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Articles 391 - 420 of 11655
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
Unraveling The Enigma Of Classification Of Synthetic And Genuine Information Using Machine Learning And Explainable Ai, Vishnu S. Pendyala
Unraveling The Enigma Of Classification Of Synthetic And Genuine Information Using Machine Learning And Explainable Ai, Vishnu S. Pendyala
Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity
There is a preponderance of AI-generated text everywhere today. Literature shows that there has been considerable success in detecting such text. This paper uses explainable AI (XAI) techniques to get insights into the workings of the machine learning models used to classify synthetic text. In detecting such text, this work analyzes synthetic and genuine information from visualization and explainability perspectives. The text is converted into vector embeddings using Robustly Optimized BERT Pretraining Approach (RoBERTa). Variational Autoencoders (VAEs) are used for visualization and Support Vector Machine (SVM) is used for classification. Local Interpretable Model-Agnostic Explanations (LIME), SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP), and …
Large Language Models For Quantitative Analysis Of Statutory Stringency And Its Correlation With Sexual Assault Crime Rates, Samhita Konduri, Vishnu S. Pendyala
Large Language Models For Quantitative Analysis Of Statutory Stringency And Its Correlation With Sexual Assault Crime Rates, Samhita Konduri, Vishnu S. Pendyala
Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity
Sexual assault (SA) crimes are among the most important issues for our current society to solve, with these crimes in particular having long-term consequences on victims and their communities. To solve this issue, one approach is to make laws and penalties for these crimes stricter. However, there have not been any studies on the relationship between stricter penalties and lower crime rates, especially about SA crimes, in a quantitative manner. The biggest barrier to conducting a quantitative study on the strictness of laws and statutes is the lack of a standardized measure of how strict a legal text is. This …
Lse-Net: Integrated Segmentation And Ensemble Deep Learning For Enhanced Lung Disease Classification, Bhavan Kumar Basavaraju, Mohammad Masum
Lse-Net: Integrated Segmentation And Ensemble Deep Learning For Enhanced Lung Disease Classification, Bhavan Kumar Basavaraju, Mohammad Masum
Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity
Accurate classification of lung diseases is vital for timely diagnosis and effective treatment of respiratory conditions such as COPD, pneumonia, asthma, and lung cancer. Traditional diagnostic approaches often suffer from limited consistency and elevated false-positive rates, highlighting the demand for more dependable automated systems. To address this challenge, we introduce LSE-Net, an end-to-end deep learning framework that combines precise lung segmentation using an optimized U-Net++ with robust classification powered by an ensemble of DenseNet121 and ResNet50. Leveraging structured hyperparameter tuning and patient-level evaluation, LSE-Net achieves 92.7% accuracy, 96.7% recall, and an F1-score of 94.0%, along with improved segmentation performance (DSC …
On The Application Of Long Short-Term Memory Neural Network For Daily Forecasting Of Pm2.5 In Dakar, Senegal (West Africa), Ahmed Gueye, Serigne Abdoul Aziz Niang, Ismaila Diallo, Mamadou Simina Dramé, Moussa Diallo, Ali Ahmat Younous
On The Application Of Long Short-Term Memory Neural Network For Daily Forecasting Of Pm2.5 In Dakar, Senegal (West Africa), Ahmed Gueye, Serigne Abdoul Aziz Niang, Ismaila Diallo, Mamadou Simina Dramé, Moussa Diallo, Ali Ahmat Younous
Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity
This study aims to optimize daily forecasts of the PM2.5 concentrations in Dakar, Senegal using a long short-term memory (LSTM) neural network model. Particulate matter, aggravated by factors such as dust, traffic, and industrialization, poses a serious threat to public health, especially in developing countries. Existing models such as the Autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) have limitations in capturing nonlinear relationships and complex dynamics in environmental data. Using four years of daily data collected at the Bel Air station, this study shows that the LSTM neural network model provides more accurate forecasts with a root mean square error (RMSE) of …
