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The Use Of Subjective And Objective Methods Of Behavioral Evaluation In Swine And Dairy Cattle, Blaine Lee Novak
The Use Of Subjective And Objective Methods Of Behavioral Evaluation In Swine And Dairy Cattle, Blaine Lee Novak
Animal Sciences
The objectives of the studies described in this thesis were to quantify livestock behavior and improve animal wellbeing. Subjective and objective evaluation methods can be used as an estimation parameter of animal welfare. The first study used behavioral methods to evaluate the analgesic effects of a pharmaceutical drug in lame dairy cattle. Lameness pain was evaluated by measuring weight shifting, locomotion score, and visual analog scale score. Correlation analysis of the three methods determined cohesion among subjective methods. The second study measured the behavioral effects of ramp exposure during the nursery period of swine development. Loading can be a stressful …
The Applicability Of Physiology For Conservation And Management Purposes: A Case-Study Using The Breeding Season Of The Red-Winged Blackbird (Agelaius Phoeniceus), Jessica Mahoney
Environmental and Conservation Sciences
Physiology has the potential to play a unique and important role in conservation and management practices by helping identify the mechanistic responses of populations to environmental changes, and providing physiological tools and knowledge that can be applied to help solve conservation and environmental problems. It has previously been unclear, however, if the increase of physiology in conservation and management literature has translated into the application of physiological tools and knowledge into conservation and management plans. There were two purposes of this disquisition: 1) analyze how physiological tools have been integrated into applied conservation by reviewing USFWS endangered species recovery plans, …
Natural Flavors: Rhetorical Stories Of Food Labels, Rebecca West
Natural Flavors: Rhetorical Stories Of Food Labels, Rebecca West
English
What is in our food? What can food labels tell us about what is in our food? This dissertation applies rhetoric in the everyday human act of reading food labels and making decisions about what to eat based on those labels. Rhetoric is continually operating from the beginning of the food manufacturing process, to designing and writing food labels and packaging, and finally to the consumer reading the label in the store. “Natural flavors” is an ingredient listing that appears more frequently on food labels, especially in the organic and natural foods industries. I collected food labels and used qualitative …
Big Body: A Collaborative Platform For Bodybuilding And Nutrition, Amit Arora
Big Body: A Collaborative Platform For Bodybuilding And Nutrition, Amit Arora
Computer Science
Health and a supple body has been seen as a prized possession by almost every culture. Witnessing our body grow and come alive with health after months of hard work is an unparalleled feeling. Bodybuilding tends to improve our self confidence immensely. The paper describes the software that I have built to bring the relevant information needed to build an attractive and healthy body. It describes an online store application built using PHP-MySQL that provides supplements for bodybuilding for different body types. A customer can browse products, chat online with customer representatives and write reviews for the products. Customers can …
Attachment And Biofilm Formation Of Foodborne Pathogens, Sara Jean Smith
Attachment And Biofilm Formation Of Foodborne Pathogens, Sara Jean Smith
Microbiological Sciences
Outbreaks of Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella, and Escherichia coli are increasingly attributed to fresh produce. Current control measures have been assessed for decades, with no alternatives adopted. Sources were identified, reducing flhD transcription and biofilm amounts nearly 2-fold. β-phenylethylamine (PEA), reduced growth and biofilm 96% and 70%, respectively. Curli production was assessed and found to be microorganism-, strain-, and/or serotype-dependent. Reporter fusions were constructed, evaluating expression of Listeria cellulose protein (Lcp). Plcp was not impacted by conditions used. Conditions were then used in attachment of L. monocytogenes to stainless steel. Attachment was significantly reduced by 5 ppm chlorine and 2% lysate. …
