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Associations Between Physical Activity And Quality Of Life: Implications For Primary Care, Stefanie Marie Meyer
Associations Between Physical Activity And Quality Of Life: Implications For Primary Care, Stefanie Marie Meyer
Health Nutrition and Exercise Science
It is increasingly well-known that chronic diseases are placing a burden on the United States, including the healthcare system. Considering chronic disease risk and quality of life (QOL) measures, improving lifestyle behaviors such as physical activity (PA) should be further explored. In particular, using a place-based approach such as the healthcare system to improve lifestyle behaviors is a strategy to explore. Lifestyle Medicine (LM) is an approach that uses behavior as therapy to treat conditions and is suggested as an approach for primary care. The purpose of study 1 was to explore potential differences in QOL of patients who were …
Leg Blood Flow Restriction During Rowing Exercise As A Countermeasure To Microgravity Induced Deconditioning, Sean Joseph Mahoney
Leg Blood Flow Restriction During Rowing Exercise As A Countermeasure To Microgravity Induced Deconditioning, Sean Joseph Mahoney
Health Nutrition and Exercise Science
BACKGROUND: Prolonged exposure to microgravity leads to a progressive loss in muscular strength, endurance and aerobic capacity (VO2). Rowing exercise combined with blood flow restriction (BFR) could be a supplemental countermeasure to maintain pre-flight muscle and VO2 function during prolonged spaceflight missions. METHODS: Twenty moderately trained male participants completed five sets of rowing exercise with and without BFR. Heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), surface muscle electromyography (sEMG), whole blood lactate ([La−]b), and rate of perceived exertion (RPE) were measured. STATISTICAL ANALYSES: Repeated measures ANOVAs were used to analyze HR, BP, [La−]b and SEMG and a paired sample t-test was …
High Pressure Processing And Nisin As Possible Nonthermal Treatments For Control Of Listeria And Impact On Quality Attributes In Cold Smoked Pacific Sockeye Salmon, Lisa Dawn Desrocher
High Pressure Processing And Nisin As Possible Nonthermal Treatments For Control Of Listeria And Impact On Quality Attributes In Cold Smoked Pacific Sockeye Salmon, Lisa Dawn Desrocher
Food Safety
Cold smoked salmon products are considered high risk for Listeria monocytogenes contamination by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration due to lack of validated kill step. Currently, there are no commercialized post-packaging control measures to mitigate Listeria spp. in cold smoked salmon processing. Nisin applied during cold smoked salmon processing has been reported to reduce L. monocytogenes with no change in final product organoleptic properties. High pressure processing of cold smoked salmon post-packaging has also been reported to mitigate L. monocytogenes. However, the pressure and time required have adverse effects on cold smoked salmon such as lightening of flesh color. …
Blizzard Watch : Plant Sciences : 2017
Blizzard Watch : Plant Sciences : 2017
Blizzard Watch Newsletter
Newsletter for the Department of Plant Sciences.
Blizzard Watch : Plant Sciences : 2018
Blizzard Watch : Plant Sciences : 2018
Blizzard Watch Newsletter
Newsletter for the Department of Plant Sciences.