In Vitro Comparison Of Two Python-Based Programs For The Automated Analysis Of Tight-Junction Phenotype In Brain Endothelium During Bacterial Infection, Henry D. Mauser, Janessa Caroza, Shane Nicole Homez, Alyssa S. Arnett, William D. Cutts, Daryl W. Lam, Justin Thornton, Walter Adams, Brandon J. Kim
In Vitro Comparison Of Two Python-Based Programs For The Automated Analysis Of Tight-Junction Phenotype In Brain Endothelium During Bacterial Infection, Henry D. Mauser, Janessa Caroza, Shane Nicole Homez, Alyssa S. Arnett, William D. Cutts, Daryl W. Lam, Justin Thornton, Walter Adams, Brandon J. Kim
Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity
Tight junction complexes are crucial features of brain endothelial cells, as they restrict the paracellular route across the blood–brain barrier. Tight junction disruption has been observed in conjunction with numerous diseases of the CNS. In such cases, the organization or integrity of cell–cell junctions may be analyzed with a variety of automated computer programs that quantitatively assess junction images. Here, we directly compare two previously developed python-based programs—JAnaP and IJOQ— for the semi- or fully automated analysis of tight junctions in human stem cell-derived brain-like endothelial cells. Cells were infected with S. pneumoniae and S. agalactiae to initiate junction disruption, …
Variability In Undergraduate Academic Stress: The Role Of Ethnicity, Early Adverse Family Experiences, And Psychological Distress, Teresa Mejia, Elana B. Gordis, Mitch Earleywine, Li Shen Chong
Variability In Undergraduate Academic Stress: The Role Of Ethnicity, Early Adverse Family Experiences, And Psychological Distress, Teresa Mejia, Elana B. Gordis, Mitch Earleywine, Li Shen Chong
Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity
Early adverse family experiences (e.g., abuse, neglect, and family conflict) can create vulnerabilities that can alter the association between psychological distress and academic stress, particularly for some ethnic groups. This study examined whether the link between psychological distress and academic stress varies in the presence of early adverse family experiences across ethnic groups. Participants (N = 284, 38.4% male, 59.5% female, 1% non-binary, and 0.7% transgender, 56.5% European American, 15.6% African American, 12.6% Hispanic and Latino, 8.5% Asian, 6.8% Mixed/Biracial) self-reported psychological distress, early adverse family experiences, and perception of academic stress. Regression analyses revealed a three-way interaction between adverse …
Getting Boxed In: How Race And Gang Labeling Shape Solitary Confinement Use, Rebecca Tublitz, Keramet Reiter, Dallas Augustine, Melissa Barragan, Kelsie Chesnut, Gabriela Gonzalez, Natalie Pifer, Justin Strong
Getting Boxed In: How Race And Gang Labeling Shape Solitary Confinement Use, Rebecca Tublitz, Keramet Reiter, Dallas Augustine, Melissa Barragan, Kelsie Chesnut, Gabriela Gonzalez, Natalie Pifer, Justin Strong
Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity
Restrictive housing imposes isolation in austere conditions on people who commit serious rule violations or are too dangerous (or endangered) to house in the general prison population. We contribute to a growing body of scholarship analyzing restrictive housing placements, asking how gang membership, race/ethnicity, and misconduct interact to predict placement and lengths of stay. We integrate analysis of qualitative interviews with a random sample of 106 people in long-term solitary confinement in 2017 with analysis of 15 years of administrative data, both from Washington state prisons. We find that official gang labels “stick” to people, amplifying their risk of solitary …
The Case Against Police Militarization: Stop Turning Police Into Soldiers, Kenia A. Silva Garcia
The Case Against Police Militarization: Stop Turning Police Into Soldiers, Kenia A. Silva Garcia
Themis: Research Journal of Justice Studies and Forensic Science