Environmental Components Of Phenotypic Variation Dietary And Trans-Generational Effects On Behavior, Courtney Garrison
Environmental Components Of Phenotypic Variation Dietary And Trans-Generational Effects On Behavior, Courtney Garrison
Biological Sciences
Phenotypic variation, or the total variation in a trait, and its components are of great importance in the fields of evolutionary and behavioral ecology. Phenotypic variation can be broken down into both environmental and genetic influences on that particular trait. However, due to an increasing trend of quantitative genetics in behavioral studies, researchers have begun to consider lesser studied components of phenotypic variation in addition to the commonly studied direct environmental and genetic influences. Some of these lesser studied components include maternal and paternal effects, or the effect that parental phenotype has on their offspring’s phenotype. In Chapter 1, I …
Eat To Reproduce: The Role Of Diet Quantity On Honey Bee (Apis Mellifera) Caste Determination, Garett Slater
Eat To Reproduce: The Role Of Diet Quantity On Honey Bee (Apis Mellifera) Caste Determination, Garett Slater
Biological Sciences
The received wisdom is that diet quality drives this queen-worker dichotomy, even though diet quantity differs significantly between queen and worker diet. Diet quantity likely determines honey bee caste; yet it has never been explicated tested. In this paper, we tested the hypothesis of diet quantity induced caste determination by; first, determine the ubiquity of quantity induced caste systems among highly-related taxa; second, determining the relative contributions of diet quantity vs. diet quality on adult caste in honey bees; and third, determine the influence of diet quantity on important cellular and physiological pathways known during caste determination. I found that: …
Understanding The Role Of Uterine Blood Flow On Offspring Development And Meat Quality In Swine, Briana Lynn Ferguson
Understanding The Role Of Uterine Blood Flow On Offspring Development And Meat Quality In Swine, Briana Lynn Ferguson
Animal Sciences
Piglets that are born with low viability have increased mortality during early life, result in increased labor by personnel and potential animal welfare concerns. Producers focused on improving ovulation rates with the outcome of increased number of piglets with the average of piglets born increasing from 8.0 pigs/litter/sow to 10.3 pigs/litter/sow (NASS, 2016). This may not be advantageous, as number of piglets born per litter increased the weight of each piglet decreased. It is hypothesized this is due to decreased uterine blood flow available per piglet in larger litters, resulting in lower viability piglets at birth. Two studies with the …
Disseminating Agriculture Information Using The Bbq Boot Camp Model, Austen John Germolus
Disseminating Agriculture Information Using The Bbq Boot Camp Model, Austen John Germolus
Animal Sciences
The BBQ Boot Camp program was designed to educate consumers about agriculture production and sustainability, while teaching outdoor cooking methods with meat as the focus. Through the BBQ Boot Camp model, consumer impact was analyzed using a pre- and post-program test. The test questions focused on outdoor cooking, agriculture practices, and food safety issues. Data were collected from 3,112 attendees from 31 BBQ Boot Camps in 2009–2013. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure in SAS with fixed effects of year, time, age, sex, and city size (1=population>15k; 2=population between 2.5k-15k; and 3=population<2.5k) and all two-way interactions were tested and removed from the model if P>0.1. Consumer demographics included men and …2.5k)>
The Effects Of Feeding Seaweed Extract In The Diet Of Swine On Gut Health, Performance, Carcass Characteristics, And Pork Quality, Rosemarie Somers
The Effects Of Feeding Seaweed Extract In The Diet Of Swine On Gut Health, Performance, Carcass Characteristics, And Pork Quality, Rosemarie Somers
Animal Sciences
Consumers are concerned about antibiotic and ractopamine usage; therefore, alternatives need to be found. Objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of using seaweed as an alternative feed supplement and comparing performance, carcass, pork quality, and immune traits in pigs fed seaweed, control, and ractopamine diets. Pigs were allocated to one of three treatments (CON, SWE, RAC) at weaning (n = 40/treatment). Pigs were weighed every two weeks. Carcass characteristics, pork quality, and immune data were collected post-mortem. No differences were found between treatments for feed intake, growth, or feed efficiency. Pigs on RAC treatment had greater hot …
