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Sdsu Collegian, March 27, 1974, Student Association Of South Dakota State University

The Collegian Archive : 1970 to 1979

Vol. 82, No. 26

Sdsu Collegian, March 20, 1974, Student Association Of South Dakota State University

The Collegian Archive : 1970 to 1979

Vol. 82, No. 25

Sdsu Collegian, March 13, 1974, The Student Association Of South Dakota State University

The Collegian Archive : 1970 to 1979

Vol. 82, No. 24

Poverty Welfare : Designing A Welfare System, Fern L. Chamberlain

SDSU Extension Circulars

This publication is the tenth segment of an educational series on poverty and welfare in South Dakota. This leaflet examines what the goals, recipient requirements, output, and functions of a welfare system should be, and the relationship of the system to others.

South Dakota Farm And Home Research (Winter 1974), Agricultural Experiment Station, South Dakota State University

South Dakota Farm and Home Research: 1949 -1998

This issue includes the 87th Annual Experiment Station Annual Report.

Agricultural Engineering [p] 4
Animal Science [p] 8
Biochemistry [p] 15
Dairy Science [p] 16
Economics [p] 20
Entomology-Zoology [p] 24
Home Economics [p] 25
Horticulture-Forestry [p] 26
Plant Science [p] 28
Rural Sociology [p] 38
Veterinary Science [p] 39
Wildlife and Fisheries [p] 40
Advisory Groups [p] 42
Staff [p] 42
Budget [p] 46

You Need Minerals, Cooperative Extension South Dakota State University

SDSU Extension Fact Sheets

In order to work perfectly your body must have certain materials in exact amounts. These are called NUTRIENTS and are found in food.

Poverty Welfare : Welfare : The Poor, The Near Poor, The Recipients, The Cost, Wanda M. Leonard

SDSU Extension Circulars

This publication is the eighth segment of an educational series on poverty and welfare in South Dakota. This leaflet explains the demographics of the poor in the state and addresses misconceptions about who is poor, why there is poverty, and how many of the poor are welfare recipients.

Crossbreeding Beef Cattle : A Guide For Using Simumate, Cooperative Extension, South Dakota State University

SDSU Extension Circulars

This publication discusses the benefits of crossbreeding and examines the advantages and disadvantages of various crossbreeding systems. This guide discusses the Two Breed Crisscross, Three Breed Rotation, Specialized Three Breed Crossing Systems, and the computerized evaluation (Sumumate) program.

Proceedings Of The South Dakota Academy Of Science, 1974, Volume 53., South Dakota Academy Of Science

Proceedings of the South Dakota Academy of Science

Proceedings of the South Dakota Academy of Science, 1974, Volume 53.

The table of contents lists the minutes of the fifty-ninth annual meeting, committee reports, new business, treasurer’s report, minutes of the Collegiate Section and the Junior Academy, membership lists, correction of results, papers presented, and reports published by title only. The presidential address titled A Short History of Pi was given by David Ballew.

The following research papers were presented at the fifty-ninth annual meeting held on April 27, 1974: Phosphorus and Iron Contents of Some Black Hills Soils by E. M. White and F. R. Gartner, Chemical Changes …

Sulfur Supplementation With Soybean Meal Or Urea For Feedlot Lambs, Joseph Cletus Ebert

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

One of the urgent tasks facing agricultural scientists throughout the world is that of supplying sufficient food of adequate quality to the ever-increasing human population. The problem is not only that of supplying calories but also providing adequate quantity and quality of protein. Ruminant animals have the ability to convert much plant energy, not utilizable or having low availability for man, and nonprotein nitrogen products into body tissues. Ruminant animals, therefore, can have a very important role in providing food for the human population. The most widely used nonprotein nitrogen compounds urea. The process of building amino acids into body …

Energy Sources In Starter Diets For Early Weaned Pigs, Leon Jon Reiner

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The swine industry is largely dependent upon feed grains as major dietary ingredients because of the very limited ability or the pig to utilize roughages. The dependence upon feed grains puts the pig in direct competition with humans for available food supplies. Grains are an excellent source of carbohydrate but in general are a poor supplier or protein. Raising the level and quality or protein in corn and oats wou1d be of great economic and nutritional value. New uses of high protein ingredients, which were once used as supplementa1 protein for swine, are continually being implemented to help meet the …

Physiological Responses Of Holstein Steer Calves To Winter Climatic Conditions, Jay A. Runestad