This paper will critically explore police militarization in the United States, highlighting its origins, implications, and the urgent need to demilitarize them. The rise of militarized police forces began in the 1960s—the War on Drugs and federal programs that allowed military equipment to be transferred to local police departments made their expansion even more possible. Due to this expansion, this paper discusses that police should not be militarized because it increases violence, disproportionately affects marginalized communities, particularly racial minorities, and ultimately fails to reduce crime. Evidence suggests that militarized police forces foster systemic inequalities that are rooted in historical racism—a …
Prisoner Reentry Into Society Viewed Through The Lens Of Women, Jalak Parekh
Prisoner Reentry Into Society Viewed Through The Lens Of Women, Jalak Parekh
Themis: Research Journal of Justice Studies and Forensic Science
In the 1970s, President Richard Nixon declared a War on Drugs and initiated a series of policies that were intended to combat the use of illegal drugs by implementing severe sentences for drug-related crimes. As a result, the focus of the criminal justice system veered away from rehabilitation efforts. Today, the U.S. criminal justice system has considerably high rates of recidivism. This paper examines the importance of successful reentry into society for formerly incarcerated women, especially those who must resume a caregiver role to their children. However, a relapse into criminal behavior seems imminent due to societal barriers in obtaining …
Incorporating Specialized Courses On The Prevention Of Sexual Misconduct In Policing Academies, Nina Nguyen
Incorporating Specialized Courses On The Prevention Of Sexual Misconduct In Policing Academies, Nina Nguyen
Themis: Research Journal of Justice Studies and Forensic Science
A major problem within law enforcement is police sexual misconduct (PSM), where law enforcement officers commit sexual offenses while using the power of their position. Bonds of loyalty and trust between fellow officers are strong enough that offenders have no worries about being reported, even if they are caught. Studies have shown that most offending officers were new to the field or recently completed their training at a policing academy. Since many of the officers committing PSM were fresh out of their training, it indicates that the academy is not training its recruits properly on topics of sexual assault and …
Detection Canines: An Insight Into Investigative Working Dogs, Adriana Pliego
Detection Canines: An Insight Into Investigative Working Dogs, Adriana Pliego
Themis: Research Journal of Justice Studies and Forensic Science
In a comprehensive exploration of detection canines, this paper aims to research the depth of their utilization by many investigative agencies and fields. A relevant case is discussed to present the application of detection canines and how they are useful for investigative measures. Shedding light into the various components of detection canines, this paper will discuss desirable canine characteristics that are sought out. On the other hand, undesirable characteristics are also discussed to inform recruiters of which attributes they should opt out of. This paper continues to discuss the roles and capabilities of detection canines given their unique potential. Then, …
The Role Of Criminology In The Courtroom, Nia Mehroke
The Role Of Criminology In The Courtroom, Nia Mehroke
Themis: Research Journal of Justice Studies and Forensic Science
Criminology and expert witness testimony play a crucial role in modern-day court proceedings. Scientific data and insights utilized in criminology can assist with seeking justice and fairness. This essay aims to provide a basis for the history of criminology and define the practice. It will explore the evolution of criminology practices and how theories have developed that are still utilized today. Furthermore, it will discuss criminologists’ many contributions as expert witnesses, including the role of ethics that criminologists must follow in court. Some key ideas presented include the methodologies criminologists use to present evidence and what standard criminologists must follow …
Comparative Analysis Of Forensic Science Systems: Scotland Vs. America, Alec Noland
Comparative Analysis Of Forensic Science Systems: Scotland Vs. America, Alec Noland
Themis: Research Journal of Justice Studies and Forensic Science