Rust Resistance In The Guatemalan Climbing Bean Germplasm Collection, Luz De Maria Albertina Montejo Domínguez
Rust Resistance In The Guatemalan Climbing Bean Germplasm Collection, Luz De Maria Albertina Montejo Domínguez
Plant Sciences
Common bean is the main source of protein, fiber, and iron for Guatemalan's poorest households; however, bean rust can cause up to 100% yield losses. There is limited information about bean rust in Guatemala, especially at mid-altitude highlands. During 2015, 23 bean rust samples were collected in the Western Guatemalan Highlands and 17 isolates where characterized, as a result, races 63-1 and 31-1 were identified. Those were used to evaluate rust resistance by using 372 Guatemalan climbing beans. In total, 82% of accessions were resistant to race 63-1, 86% to race 31-1, and 90% to race 20-3. Based on GWAS …
Genetic Analysis Of Frost Tolerance In Rapeseed/Canola (Brassica Napus L.), Danielle Fiebelkorn Wrucke
Genetic Analysis Of Frost Tolerance In Rapeseed/Canola (Brassica Napus L.), Danielle Fiebelkorn Wrucke
Plant Sciences
Frost can be detrimental to canola (Brassica napus L.) production. Depending on the severity, the entire field can be killed. Having frost tolerance in canola would benefit growers by allowing them to plant early, utilize early season moisture, and avoid high heat during flowering. However, frost tolerance in canola has not been well studied. A protocol was developed that determined 14 day old seedlings should be acclimated at 4°C for 7 days before being exposed to overnight frost (-4°C) in a small freezing chamber. However, when a larger chamber was used for freezing, the protocol was optimized to -8°C instead. …
Genetic Diversity Of The Guatemalan Climbing Bean Collections, Maria Gabriela Tobar Pinon
Genetic Diversity Of The Guatemalan Climbing Bean Collections, Maria Gabriela Tobar Pinon
Plant Sciences
Since common bean is the most important legume crop for human consumption around the world, bean breeders are challenged to increase production of beans while facing new problems like climate change. Guatemalan climbing beans have been suggested to represent race Guatemala, a newly identified race in the Middle American gene pool that may represent an untapped source of alleles for bean improvement. This study confirmed the existence of race Guatemala in the Middle American gene pool and its differentiation from other races. The low population structure found within these Guatemalan beans also makes this population ideal for discovery of candidate …
Distillers Byproduct Compared To Other Nitrogen Sources As A Fertilizer For Corn, Elizabeth Anne Lovering
Distillers Byproduct Compared To Other Nitrogen Sources As A Fertilizer For Corn, Elizabeth Anne Lovering
Plant Sciences
Corn (Zea mays L.) based ethanol and associated byproducts like wet (WDG) production has increased over the past decade. Research was conducted in five environments in North Dakota to determine the nitrogen (N) fertilization value of WDG compared to five other N fertilizer sources. In fertilizer responsive sites, 25% more WDG were required based on N equivalent than other N sources to obtain a similar yield and grain protein when applied in the spring. Effectiveness of WDG were reduced when applied to no-tilled corn. Utilizing WDG as a nitrogen source is not economical at the current product prices of WDG …
Identification And Introgression Of Novel Genes For Stem Rust Ug99 Resistance From Relative Species Of Wheat, Baljeet K. Gill
Identification And Introgression Of Novel Genes For Stem Rust Ug99 Resistance From Relative Species Of Wheat, Baljeet K. Gill
Plant Sciences
Wheat stem rust, caused by Puccinia graminis Pers.: Pers f. sp. tritici Eriks. & E. Henn. (Pgt), is a destructive disease that can cause severe yield losses in wheat. A new Pgt race Ug99 (TTKSK), which was first identified in Uganda in 1998, has overcome many important stem rust resistance (Sr) genes. There is an ongoing world-wide need to identify new and effective resources of resistance. The objectives of this study were to transfer the Ug99-effective Sr genes from wheat-grass species Thinopyrum junceum to hexaploid wheat through chromosome engineering and to identify and map new Sr genes from tetraploid wheat …