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

When a warm-blooded animal, homeotherm, is subjected to an environment colder than body temperature, according to the physical laws of heat and mass transfer, heat dissipation from the animal will be increased. Left unchecked the body temperature will drop, homeothermia, possibly resulting in death. The animal compensates for this heat loss by increasing heat production and/or reducing heat loss by a number of chemical or physical adjustments. One such adjustment is vasoconstriction, which reduces blood flow to the surface, thereby, reducing the temperature of the skin and extremities, with peripheral temperatures of some homeotherms dropping to slightly above freezing without …

Storage Quality Measurements Of Two Large Hay Packages, Ronald Eugene Schrempp

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Forage evaluation for utilization by ruminants can be made by several methods. The conventional in vivo digestibility trials, in vitro dry matter digestibility methods and a number of chemical component analyses have been tested quite extensively in the last 25 years. The in vivo digestibility trial has been the traditional method for feed evaluation, but performance of such a trial is costly and tedious and the resulting total digestible nutrients or digestible energy values have been criticized as being an incomplete measure-of feed value. There are many laboratory feed analyses methods available today. However, in vitro digestibility data have been …

Effects Of Fungus-Fermented Soybeans On Broiler Growth And Life Cycle Performance Of Coturnix Quail, Cheong Choo Chah

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Despite the extensive data that have accumulated on the detrimental effect of molds on the growth of farm animals, very little is known as to the beneficial role of fungi in animal feed. Recent studies at South Dakota State University research laboratories revealed, however, that only 164 of 392 strains of Aspergilli were found to be toxic. When the cultures were grown on sterile soybeans or wheat, some of the tested cultures exerted positive effects on growth of chicks and mice. Hence, the investigations reported herein were initiated to obtain further information on those cultures beneficial to chick performance and …

Quantitative Gene Action And Interrelationships Of Protein Content With Some Metrical Traits Of Oats, Harbans Singh Sraon

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The objectives of this study were (a) to determine gene action, heritability and number of effective factors controlling protein content in oats, (b) to investigate the interrelationships of protein content with other agronomic characters, and (c) to evaluate the feasibility of utilizing A. sterilis germplasm in oat breeding projects. Four genetically distinct cultivars with protein content ranging from 15.7 to 26.6 percent were crossed in all possible combinations to make a complete set of diallel crosses. The data suggested additive gene action and partial dominance for protein content. Groat percentage and number of panicles showed overall partial dominance. Yield and …

In Vitro And In Vivo Evaluation Of Protecting Whey Protein Concentrate For Ruminants, David Rodriguez Maltos

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

In experiment I a series of in vitro buffer and rumen fermentation studies were conducted to evaluate protein solubility at pH 6.8 and pH 2.5 (with pepsin) and ammonia production from whey protein concentrates (WPC, 55% protein) treated with 0, .25, .5, 1.0, and 3% formaldehyde; 1, .5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, and 6% tannic acid; and 0, 1, 2, and 3 hr of heat treatment at 104 C. Protein solubility and ammonia production from casein treated with 0, .5, 1.0, and 3% formaldehyde and 0, .5, 1.0, and 3% tannic acid were also studied. All levels of formaldehyde treatment of …

Reactions Of Reduced Glutathione With Some Methylated Selenium Compounds, Nancy Wendt Thiex

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Selenium biochemistry has been of general interest since the discovery of selenium as the toxic agent in certain plants, which when ingested by animals causes a definite disease syndrome and even death. Early scientists suggested that the logical place in the body for toxic selenium compounds to attack was at the various sites occupied by sulfur. In 1939 a study was published which indicated that reduced glutathione (GSH), a thiol, protected rats against death from a minimum fatal dose of selenium given as sodium selenite. Since this discovery, the reaction of GSH with various selenium containing compounds has been the …

Why Vitamins Are Vital To Life, Cooperative Extension South Dakota State University

SDSU Extension Fact Sheets

These vitamins are essential to normal functioning of the human body in many different ways. We usually speak of general vitamin functions as regulation of body processes. They are actually involved in very complex ways with body operations.

Common Sheep Parasites, Cooperative Extension South Dakota State University

SDSU Extension Fact Sheets

Internal parasite problems are found in sheep producing areas throughout the United States. Parasites causing economic loss affect all classes and ages of sheep; damage, however, is normally greatest to lambs, yearlings and extremely old sheep.