Forensic science plays an important role in the justice system of both the United States and Scotland, but the structure, application, and effectiveness differ significantly. This research paper presents a comparative analysis of forensic science in two different legal and institutional contexts, examining differences between the two forensic science systems. This includes forensic laboratories and services, education and training, policing, court procedures, legal framework, and crime scene investigation. The analysis highlights significant differences such as Scotland’s centralized system versus America’s decentralized system, which impacts resource allocation and standardization for forensic science. Despite major differences, both countries emphasize scientific reliability, standardized …
The Silent Killer In Women's Prisons, Samantha Boman
The Silent Killer In Women's Prisons, Samantha Boman
Themis: Research Journal of Justice Studies and Forensic Science
If present in the body for an extended period, the human papillomavirus (HPV) can cause aberrant cells to develop in the cervix. Left undetected, these abnormalities can manifest into cancer. Incarcerated women are among the highest demographic to be diagnosed with cervical cancer - diagnoses that could be averted through HPV vaccinations, regular cervical cancer screenings, Pap smears, and comprehensive sexual education. The lack of these preventative measures points to an insufficiency of reproductive healthcare within women’s prisons. In its early stages, cervical cancer is asymptomatic. Once symptoms appear, damage to the body is irreparable. The absence of symptoms before …
Identity And The Russian-Ukrainian War: Evidence From The American Community Survey, Matthew Holian, Oleh Wolowyna
Identity And The Russian-Ukrainian War: Evidence From The American Community Survey, Matthew Holian, Oleh Wolowyna
Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity
The Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022 led to significant changes in ethnic identity and language preferences among U.S. residents. We observe an 18.9% increase in U.S.-born individuals identifying as ethnic Ukrainian from 2021 to 2022 and a 6.8% decrease for U.S.-born ethnic Russians, which cannot be attributed to prior trends or sampling variation. The changes among Ukrainians were more pronounced among college graduates and those living in Democratic-leaning counties. We document an increase in the use of the Ukrainian language among Ukrainian immigrants, which cannot be explained by prior trends or immigration patterns. We test for labor market discrimination, …
Ischool Student Research Journal, Vol. 15, Iss. 1
Ischool Student Research Journal, Vol. 15, Iss. 1
School of Information Student Research Journal
No abstract provided.
International Perspectives On Research Data Management Services In Academic Libraries, Chris Reynolds, Kayla Richards
International Perspectives On Research Data Management Services In Academic Libraries, Chris Reynolds, Kayla Richards
School of Information Student Research Journal
The information landscape in academic libraries is undergoing a massive fundamental shift, from scarcity to abundance aided by changes in technology. One such change is the development of research data management (RDM) and their related services. Research data management services (RDMS) allow libraries to aid in “creating, finding, organizing, storing, sharing and preserving data within any research process” (Cox & Verbaan, 2018). Our research seeks to understand where RDMS is currently at on the global stage. Are international institutions currently developing RDM services? What is needed for successful implementation? And are there any considerable challenges? Through a comprehensive literature review, …
Using Video Education To Improve Patient Knowledge Of Cellular Therapy Side Effects: Cytokine Release Syndrome, Neurological Toxicities, & Prolonged Pancytopenia, Leslie Bennett
Doctoral Projects