Delayed Harvest Affects Quality Of Durum Wheat, Patricia Alejandra Cabas-Lühmann
Delayed Harvest Affects Quality Of Durum Wheat, Patricia Alejandra Cabas-Lühmann
Plant Sciences
Harvest can be delayed for many reasons. This research was conducted to determine the effect of delayed harvest on grain and semolina quality of durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. ssp. durum [Desf.] Husn.). Twelve durum cultivars were planted in eight-row plots with four replicates at three environments. Two rows were harvested at four harvest times that were spaced about one week apart. The trend for all cultivars was for an increase in percent of large kernels, kernel brightness, 1000-kernel weight, and semolina gluten index with delayed harvest, while grain yield, test weight, kernel vitreousness, falling number, grain yellow pigment, and …
Mechanical And Physical Properties Of Biodegradable Wheat Bran, Maize Bran, And Dried Distillers Grain Arabinoxylan Films, Cassie Alexandra Palm Anderson
Mechanical And Physical Properties Of Biodegradable Wheat Bran, Maize Bran, And Dried Distillers Grain Arabinoxylan Films, Cassie Alexandra Palm Anderson
Plant Sciences
Arabinoxylans are non-starch polysaccharides in the cell walls of cereal crops including maize (Zea mays L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Arabinoxylans are produced when maize bran, dried distillers grain, and wheat bran are processed. The objective of this research was to extract arabinoxylan from cereal processing byproducts for use in biodegradable films. The arabinoxylan was extracted with dilute sodium hydroxide and purified using α-amylase and protease. In addition to arabinoxylan, these films were made with either glycerol or sorbitol as a plasticizer at levels of 100, 250 or 500 g kg-1. These films had tensile strengths as high as …
Identification Of New Sources Of Resistance To Anthracnose In Climbing Bean Germplasm From Guatemala, Carlos Raul Maldonado Mota
Identification Of New Sources Of Resistance To Anthracnose In Climbing Bean Germplasm From Guatemala, Carlos Raul Maldonado Mota
Plant Sciences
Anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (Sacc. and Magnus) Briosi and Cavara is a fungal disease that affects common bean worldwide. Seed yield loses sometimes reach 100% when the seed is infected and environmental conditions favor the disease. Climbing beans in Guatemala represent the main source of protein for the habitants of this region (9.4 kg/person/year). Unfortunately, anthracnose threatens climbing bean production in the region. Six races were found among samples collected in Guatemala Highlands using the standard common bean differential lines. Also, a germplasm collection from ICTA Guatemala was evaluated for resistance to C. lindemuthianum race 73, which is the …
Kentucky Bluegrass Growth And Performance As Affected By Salinity And Salt Composition, Liqi Yang
Kentucky Bluegrass Growth And Performance As Affected By Salinity And Salt Composition, Liqi Yang
Plant Sciences
Turfgrass growth, development, and functionality are adversely affected by high soil salinity. Most of the previous salinity tolerance research involved NaCl-induced saline conditions. However, there are regions such as California and North Dakota where the predominant cation and anion is Mg2+ and SO42-, respectively. The objective of this research was to determine the salinity tolerance of ‘Kenblue’ and ‘Moonlight’ Kentucky bluegrass as affected by NaCl, Na2SO4, MgCl2, and MgSO4 at four saline levels at early growth and vegetative stages. The results showed that shoot and root dry weight, root length, and turfgrass performance decreased with increasing salinity levels at both …
Serviceberry: Potential North Dakota Accessions For The Nursery Industry, Jorden Hinrichsen
Serviceberry: Potential North Dakota Accessions For The Nursery Industry, Jorden Hinrichsen
Plant Sciences
Saskatoon serviceberry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt.) is an ornamental Rosaceous shrub producing delicate white flowers that yield fruit similar in appearance and nutrition to blueberry (Vaccinium spp.). Most serviceberry are propagated in Canada and, as imported stocks are often expensive, clones were accessed from 70 locations in North Dakota. Following establishment, a replicated field trial of wild biotypes of serviceberry was initiated at the North Dakota State University Horticulture Research Farm (NDSU HRF) near Absaraka, ND and at the Williston Research and Extension Center (WREC) in Williston, ND. Yield data was taken upon harvest in summers 2014-2017 at NDSU HRF and …