Initiation Of Parturition In Dairy Cows With Dexamethasone And Dexamethasone Plus Estradiol Benzoate, Gary Lee Beardsley

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Parturition was initiated in 25 of 29 (Trial 1) and 26 of 26 (Trial 2) Holstein cows given dexamethasone (Trial 1), 4.4 mg/100 kg body weight, or dexamethasone plus .25 mg estradiol benzoate (Trial 2) at day 273 of gestation. Parturition occurred at 45.l z +/-11.1 h (Trial 1) and 40.8 ± 9.6 h (Trial 2) after injection. Twenty-nine control cows (Trial 1) and 26 control cows (Trial 2) had average gestation lengths of 280 and 281 days, respectively. In Trial 1, calving difficulty was greater (P <.05) while birth weight of calves was 3.0 kg less (P<.05) for the induced cows compared to controls. In Trial 2, no differences in calving difficulty were found, while calf birth weight was 2.5 kg less (P <.10) for the induced cows compared to controls. Average birth weights of calves were 42.4 and 45.4 kg, Trial 1; and L~o.8 and 43.3 kg for Trial 2, for induced and control groups. Severity of udder edema did not differ for either trial. Average daily milk production for the first 9 wk of lactation was 2l~.8 kg and 27.8 kg (Trial 1) and 24.2 kg and 27.7 kg (Trial 2), for induced and control groups. In both trials, differences in milk fat or fat corrected milk were nil. Total milk production (305 day-2X-mature equivalent) was not significantly different for either trial. Changes in body weight were similar for control and induced cows in both trials. The incidence of retained placental membranes was 76 and 10'/4 (Trial 1) and 50 and 4% (Trial 2) for induced and control cows. Average days to first heat, days to firs+, service, days to conception, and services per conception for induced cows were: 58 .4, 79-9, 117.8, 2.0 (Trial l); 80.7, 81.4, 102.2, 1.64 (Trial 2); and for control cows were: 58.6, 82.3, 105.5, 1.8 (Trial l); 89.0, 91.4, 128~6, 1.94 (Trial 2). In Trial 1, the incidence of milk fever in cows with no previous history was 24 and 10'/4 for induced a"'1.d control cows. There were no differences in the incidence of metabolic disorders in Trial 2. Results of California Mastitis Tests were similar for control and induced cows in both trials. In both Trial 1 and Trial 2, fat, protein, total solids, and gamma globulin content of the colostrum did not differ between control an treatment groups;· Casein values were lower (P <.05) for the treatment group in both trials. Average daily gains from 0 to 10 weeks were .63 and .60 kg, for Trial 1; and .51 and .46 kg, for Trial 2, for induced and control calves. No differences were found in calf death loss or health disorders between groups. Similar levels of serum gamma globulin were found for both groups at 0 (before sucking) and 3 days of age in both trials. No meaningful differences were found in total serum protein, albumin, and alpha and beta globulin levels in both trials. No differences were found at birth, in chest depth, shoulder width, head circumference, hip width, and wither height of calves.

Parasites Of Salmonid Fishes From Southcentral Alaska, James Carl Riis

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The importance of fish parasites is directly related to the value of the fish they affect. Alaskan salmonids are extremely important and are constantly increasing in value to the United States. Other countries, such as Japan and Russia, are also finding Alaskan salmonids important as a foodstuff. If human populations continue growing at present rates, in only a few years there could be twice as many people eating fish. As a recreational asset in Alaska, salmonids rank at or near the top, both for sportfishing and as a natural attraction. It is thus important from an economic point of view …

Population Change In West Africa : 1954-1972, Ndidi Odashionu Okwumaba

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

In the light of recent concern over world population growth, it would be interesting to study to what extent West Africa as a developing area has experienced changes in fertility, mortality and natural increase. This study would be especially interesting in that developing countries like those in West Africa account for approximately two-thirds of the world's population. Students of demography generally hold that as a rural agricultural country becomes more urbanized and industrialized, a transition also occurs in the demographic process. Under the influence of modernization, death rates decline rapidly while high fertility continues, producing a rapid population growth that …

Peroxyacetic Acid Delignification Of Wood And Bark From Ponderosa Pine (Pinus Ponderosa), Danny C. Ronning

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Ruminant species, which include cattle, sheep and goats, have the unique capability of digesting. cellulose and hemicellulose, the cell-wall carbohydrates that constitute 70 to 80 percent of wood fiber. By their conversion of these higher polysaccharides, which are indigestible by humans and other monogastrics, to animal products the ruminant species offer a potential means for solving the residue disposal problems of the wood industry while concomitantly extending the food supply for human nutrition. The ability of ruminants to digest the cell-wall carbohydrates depends on the microbial digestion that occurs in the reticule-rumen. This organ lies between the esophagus and the …