The Effects Of Metabolizable Protein Intake And Post-Ruminal Flow Of Amino Acids On Growth Performance And Pancreatic Digestive Enzymes In Steers, Leonardo Gomes Sitorski
The Effects Of Metabolizable Protein Intake And Post-Ruminal Flow Of Amino Acids On Growth Performance And Pancreatic Digestive Enzymes In Steers, Leonardo Gomes Sitorski
Animal Sciences
Excessive dietary protein may affect MP use because of energetic costs of excreting excess N. Amino acids also may influence post-ruminal digestion. Therefore, two experiments were designed to evaluate the effects of MP intake and post-ruminal flow of AA on growth performance and pancreatic digestive enzymes. In experiment 1, treatments supplied different amounts of MP intake to cattle and the effects on growth performance and feeding behavior were evaluated. In experiment 2, duodenal infusion of glutamate or casein was examined and the effects on pancreatic enzymes were measured. Experiment 1 suggests that feeding steers 906 g MP/d in finishing diets …
Application Of Nanoparticles In Livestock Manure For Understanding Hydrogen Sulfide And Greenhouse Gas Reduction Mechanism, Niloy Chandra Sarker
Application Of Nanoparticles In Livestock Manure For Understanding Hydrogen Sulfide And Greenhouse Gas Reduction Mechanism, Niloy Chandra Sarker
Agribusiness and Biosystems Engineering
The agricultural sector is one of the sources of greenhouse gases (GHGs) emission, especially methane (CH4), and contributing approximately 250 million metric ton carbon dioxide (CO2) equivalent emission per year. Almost 70% of CH4 emission from this sector is enteric fermentation, while 26% is from the livestock manure management. Both rumen and animal manure are the impending sources of carbon (C), sulfur (S), and water (H2O) and microbial populations utilize these constituents to produce GHGs, and hydrogen sulfide (H2S). Nanoparticles (NPs) application in manure is a promising treatment option for mitigating GHG and H2S gases, but limited information is available …
Foreign Material Identification And Removal In The Food Safety Industry, Daniel Richard Dumas
Foreign Material Identification And Removal In The Food Safety Industry, Daniel Richard Dumas
Food Safety
Changes in the food industry including the mass production in response to the globalization of the food chain have led to additional food safety and quality challenges for the food industry. One aspect of these challenges is the effective identification and removal of foreign materials from products. The development and implementation of new manufacturing processes, materials, and techniques can produce many types of foreign materials or contribute to the challenges to their removal. These challenges facing the food industry are requiring more levels of protection along with advances in technologies to help reduce the potential safety and quality concerns of …
Comparing Genetic Modification And Genetic Editing Technolgies: Minimal Required Acreage, Joseph Francis Neadeau
Comparing Genetic Modification And Genetic Editing Technolgies: Minimal Required Acreage, Joseph Francis Neadeau
Agribusiness and Applied Economics
There are many technologies being developed for crop breeding. Two interesting technologies are genetic modification and genetic editing. Competitive pressures and changing consumer preferences are forcing organizations to invest heavily in these two technologies. Organizations must decide which traits they want to target and must commit significant time a money to the project. Traditionally, firms would decide which project to embark on if the project is net present value positive. Throughout the research and development process managers have flexibility to abandon the project once new information is received. That flexibility has value and real option analysis must be performed to …
Quality Evaluation Of Coated Extra-Large Hulled Sunflower (Helianthus Annuus) Kernels For Precision Planting, Harjot Sidhu
Quality Evaluation Of Coated Extra-Large Hulled Sunflower (Helianthus Annuus) Kernels For Precision Planting, Harjot Sidhu
Agribusiness and Biosystems Engineering
Domestic and export demand for extra-large (XL) in-shell confectionary sunflower seeds (Helianthus Annuus) growing; however, a significant proportion of the hybrid seed for planting goes to the snack food market because the extra-large seed is not acceptable to farmers. The extra-large hybrid seed has poor emergence in the field and is not compatible with precision planters. Therefore, the option of coating the hulled sunflower kernels for improved germination and plantability is investigated in this dissertation. Twenty types of kernel coatings have been tested, through collaboration with five seed coating companies and development of our own in-house seed coating capabilities. Coated …
Hull Fiber From Ddgs And Corn Grain As Alternative Fillers In Polymer Composites With High Density Polyethylene, Pankaj Pandey