Strategies For Weed Management In Organic Production Systems In The Northern Great Plains, Samantha Kay Hogstad
Strategies For Weed Management In Organic Production Systems In The Northern Great Plains, Samantha Kay Hogstad
Plant Sciences
Two field studies were conducted in North Dakota to explore methods to facilitate weed management in organic production systems. No-till farming is gaining popularity in conventional systems; however, organic producers often rely on tillage for weed control. We hypothesized that the addition of sheep grazing into an organic no-till annual production system with roller crimped cover crops would aid weed management. Despite the grazing treatment, the no-till system resulted in greater weed biomass and increased yield loss compared to a tilled system. Weed community composition differed between no-till and conventionally tilled treatments. A second study was conducted to explore alternatives …
Marker Assisted Backcross Selection For Virus Resistance In Pea (Pisum Sativum L.), Amy Scegura
Marker Assisted Backcross Selection For Virus Resistance In Pea (Pisum Sativum L.), Amy Scegura
Plant Sciences
Viruses are destructive plant pathogens, which cause significant yield loss and reduced grain quality. Pea Seed-borne Mosaic Virus (PSbMV) is an economically important viral disease in pea (Pisum sativum L.) and recently detected in the Northern Great Plains (NGP) in 2012. PSbMV is aphid-transmitted from plant to plant and can be seed-borne. It causes malformed leaves, discolored or split seed, and reduced size and number of seeds. Host resistance to PSbMV-P4 is conferred by a recessive gene, sbm-1. Marker assisted backcross breeding using the 4Egenomic primers previously developed assisted in transferring the single resistance allele located on LG VI from …
Genetic Studies Of Winter Hardiness In Pisum Sativum L., Courtney J. Holdt
Genetic Studies Of Winter Hardiness In Pisum Sativum L., Courtney J. Holdt
Plant Sciences
Pea (Pisum sativum L.) is valued for its high protein content and symbiotic nitrogen fixation. The use of pea as a green manure and cover crop in rotations has been increasing. Pea is grown as a winter crop but current varieties are not able to survive the harsh winter of areas like North Dakota. This study has developed a protocol to select for winter hardiness in a greenhouse setting using a freeze chamber. Selections were made after acclimating for 4 weeks and freezing to -8°C. The protocol was used on a subset of two recombinant inbred line populations, Pril-1 (‘Shawnee’/ …
Dual Effects Model Of Social Control: Extending The Model To 24-Hour Health Behavior, Michael P. Mead
Dual Effects Model Of Social Control: Extending The Model To 24-Hour Health Behavior, Michael P. Mead
Psychology
The Dual Effects Model of Social Control suggests that partners can positively and negatively influence the health behaviors of their partner. However, the model fails to consider the impact of control on non-targeted health behaviors, such as sleep. The current study sought to expand this model by including sleep continuity and duration as outcomes related to control efforts targeting diet and exercise. Partner control and objective sleep data were collected via daily sleep diaries and Fitbit Charge HR. Regression models were used to test the direct and indirect effects of control on sleep duration and continuity and the extent to …
Viscera(L): Catharsis And The Treatment Of Chronic Illness, Gretta Berens
Viscera(L): Catharsis And The Treatment Of Chronic Illness, Gretta Berens
Architecture Theses
Chronic disease represents the most extreme case of illness simply because it cannot be taken away. Irritable Bowel Disease (IBD) has remained primarily invisible from society, forcing its 5 million patients to fluctuate between hospitals and clinics in search of facility more attuned to the care they need. Taking lessons from the Greek theater and the catharsis evoked by tragedies, the architecture is designed to treat the individual with care and go beyond the over-sensitive, sterilized nature of healthcare architecture. By evoking a deeply corporal experience, the Edgewater IBD Treatment Center, in Chicago, Illinois, strives to attune inner and outer …
Healing Pathways: The Journey To Completely Healing, Nathan Eversman
Healing Pathways: The Journey To Completely Healing, Nathan Eversman