This project evaluated the effectiveness of short educational videos on CAR T-cell therapy, cytokine release syndrome, neurological toxicities, and prolonged pancytopenia for blood cancer patients. At Stanford Health Care in California, in the ambulatory clinic of Blood and Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy (BMT-CT), we obtained a convenience sample of individuals with multiple myeloma or lymphoma preparing for CAR T-cell therapy. A pre-and post-questionnaire assessed the patients' knowledge of CAR T-cell therapy and its side effects. Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were used to determine changes in knowledge. Thirteen patients enrolled, eight completed post-surveys, and four watched the videos. The median knowledge …
Spartan Daily, May 8, 2025, San Jose State University, School Of Journalism And Mass Communications
Spartan Daily, May 8, 2025, San Jose State University, School Of Journalism And Mass Communications
Spartan Daily, 2025
Volume 164, Issue 43
Telegroup Parent Behavior Management Training For Disruptive Behavior: Mixed-Methods Comparison Of Effectiveness And Engagement For White And Bipoc Caregivers, Li Shen Chong, Nicole B. Groves, Erin S. Gonzalez
Telegroup Parent Behavior Management Training For Disruptive Behavior: Mixed-Methods Comparison Of Effectiveness And Engagement For White And Bipoc Caregivers, Li Shen Chong, Nicole B. Groves, Erin S. Gonzalez
Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity
Background: Parent Behavior Management Training (PBMT) is the first-line psychosocial intervention for child disruptive behavior, though research documents disparities in PBMT engagement and effectiveness between Black, Indigenous, and People of Color (BIPOC) and White families. Objective: This study aimed to quantitatively compare clinical outcomes and satisfaction ratings of telegroup PBMT and qualitatively identify themes related to engagement and challenges among White and BIPOC caregivers. Method: Data from 177 caregivers (78% White; 22% BIPOC) of children aged 5 to 12 referred for treatment of disruptive behavior and/or ADHD were collected as part of measurement-based care (MBC) before and after participation in …
Spartan Daily, May 7, 2025, San Jose State University, School Of Journalism And Mass Communications
Spartan Daily, May 7, 2025, San Jose State University, School Of Journalism And Mass Communications
Spartan Daily, 2025
Volume 164, Issue 42
Implementation Of An Evidence-Based Hearing Education Project For Patients And Their Care Partners, Jennifer Mahoney
Implementation Of An Evidence-Based Hearing Education Project For Patients And Their Care Partners, Jennifer Mahoney
Doctoral Projects
Hearing loss is a significant communication issue that impacts relationships, safety, and mental and physical health. There is an increased risk of dementia as well as increased mortality associated with untreated hearing loss. Hearing aids are one of the main treatments for hearing loss, but they are frequently not used. Cognitive impairment, osteoarthritis of the hands, cost and complexity are some of the reasons that hearing aids do not get utilized. But research has shown that involving family members and care partners in trainings on how to use hearing aids may increase use of them. The goal of this project …
Spartan Daily, May 6, 2025, San Jose State University, School Of Journalism And Mass Communications
Spartan Daily, May 6, 2025, San Jose State University, School Of Journalism And Mass Communications
Spartan Daily, 2025
Volume 164, Issue 41
A Four-Year Longitudinal Study Of Effectiveness Of Evidence-Based Bundle Practices For Preventing Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infections In An Academic Health Care Center, May Mei-Sheng Riley
A Four-Year Longitudinal Study Of Effectiveness Of Evidence-Based Bundle Practices For Preventing Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infections In An Academic Health Care Center, May Mei-Sheng Riley
Doctoral Projects
Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) significantly contribute to morbidity, prolonged hospitalization, and elevated healthcare costs, underscoring the crucial need for prevention to ensure patient safety. Despite ongoing mitigation efforts, CAUTI prevalence remained a concern in our facility at the time of this study. Catheter insertion and maintenance bundles, a recognized framework utilizing teamwork, collaboration, and focused interventions, were implemented to reduce CAUTIs and improve patient safety. This study evaluated the effectiveness of these bundles in reducing CAUTIs and catheter utilization to identify best practices for enhanced catheter management and care quality.