Hull Fiber From Ddgs And Corn Grain As Alternative Fillers In Polymer Composites With High Density Polyethylene, Pankaj Pandey
Agribusiness and Biosystems Engineering
The steady increase in corn based ethanol production has resulted in a dramatic rise in the supply of its co-product known as distillers’ dried grain with solubles (DDGS). Currently, the main outlet for DDGS is the animal feed industry, but the presence of fibers makes them indigestible by non-ruminants such as swine and poultry. Separation of fiber from DDGS would increase the nutritional value of DDGS with higher protein and fat contents and reduced fiber content. The fiber from DDGS can be separated through a physical separation process known as elusieve. The DDGS fiber has the potential to be used …
The Effects Of Sex, Breed, And Slaughter Weight On Growth, Carcass, And Sensory Characteristics Of Lamb, Laura Katherine Grube
The Effects Of Sex, Breed, And Slaughter Weight On Growth, Carcass, And Sensory Characteristics Of Lamb, Laura Katherine Grube
Animal Sciences
American lambs are often over-finished and lack consistent quality. It has been suggested that the use of intact ram lambs can decrease USDA YG and improve growth efficiency. However, ram lamb carcasses are underutilized because of potential issues, the most crucial being off-flavor development. Our hypothesis for this study is that U.S. producers can take advantage of intact ram lamb growth and performance with no detriment to product quality, as long as lambs are slaughtered before the attainment of puberty. Three breeds (Hampshire, Dorset, and Columbia), three slaughter weights (light, medium, and heavy) and two sexes (rams and wethers) were …
The Effects Of Maternal Diet On Passive Transfer Of Immunity To The Neonatal Beef Calf, And Calf Immune Response To Vaccination And Immunostimulants, James Joseph Gaspers
The Effects Of Maternal Diet On Passive Transfer Of Immunity To The Neonatal Beef Calf, And Calf Immune Response To Vaccination And Immunostimulants, James Joseph Gaspers
Animal Sciences
To investigate the effects of maternal diet on passive transfer of immunity to the neonatal beef calf, and calf immune response to vaccination and immunostimulants, three experiments (Exp.) were completed. Results from Exp. 1 indicated that there was no effect of supplemental starch to cows on colostrum production, offspring birth weight, incidence of dystocia, respiratory acidosis, and the passive transfer of immunity. Results from Exp. 2 indicated that both the needle – free injection devices (NFs) and needle and syringe (NS) initiate a haptoglobin (Hp) inflammatory response (P < 0.001). After injection bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) type 2 antibody titers continually declined from d 0, 7, 28, and 115 across both NS and NF treatment groups (P < 0.001). After secondary booster vaccination on d 115, BVDV type 2 antibody titers significantly increased by d 143 (P < 0.001). The use of NFs will maintain a level of immunity that has been seen by the use of conventional NS vaccine administration methods. In Exp. 3, treatments containing a modified live vaccine (MLV) antigen initiated an Hp inflammatory response over time (P < 0.001). Interferon gamma was not significantly different across treatment over time (P = 0.39); however, there was a threefold increase in treatment three over time. Treatments containing a MLV BVDV antigen maintained BVDV type 2 antibodies over time (P <0.001). Feed intake and feeding behavior were unaffected by the use of the vaccine and/or immunostimulant.
Impacts Of Flax On Female And Male Reproductive Traits When Supplemented Prior To Breeding In Sheep, Amanda Marie Long
Impacts Of Flax On Female And Male Reproductive Traits When Supplemented Prior To Breeding In Sheep, Amanda Marie Long
Animal Sciences
Two experiments determined the effects of flaxseed supplementation on reproductive parameters in sheep. In experiment one, 240 multiparous Rambouillet ewes were assigned to one of two treatments: basal ration alone or basal ration with a Flaxlic® Sheep Tub offered over 35 days. Serum was collected weekly for progesterone (P4). Flaxseed supplementation did not improve progesterone concentration or reproductive parameters (P ≥ 0.26). In experiment two, 120 Rambouillet ram lambs were assigned to one of two treatments: basal ration alone or basal ration with a Flaxlic® Sheep Tub offered over 112 days. Scrotal circumference measurements, serum for testosterone, and semen were …
Selection For Low Calcium Tolerance In Brassica Rapa, Tyler John Stadel
Selection For Low Calcium Tolerance In Brassica Rapa, Tyler John Stadel
Environmental and Conservation Sciences