Architecture Theses
Technology has impacted the human perception of health through monumental advancements, but the process of healing has been diminished to where the sole focus of health care has become “to resolve” instead of “to heal”. “To resolve” is finding the most efficient, cost effective, short-termed solution and move on to the next customer, whereas, “to heal” means aiding in the rebalancing of an imbalance within one’s life. “To heal” is a pathway that mediates a process of healing, oriented towards a solution, but not an immediate one. The healing path created, by architectural expression, will express cultural ideologies and emphasize …
The Refuge: Enabling Transformative Healing And Educational Advancements Through The Integration Of Urban Agricultural Techniques In Detroit Lakes, Mn, Emily Schoenrock
The Refuge: Enabling Transformative Healing And Educational Advancements Through The Integration Of Urban Agricultural Techniques In Detroit Lakes, Mn, Emily Schoenrock
Landscape Architecture Theses
Current urban agriculture is comprised of a variety of typologies and each are applied in site specific ways thus creating a vast web of possibilities when trying to implement the ideology of urban farming into a new location. My thesis hinges on the assumption that urban agriculture is currently working to lessen the monetary burden of produce on the caretakers of the urban gardens. Not only can urban farming techniques lessen the monetary burden of produce they can also teach owners selfsustainability, give them a sense of ownership, and better the local ecosystems and the planet by minimizing the amount …
Low Temperature Stress In The Alfalfa Leafcutting Bee, Megachile Rotundata, Alex S. Torson
Low Temperature Stress In The Alfalfa Leafcutting Bee, Megachile Rotundata, Alex S. Torson
Biological Sciences
Dramatic changes in ambient temperature can have a significant impact on insect physiology throughout development. The accumulations of the deleterious physiological effects throughout low temperature exposure are collectively known as chill injury. The mechanisms underpinning the downstream physiological consequences of chill injury such as oxidative stress, perturbations in ion homeostasis, and changes in metabolism have yet to be elucidated. Brief, daily pulses of increased temperatures have been shown to repair and/or protect against the continued accumulation of chill injury, leading to an increase in survival across several insect taxa. Until recently, no transcriptomic-level assessments of gene expression during low temperature …
Gender Differences In Lower Extremity Kinematics Throughout Various Stages Of A 5k Run, Rebekah Rye
Gender Differences In Lower Extremity Kinematics Throughout Various Stages Of A 5k Run, Rebekah Rye
Health Nutrition and Exercise Science
Running has been a popular sport because of convenience and health benefits. Fatigue among recreational runners may alter running mechanics, thereby increasing the risk for injury. The purpose of this study was to evaluate changes in lower extremity biomechanics throughout a 3.1 mile (5K) run. Ten male and ten female participants wore reflective markers to capture contralateral pelvic drop, knee adduction, knee abduction, and hip adduction. Participants ran 3.1 miles (5K) on a treadmill at a self-determined pace. A two-way, repeated measures ANOVA was conducted to capture the within-subject data across time and between-subject comparing differences in gender. Females had …
The Effects Of A Kinesio® Tape Application On Intramuscular Tissue Temperature Change During A 20-Minute Cryotherapy Application, Michael Samuel Mccrone
The Effects Of A Kinesio® Tape Application On Intramuscular Tissue Temperature Change During A 20-Minute Cryotherapy Application, Michael Samuel Mccrone
Health Nutrition and Exercise Science
The methodology for this research study was specifically designed to investigate whether or not Kinesio® Tape would act as a barrier during a cryotherapy application. Previous research has concluded that certain dressings can act as a barrier and impede the decrease in temperature in the underlying tissue. However, the properties of Kinesio® Tape are supposed to mimic the properties of skin. The thickness of Kinesio® Tape is miniscule compared to other barriers such as a plaster cast or an ace bandage. Due to this property, there were no statistically significant results found in intramuscular tissue temperature change comparing the use …