Improving Communication And Job Satisfaction: Utilizing Team Strategies And Tools To Enhance Performance And Patient Safety (Teamstepps) For Interventional Service Areas, Sukhbinder Kaur Sangha
Improving Communication And Job Satisfaction: Utilizing Team Strategies And Tools To Enhance Performance And Patient Safety (Teamstepps) For Interventional Service Areas, Sukhbinder Kaur Sangha
Doctoral Projects
Purpose: Improved communication and job satisfaction among staff are essential for those working in high-stress critical care environments like the cardiac catheterization laboratory (Cath Lab). The purpose of this investigation was to utilize the quality improvement initiative Team Strategies and Tools to Enhance Performance and Patient Safety (TeamSTEPPS) to improve attitudes and job satisfaction in the Cath Lab. Method: A total of 30 subjects participated in a TeamSTEPPS educational intervention. After obtaining informed consent, a demographic survey, a pre- and post-test TeamSTEPPS Teamwork Attitudes Questionnaire (T-TAQ) and Job Satisfaction Survey (JSS) were administered. The post-test included open-ended questions for feedback …
Spartan Daily, May 1, 2025, San Jose State University, School Of Journalism And Mass Communications
Spartan Daily, May 1, 2025, San Jose State University, School Of Journalism And Mass Communications
Spartan Daily, 2025
Volume 164, Issue 40
A Comprehensive Study Of Impacts Of “Q” Bus Rapid Transit System On Blackstone Avenue, Yertai Tanai, Kamil Ciftci
A Comprehensive Study Of Impacts Of “Q” Bus Rapid Transit System On Blackstone Avenue, Yertai Tanai, Kamil Ciftci
Mineta Transportation Institute
This study examines the dual impact of the Fresno Area Express (FAX) Q Line, a 15.7-mile Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) system launched in 2018, on the Fresno housing market and passenger satisfaction. The Q Line, designed to modernize public transit, features eco-friendly compressed natural gas (CNG) vehicles, real-time passenger information, and improved service efficiency. Housing market analysis focused on residential properties sold between 2012 and 2024, utilizing Geographic Information System(GIS) mapping to segment properties into three regions: the Q Line corridor, an outer buffer zone, and the rest of Fresno. Results indicate no statistically significant increase in property values within …
Finding Bert Errors By Clustering Activation Vectors, William B. Andreopoulos, Dominic Lopez, Carlos Rojas, Vedashree P. Bhandare
Finding Bert Errors By Clustering Activation Vectors, William B. Andreopoulos, Dominic Lopez, Carlos Rojas, Vedashree P. Bhandare
Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity
The non-linear nature of deep neural networks makes it difficult to interpret the reason behind their output, thus reducing verifiability of the system where these models are applied. Understanding the patterns between activation vectors and predictions could give insight as to erroneous classifications and how to identify them. This paper explains a systematic approach to identifying the clusters with the most misclassifications or false label annotations. For this research, we extracted the activation vectors from a deep learning model, DNABERT, and visualized them using t-SNE to decode the reason behind the results that are produced. We applied K-means in a …
Temporal Reversibility Of Reactive Systems Out Of Equilibrium: Molecular Dynamics Simulation, O. Politano, Alejandro L. Garcia, F. Baras, M. Malek Mansour
Temporal Reversibility Of Reactive Systems Out Of Equilibrium: Molecular Dynamics Simulation, O. Politano, Alejandro L. Garcia, F. Baras, M. Malek Mansour
Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity
The second law of thermodynamics states that entropy production in macroscopic systems is non-negative, reaching zero only at thermodynamic equilibrium. As a corollary, this implies that the state trajectory of macroscopic systems is inherently time-irreversible under out-of-equilibrium conditions. However, over the past half-century, various studies have shown that this principle does not universally apply to the composition sample paths of certain isothermal reactive systems. Theoretical frameworks leading to this surprising observation primarily focus on perfectly homogeneous systems (often referred to as zero-dimensional systems), which inherently exclude the effects of local fluctuations. This oversimplification may account for the paradoxical theoretical predictions. …
Energetic Cost Of Human Disturbance On The Southern Sea Otter (Enhydra Lutris Nereis), Heather E. Barrett, M. Tim Tinker, Gena Bentall, Birgitte I. Mcdonald
Energetic Cost Of Human Disturbance On The Southern Sea Otter (Enhydra Lutris Nereis), Heather E. Barrett, M. Tim Tinker, Gena Bentall, Birgitte I. Mcdonald
Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity
With increased human populations and tourism in coastal areas, there is greater potential for disturbance of marine wildlife. Because of their high metabolic rates, sea otters (Enhydra lutris) are at particular risk of increased energetic costs due to human disturbance. We used scan surveys to monitor southern sea otter (E. l. nereis) activity and potential disturbance stimuli over 5 years (2015–2020) at 3 California, USA, study sites: Monterey, Moss Landing, and Morro Bay. We developed a process-based, hierarchical model of sea otter behavior, which we fit to survey data to examine how activity varies in response to the occurrence of …