artizein: Arts and Teaching Journal

I reflect back on the ARTS Pre-Conference 2017 of the Canadian Society for Studies in Education. It was a day full of non-linear knowledge exchanges, conversations, creations, contemplation and arts-based activities. Collaborators dwelled in, engaged, and emerged together spiritually, poetically, and musically to rekindle their learning, coexistence and mystical understandings. I was in my fasting state with dry mouth, hungry stomach, and thirsty soul combined with contemplative sessions, plus my scholarly and poetic inspirations in the flesh. It was purely an epoch of unbridled spirit tenderly wrapped in creative and contemplative ways of being present in the moment, with the …

Determination And Correlation Of Volatile And Nonvolatile Compounds With Coffee Quality, Jackson Wood

Honors Theses

Coffee is one of the most popular drinks around the world and as such is a very active area of research. This research used HS-SPME - GCMS and HPLC to correlate volatile and nonvolatile coffee components with flavor profiles generated by professional coffee tasters. Coffee was also tasted and ranked by amateur volunteers culled from SIU students and faculty population. Results indicated the professionally established overall coffee scores correlated with coffee cost per ounce, and there were differences between professional and amateur tasters. Professional tasters were trained to recognize subtle differences in flavor attributes such as fruity, floral, and sweet, …

Erg1a Potassium Channel Abundance Varies Within Specific Skeletal Muscle And Fiber Type, Luke Anderson

Honors Theses

Skeletal muscle atrophy results from an imbalance of protein degradation and protein synthesis which produces a net loss of protein. This loss occurs mainly through the ubiquitin proteasome pathway (UPP). The ether-a-go-go related gene (ERG1A) is a voltage-gated K⁺ ­­channel that is upregulated in atrophying skeletal muscle. Expression of ERG1A in skeletal muscle increases UPP activity and induces atrophy. Because ERG1A appears variably expressed in muscles composed of mixed fiber types and is a K⁺ channel which has the potential to modulate contraction speed by enhancing repolarization, we hypothesized that ERG1A would be more abundant in slow-twitch fibers …

From Foreign To Familiar Mac And Cheese's Journey To America's Comfort Food, Emily Buice

Honors Theses

This project explores the evolution of macaroni and cheese through recipes ranging from Thomas Jefferson to Wolfgang Puck. These recipes reveal historical trends that coincide with changes in American society and culture. Specifically the role of macaroni and cheese in soul food, as a mass produced commodity, comfort food, and as an example of American overindulgence.

Oil Dependency And National Food Security: A Case For Nigeria, Alexandra A. Akaakar

Theses

Food insecurity is a condition of insufficient access to quality nutritious food; it is often rooted in shocks that interrupt the food production/distribution system in an area. Amidst the capabilities of Nigeria's agricultural system, the number of households across Nigeria experiencing food shortages has increased rapidly. The main reason for this increase were price shocks. This incident highlighted a huge vulnerability in Nigeria's food system, the vulnerability to price shocks. Incidences such as poverty and conflicts magnify the frequency of food insecurity. The ability to reduce vulnerabilities while addressing existing issues in food production and supply depends on a stable …

A Wind Conductor’S Guide: James Barnes’S Trail Of Tears, Charles Ives’S Old Home Days: Suite For Band, And David Maslanka’S Golden Light, Melanie Schuette

Research Papers

AN ABSTRACT OF THE RESEARCH PAPER OF

Melanie K. Schuette, for the Master of Music degree in Music, presented on April 1, 2019, at Southern Illinois University Carbondale.

TITLE: A WIND CONDUCTOR’S GUIDE: JAMES BARNES’S TRAIL OF TEARS, CHARLES IVES’S OLD HOME DAYS: SUITE FOR BAND, AND DAVID MASLANKA’S GOLDEN LIGHT

MAJOR PROFESSOR: Dr. Christopher Morehouse

The scope of this paper is to provide an analysis of three wind band/ensemble works performed as part of the graduate recital of Melanie Schuette. Each chapter is divided into four categories; biography, background, analysis, and rehearsal considerations from the viewpoint of the …

2019 Abstract Book, Undergraduate And Graduate Research Forum

Undergraduate and Graduate Research Forum Abstract Books

No abstract provided.