Ecosystems across a landscape can vary in their selection pressures and therefore can vary in the species that are able to survive there. Selection pressures applied on a species found in multiple ecosystems may lead to a divergence into different taxa adapted to different selective conditions. One such soil condition with strong selection pressures are serpentine soils. They are unique in that they have low levels of essential nutrients, specifically calcium, and high levels of heavy metals. To examine the effect of serpentine-like conditions on a model plant species, I grew Brassica rapa in a low calcium hydroponic environment and …
Evidence Of Inbreeding And Divergence In The Western Prairie Fringed Orchid (Platanthera Praeclara), Sarah Anne Tennefos
Evidence Of Inbreeding And Divergence In The Western Prairie Fringed Orchid (Platanthera Praeclara), Sarah Anne Tennefos
Environmental and Conservation Sciences
The conversion of grasslands to agriculture land has made the tall grass prairie one of the world’s most endangered ecosystems and has played a key role in the decline of one particular species of rare endangered orchid, Platanthera praeclara (western prairie fringed orchid, WPFO). Loss of genetic diversity, accumulation of mutations, and inbreeding all increase the risk of extinction in endangered species. Through the use of microsatellite markers to characterize allele frequencies in six populations of WPFO, evidence of inbreeding was common and highest at the most extreme northern, southern and eastern populations. Thus, suggesting that in addition to the …
Motivational Needs Of Secondary Family & Consumer Sciences Students, Ann Marie Dietchman
Motivational Needs Of Secondary Family & Consumer Sciences Students, Ann Marie Dietchman
Education
This study examined North Dakota junior and senior high school FCS students’ perceptions of their motivational needs. The survey instrument used was created by Turner & Herren (1997). The questionnaire measured the motivational needs for achievement, affiliation, and power from McClelland’s (1987) theory of motivation. 175 secondary, junior and senior, students completed web-based questionnaires. One-way ANOVAs were run to determine the influence of independent variables (grade level, GPA, gender, race/ethnicity, and FCCLA membership) on the three motivational needs (achievement, affiliation, and power). The data indicated that FCS students expressed the greatest need for achievement. Females have a greater need than …
Soybean Seeding Rate And Row Spacing Effects On Plant Establishment And Yield, Peder Schmitz
Soybean Seeding Rate And Row Spacing Effects On Plant Establishment And Yield, Peder Schmitz
Plant Sciences
North Dakota soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] management varies across the state, resulting in yield differences. Eight soybean seeding rates (starting at 197600 and increasing by 49400 live seed ha-1 increments) and row spacing (30 and 61 cm) were evaluated in 15 North Dakota environments in 2017-2018 to determine plant densities, seed yield, and plant loss, which were compared with soybean producer field data. Planting 30 cm row spacing yielded 183 kg ha-1 greater than 61 cm row spacing. On farm, maximum yields occurred at 414000 live seed ha-1 and final plant densities of 352000 plants ha-1. In research plots, …
Genotype-By-Environment Interaction In Sunflowers For The Northern Plains, Alison Delaine Pokrzywinski
Genotype-By-Environment Interaction In Sunflowers For The Northern Plains, Alison Delaine Pokrzywinski
Plant Sciences
Genotype by environment interaction (GxE) is the tendency of the phenotypic performance of two or more plant genotypes in one environment to not be predictive of their relative performance in another environment. To discover the importance of GxE in this region, a large set of USDA and commercial hybrids were tested in the regions of practical significance to sunflower production in order to produce recommendations regarding mega-environments for yield and oil. Rank changes for oil content occurred among hybrids and two common factors accounted for 68.6% of the total GxE variation. Breeding programs testing pre-commercial hybrids in multiple environments for …
Phenolic-Linked Antioxidant And Anti-Hyperglycemic Properties Of Selected Cereal, Pseudo-Cereal, And Millet Using In Vitro Screening Methods, Eyada Khalaf
Plant Sciences
Improving diversity of food systems by targeting whole grain cereals, pseudo-cereals, and millets is essential to enhance nutritional qualities beyond macro and micronutrient balance and to address emerging global food and nutritional security-linked public health challenges. However, human health relevant nutritional parameters of whole grains vary widely among species, genotypes, growing conditions, and further due to different processing methods. Therefore, it is important to screen human health relevant nutritional parameters of these whole grains prior to targeting them for wider public health solutions linked to non-communicable chronic diseases (NCD). Based on this rationale, oats from different processing stages and from …
Delineating Root System Architecture In Rapeseed/Canola (Brassica Napus L.) Through Molecular And Transcriptomic Approaches, Muhammad Arif Uz Zaman