The Erythropoietic Effects Of Dibenzyline, Atropine And Iron Dextran On Doe And Fetal Rabbits, Rex Edwin Riis

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The neonatal anemia of rats, swine and humans is a common physiological phenomenon. The progression of the anemia is subjected to wide individual variation and usually progresses inversely to the dam's nutrition. The neonate's nutrition also inversely alters the anemic period. The neonatal anemia does not become apparent until three to five days postpartum. The neonate demonstrates a fast-growing period following parturition with only small storage iron reserves available for the developing tissues. Consequently, there is a decrease in iron availability for normal hemoglobin synthesis and mature erythrocyte formation. The anemic neonate becomes more susceptible to disease which may terminate …

Status Of Para-Professionals Employed In The Expanded Foods And Nutrition Education Program In South Dakota, Mary J. Fleming

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The purposes of this study were to evaluate the general status of the program assistants in EFNEP in South Dakota and to recommend directions for improvement and revision in initial and in-service training programs designed for them.

Gonadal Hormone Levels Prior To And Following Puberty In Straightbred And Crossbred Beef Heifers, Walter Ronald Parker

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Five heifers from each of four breed groups (Angus x Angus, Charolais x Charolais and the two reciprocal crosses) were used in a study of gonadal hormone levels during the interval from 16 weeks before puberty to puberty (trial I). Puberty was defined as the first standing estrus. Two heifer calves from dams from each of the above breed groups and sired by a single Polled Hereford bull were used in a study of gonadal hormone levels from birth to weaning (trial II). Blood samples were collected at weekly intervals from trial I heifers before puberty and three times weekly …

Color And Light Intensity Preferences Of Four Species Of Alate Cereal Aphids, Donald A. Dickmann

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Color and light intensity preferences of 4 species of alate cereal aphids, the English grain aphid, Macrosiphum avenae (Fab.); oat bird-cherry aphid, Rhopalosiphum padi (L.); corn leaf aphid, R. maidis (Fitch); greenbug, Schizaphis graminum (Rondani); were tested under controlled conditions. No significant differences in color response were found between post-teneral (flight-active) and flight-exhausted alates of any species. Macrosiphum avenae, R. maidis, and S. graminum showed a distinct preference for yellow; R. padi usually preferred green. Alates of all species preferred high light intensities to low within the range tested (350-3500 ft-c). Preferred colors (yellow and green) were more important than …

The Effects Of Gestation Metabolizable Energy Levels On Sow Productivity And Hematology, George W. Libal

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

It has been estimated that of the potential ova shed by the sow on1y about 55% result in live pigs born. Reproductive inefficiency can occur as a result of oversupplying or undersupplying energy. Since 1959, the National Research Council has reduced its listed energy requirements for the gravid sow considerably. The studies reported herein were conducted to evaluate metabolizable energy (ME) levels for gestating sows at and below the recommended levels and measure their effect on sow productivity as well as sow hematology at various stages of reproduction. Two experiments, each consisting of three trials, were conducted. Experiment 1, two …

Pine Needle (Pinus Ponderosa) Abortive Factor And Its Biological Determination, Carolyn A. Cogswell

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

A study was conducted to develop a reliable method to measure presence and quantity of the toxic factor in ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) needles that interferes with normal maintenance of pregnancy in cattle. Special emphasis was given to biological assay sensitivity during embryo implantation and gestation in laboratory animals. The detrimental component was found to be present in both aqueous and acetone fractions prepared from ponderosa pine needles. There was a reduction in average rat litter size from bred rats fed either the aqueous or acetone pine needle extracts throughout pregnancy. Rats fed pine needle extracts from the winter pine …

The Decompostion Of Organic Matter In Two Midgrass Prairies In Western South Dakota, Venance H. Lengkeek

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

All ecosystems have two basic biological components. One component is the autotrophic organisms which fix energy from the sun and use inorganic substances to create food. The other is the heterotrophic organisms which utilize the stored food of the autotrophs, rearrange it, and finally decompose the complex materials into simple inorganic compounds. The autotrophs, which are predominantly green plants, grow wherever the most sunlight is available, heterotrophs predominate wherever organic matter accumulates, primarily in the upper layer of the soil. Heterotrophs consist of consumers which feed on green plants and other organisms. Decomposers, chiefly bacteria and fungi that break down …