Building Police-Community Trust In Illinois: Will We Ever Get There? An Examination Of The Illinois Police And Community Relations Act, Tosha Childs

Southern Illinois University Law Journal

The following comment analyzes the 2016 Police and Community Relations Improvement Act. The Act implements the Six Pillars of Change promulgated by President Barack Obama’s Task Force on 21st Century Policing. The pillars represent the best practices to promote effective crime reduction and to build public trust with respect to law enforcement. The pillars are (1) building trust and legitimacy, (2) policy and oversight, (3) technology and social media, (4) community policing and crime reduction, (5) training and education, and (6) officer wellness and safety.

This comment discusses how the Act specifically incorporates the Six Pillars of Change, and it …

Exploring The Impact Of Discrimination On The Quality Of Life Of African Americans In America, Jariah Henderson

Research Papers

No abstract provided.

Agricultural Use Of Reclaimed Water In Florida: Food For Thought, Lawrence R. Parsons

Journal of Contemporary Water Research and Education

Florida has successfully irrigated agricultural crops with reclaimed water (RW) for more than 50 years. Florida and California are the two largest producers and users of RW in the U.S. To allay early fears about RW, Florida regulatory agencies established rules in the 1980s that prohibited direct contact of RW with crops that are not processed but eaten raw. This means that RW cannot be used for direct contact irrigation or frost protection of crops such as strawberries or blueberries. Other states do not have such limitations on RW use. Reclaimed water has an excellent safety record, and no health …

The Value Of Green Water Management In Sub-Saharan Africa: A Review, Clever Mafuta

Journal of Contemporary Water Research and Education

Due to its multiple uses, water is a highly competed-for resource. While the competition is mainly in the use of the resource, contestation over water resources is also demonstrated through how the resource is defined and described. Terms such as water stress and water scarcity are commonly used in literature, and so are various colors that define water quality, including white, grey, yellow, and black water. Water that is useful for agriculture is distinctly known as blue or green water, with the latter increasingly gaining prominence in water planning for improved agricultural productivity. Proper management of green water has been …

Advancing Agricultural Water Security And Resilience Under Nonstationarity And Uncertainty: Evolving Roles Of Blue, Green, And Grey Water, Paula L.S. Rees

Journal of Contemporary Water Research and Education

No abstract provided.

Food Security As A Water Grand Challenge, Courage Bangira

Journal of Contemporary Water Research and Education

Perhaps the biggest challenge the world faces is providing sufficient, nutritious, and safe food at the right time for its ever-increasing population. Considering current world population growth trends, it is estimated that the global population will be about 10 billion by the year 2050. Therefore, food production should at least double in the same period if food security is to be satisfied. Water and land resources play a pivotal role in agriculture and directly connect to food security. At the same time, the capacity to produce food is constrained by global climate changes and increased pressure on land resources. These …

Olympian’S Medal And Money Exemption: How Congress’S Addition To Internal Revenue Code Section 74 Does Very Little For Very Few, Cody Walls

Southern Illinois University Law Journal

Prize winners face income tax consequences upon receiving their prize. Whether the prize is a plaque, car, trophy, or cash, if it has value, it is generally deemed taxable income by the I.R.S. Congress recently passed legislation, Internal Revenue Code Section 74(d), giving Olympic athletes an exemption from income on their Olympic medals and cash they receive from the Olympic Committee.

This note examines what effect the legislation has on an Olympic athlete’s tax return. Additionally, this note looks at what questions an Olympic athlete might ask themselves when determining what is includible in income or what is deductible as …

Role Of Ngos In Addressing Agricultural Challenges Through Certified Organic Agriculture In Developing Regions: A Zimbabwe Case Study, Plaxedes Chitiyo, Leslie A. Duram

Publications

Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) are promoting certified organic agriculture to improve livelihoods and revive Zimbabwe’s ailing agriculture sector. Certified organic agriculture has the potential to address these challenges by seeking lucrative export markets. A qualitative study utilizing semi-structured interviews and website textual content analysis was used to determine the role of NGOs promoting certified organic agriculture in Zimbabwe. Results indicate that the main role of NGOs was to promote community development with partnerships and advocacy as strategies used to educate and create awareness on certified organic agriculture importance. Lack of government support undermines expansion of certified organic agriculture in the country.