Delineating Root System Architecture In Rapeseed/Canola (Brassica Napus L.) Through Molecular And Transcriptomic Approaches, Muhammad Arif Uz Zaman
Plant Sciences
Root system architecture of plant plays a key role in water and nutrient uptake from the soil, provides anchorage and acts as a storage organ. In this current research, we have focused on the molecular and physiological basis of root system variation in canola (Brassica napus L.). Genome wide association mappings in a diverse canola germplasm panel with ~37,500 and ~30,200 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers were conducted under greenhouse and field conditions, respectively. A total of 52 significant SNP markers associated with different root architectural traits were identified in the greenhouse study. Majority of the markers were distributed on …
Development Of A Molecular Marker To Track Apa G40199 Introgression In Common Bean For Bruchid Resistance, Lucy Mazaheri
Development Of A Molecular Marker To Track Apa G40199 Introgression In Common Bean For Bruchid Resistance, Lucy Mazaheri
Plant Sciences
In common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), the main seed storage pests are the bruchid beetles. Damage done to the seed by the larvae has a large impact on seed quality and yield. Arcelin (ARC), phytohaemagglutinin (PHA), and α-amylase inhibitor (α-AI) are linked seed storage proteins that form the APA locus on chromosome Pv04 and are associated with resistance. A major breeding objective is to introduce bruchid resistance into common bean from a resistant tepary genotype, G40199, by introgressing the resistant APA locus into susceptible common bean backgrounds. Here we developed a molecular marker that tracks the introgression. A set of PCR …
Weed Management And Soil Quality Outcomes Of Non-Chemical Weed Control Tactics, Kenneth Paul Beamer
Weed Management And Soil Quality Outcomes Of Non-Chemical Weed Control Tactics, Kenneth Paul Beamer
Plant Sciences
In the Northern Great Plains (NGP), weed management within organic systems remains a challenge. Experiments were conducted at two distinct sites in North Dakota to investigate effects of deep mulch no-till (NT) on soil quality indices, weed densities, and weed seedbank densities. We hypothesized that alfalfa mulch no-till and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inoculant would be associated with reductions in weed densities and improvements to soil quality and vegetable yield. NT treatments were associated with reductions in weed densities and time required for weeding, with improvements in soil quality, such as increased AMF biomass, and yield for snap pea, onion, …
Pre-Harvest Glyphosate Timing In Oats And Final Oat Quality, Bethany Stebbins
Pre-Harvest Glyphosate Timing In Oats And Final Oat Quality, Bethany Stebbins
Plant Sciences
Pre-harvest glyphosate is often applied to cereal crops, such as oats, to insure uniform grain ripeness at harvest. However, some buyers have claimed that this practice negatively affects oat end product quality. Oat samples were grown in two different growing locations for each of two crop years, and glyphosate was applied at the soft dough, physiological maturity, or not applied. Groat quality and starch quality parameters were analyzed, and rolled oats were produced to analyze end product quality. Groat hardness, groat percentage, and percent plump groats were significantly (P<0.05) affected by glyphosate application at the soft dough stage. However, application of glyphosate at physiological maturity did not appear to detrimentally affect groat starch or end product quality. Therefore, pre-harvest glyphosate application isappropriate for oats providing it occurs after plants reach physiological maturity.
An Initiative To Clean Label: Can We Replace Dough Strengtheners In Bread Formulations, Md Mahfuzur Rahman
An Initiative To Clean Label: Can We Replace Dough Strengtheners In Bread Formulations, Md Mahfuzur Rahman
Plant Sciences
Dough strengtheners are the most common and largest group of chemicals used in bread formulations. This study evaluated the capability of hard red spring (HRS) wheat flour to replace commercial dough strengtheners in bread production. Doughs were prepared by blending different percentages (10%, 20%, 30% and 40%) of four different HRS wheat flours with hard red winter (HRW) wheat flour. In addition, doughs were prepared by adding ten commercially available additives with HRW wheat flour to compare the dough strengthening ability of HRS wheat flour. All the HRS wheat flour blends had significantly (p<0.05) strong dough rheological characteristics than most of the additives. The 40% blends of HRS wheat cultivar Glenn and Linkert had better bread making quality than other blends and all the additives. The SE-HPLC unextractable protein fractions of these two cultivars also showed a better correlation with bread making properties than all the additives.