Revealing The Role Of Short Chain And Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids As Regulators Of Metabolic Activity And Gene Expression In Ovarian Cancer, Abigayle Ochs

Honors Theses

Abstract

Previous research using the chicken model has provided evidence that a flaxseed-supplemented diet decreases both the severity and the incidence of ovarian cancer. Flaxseed is a source of omega-3 (OM3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), particularly α-linolenic acid (ALA). ALA is converted into longer chain OM3s, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), which inhibit prostaglandins, thereby inhibiting oxidative stress, inflammation, angiogenesis, and proliferation. The dietary fiber component of flaxseed can be fermented in the gut to produce short chain fatty acids (SCFA). Butyric acid, a commonly studied SCFA, has been shown be an important metabolic regulator by acting as …

Mirror, Mirror, On The Wall: Reflections Of A Fat Girl, Lisa P. Spinazola

Kaleidoscope: A Graduate Journal of Qualitative Communication Research

This paper shows a day in the life of a woman who sees herself as fat. Her reflection in the mirror is a site of conflict and strife. While she feels accomplished and confident as a teacher, mother and friend, she lacks confidence about her body, which presents a dialectical tension in her sense of self. She writes as a way to understand this dialectic and how she might learn to live a healthier, happier life where she finds balance and is not flagellating herself about her weight. She explores the role food and exercise play in her existence and …

Labor And Social Identity In Ancient Peru: A Bioarchaeological Perspective, Sarah Katherine Muno

Dissertations

AN ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION OF Sarah K. Muno for the Doctor of Philosophy degree in Anthropology, presented on September 26, 2018 at Southern Illinois University Carbondale. TITLE: LABOR AND SOCIAL IDENTITY IN ANCIENT PERU: A BIOARCHAEOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE MAJOR PROFESSOR: Dr. Izumi Shimada This dissertation presents a bioarchaeological study of labor and social identity in coastal Peru during the Late Intermediate Period (900 – 1470 CE), using data from contemporaneous Middle Sicán (Sicán Precinct and El Brujo, north coast) and Ychsma (Pachacamac, central coast) mortuary contexts. I combine information about funerary treatment with skeletal evidence of trauma, degenerative joint disease, …

Siu Alumni, Siu Alumni Association

SIU Alumni Magazine

No abstract provided.

College Student Athletes’ Perceptions Of Male And Female Athletic Trainers, Salvador Chavez

Research Papers

The overall purpose of this study was to identify how college student-athletes at Southern Illinois University perceive their athletic trainers, specifically, how their perceptions of male and female athletic trainers. Data was collected by 60 student-athletes at SIU. They were given out a questionnaire that were related to the perceptions of the athletic trainer and also to see if gender bias exists.

Succession Of An Upland Oak/Hickory Forest In The Central Hardwood Region, Nathan Hoover

Theses

For the last 9,000-10,000 years the Central Hardwood Region (CHR) has been primarily composed of a mosaic of mesophytic communities in climax and communities of successional forest types dominated by oak (Quercus Linnaeus) and hickory (Carya Nuttall). Shade intolerant oak/hickory dominated forest types have been maintained by natural disturbance processes in synergy with anthropogenic causes, resulting in a large composition of communities which are neither at climatic nor edaphic climax. Reduction in fire events, thinning, forest grazing, and other disturbance processes over the last 80-100 years have coincided with decreased regeneration of shade intolerant species due to lack of adequate …

Evaluation Of Perennial Plant Success On A Green Roof, Chris White

Theses

AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF: CHRISTOPHER M. WHITE, for the Master of Science degree in PLANT, SOIL AND AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS, presented in 2017 at Southern Illinois University, Carbondale. TITLE: EVALUATION OF PERENNIAL PLANT SUCCESS ON A GREEN ROOF MAJOR PROFESSORS: Karen Stoelzle Midden, S. Alan Walters A two-year study (2011-2012) was conducted on a section of an extensive green roof of the Agriculture Building at Southern Illinois University to evaluate the adaptability of four plant species to green roof culture. Extensive green roof survival, growth, and general success of four plant species (Allium schoenoprasum L., Dianthus gratianopolitanus ‘Grandiflorus’ Vill., …

The Effects Of Fluopyram On Macrophomina Phaseolina And Charcoal Rot Of Soybean, Annie Caroline Padgett

Theses

Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid., is a soilborne fungus that causes charcoal rot in over 500 plant species including Zea mays L. and Glycine max (L.) Merr. The pathogen is present in most soybean growing regions of the United States. Infection in soybean can occur after emergence and throughout the vegetative growth stages in a range of environmental conditions. The syndrome is manifest during periods of hot and dry conditions during the reproductive states of the crop. Management options are lacking and consist of avoidance and irrigating crops to lessen the damage caused by the pathogen. Fluopyram is a succinate dehydrogenase …

Siu Alumni, Siu Alumni Association

SIU Alumni Magazine

No abstract provided.