Fate Of Deoxynivalenol During Wet Milling, Ana Maria Magallanes Lopez
Fate Of Deoxynivalenol During Wet Milling, Ana Maria Magallanes Lopez
Plant Sciences
The fungal disease Fusarium head blight affects cereal grains and can produce mycotoxins, like the water-soluble deoxynivalenol (DON). Wheat wet milling process begins with ground endosperm obtained by dry milling and ends with the separation of starch from gluten. Research was conducted on hard red spring wheat and durum wheat samples naturally contaminated with DON. The fate of DON in wheat dry milled fractionations (farina/semolina, shorts, and bran) during wet milling was investigated. Three wet milling processes were evaluated. DON levels were assessed by GC-ECD. Results showed that DON was present in all dry milled fractions. DON concentration in farina …
Development Of A Genetic Transformation System Of Raspberry Cultivars For Gene Function Analysis, Changhyeon Kim
Development Of A Genetic Transformation System Of Raspberry Cultivars For Gene Function Analysis, Changhyeon Kim
Plant Sciences
An Agrobacterium-mediated transformation system of purple raspberry ‘Amethyst’ was established after a series of experiments that determined the effect of genotype, inoculum density, and co-cultivation time on transformation. In this study, a plant regeneration protocol was established for ‘Joan J’ and ‘Polana’ (the regeneration protocol of ‘Amethyst’ was previously developed). Agrobacterium-mediated transformation was conducted for all three cultivars. The minimum killing level of hygromycin B and kanamycin was determined. Inoculum density and co-cultivation time were optimized. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) verified a successful transformation of ‘Amethyst’ with the frequency of 3.3 ~ 4.4 % when leaves were infected with Agrobacterium …
The Role Of The Gut Microbiota In Sustained Weight Loss Following Roux-En-Y Gastric Bypass Surgery, Farnaz Fouladi
The Role Of The Gut Microbiota In Sustained Weight Loss Following Roux-En-Y Gastric Bypass Surgery, Farnaz Fouladi
Pharmacy
Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB) surgery is one of the most effective approaches for the treatment of severe obesity. Despite substantial weight loss following RYGB, a considerable proportion of patients experience weight regain or insufficient weight loss. The proposed research aimed to investigate the role of the gut microbiota in weight regain or suboptimal weight loss following RYGB. The gut microbiota composition in post-RYGB patients who experienced successful weight loss (SWL, n=6), post-RYGB patients who experienced poor weight loss (PWL, n=6), and non-surgical controls (NSC, n=6) who were age- and BMI-matched to the SWL group (NSC, n=6) were characterized through 16S …
Plant-Parasitic Nematodes In Field Pea And Potato And Their Effect On Plant Growth And Yield, Arjun Upadhaya
Plant-Parasitic Nematodes In Field Pea And Potato And Their Effect On Plant Growth And Yield, Arjun Upadhaya
Plant Pathology
In this study, surveys were conducted in pea and potato fields in North Dakota and Central Minnesota to investigate the incidence and abundance of plant-parasitic nematodes in these fields. Moreover, the effect of the pin nematode, Paratylenchus nanus, on plant growth and yield of six field pea cultivars was determined under greenhouse conditions. Similarly, the influence of lesion nematode, Pratylenchus penetrans, and wilt fungi, Fusarium oxysporum alone and together on growth and yield of potato cultivar ‘Red Norland’, was evaluated in microplots under field conditions. The results indicate Paratylenchus spp. and Pratylenchus spp. are the most frequent nematodes, respectively, in …
Association Studies On Pre-Germination Flooding Tolerance And Cell Wall Components Related To Plant Architecture In Dry Bean, Katelynn Walter
Association Studies On Pre-Germination Flooding Tolerance And Cell Wall Components Related To Plant Architecture In Dry Bean, Katelynn Walter
Plant Sciences
Dry bean breeding programs have made significant advances in combating both abiotic and biotic stresses as well as improving plant architectural traits via selective breeding. Flooding can cause complete crop loss in dry bean. On the other hand, breeding for an upright architecture in dry bean has been a breeding target in several programs. However, the stem cell wall components underlying this change have yet to be studied. This research focused on analyzing the cell wall components that might be involved in dry bean architecture as well as pre-germination flooding tolerance in dry bean. For the plant architecture study, two …