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Serum Sulfur-Containing Amino Acids And Risk Of Maternal Gestational Diabetes And Adverse Growth Patterns In Offspring, Ninghua Li, Jing Li, Hui Wang, Yijuan Qiao, Weiqin Li, Ming Gao, Enqing Liu, Zhijie Yu, Gang Hu, Zhongze Fang, Junhong Leng, Xilin Yang Sep 2023

Serum Sulfur-Containing Amino Acids And Risk Of Maternal Gestational Diabetes And Adverse Growth Patterns In Offspring, Ninghua Li, Jing Li, Hui Wang, Yijuan Qiao, Weiqin Li, Ming Gao, Enqing Liu, Zhijie Yu, Gang Hu, Zhongze Fang, Junhong Leng, Xilin Yang

Population and Public Health Science Faculty Publications

Background: To estimate associations of sulfur-containing amino acids (SAAs) in the early trimester of pregnancy and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and estimate associations of maternal SAAs with adverse growth patterns in offspring. Methods: We established a 1:1 matched case-control study (n = 486) from our cohort of pregnant women, and 401 children were followed up at ages 1 to 8 years. We conducted binary conditional logistic regression to estimate the risk associations of serum SAAs with GDM. Multinomial logistic regression was implemented to explore associations of maternal SAAs with adverse growth patterns in the offspring. Results: High serum methionine and …

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The World's 100 Worst Invasive Alien Insect Species Differ In Their Characteristics From Related Non-Invasive Species, Zihua Zhao, Cang Hui, Shuo Peng, Shanqing Yi, Zhihong Li, Gadi V.P. Reddy, Mark Van Kleunen Sep 2023

The World's 100 Worst Invasive Alien Insect Species Differ In Their Characteristics From Related Non-Invasive Species, Zihua Zhao, Cang Hui, Shuo Peng, Shanqing Yi, Zhihong Li, Gadi V.P. Reddy, Mark Van Kleunen

Faculty Publications

While there has been great interest in species characteristics that promote invasiveness, still little is known about the characteristics that distinguish invasive from non-invasive insects. Using a database on the naturalised distributions of alien insects and expert opinions about their impacts, we identified the world's 100 worst invasive insect species. By comparing species characteristics reported in the literature using a meta-analysis, between the 100 worst invasive species and related non-invasive species, we found that invasive insects overall have more pathways of introduction, occur in more habitats, have higher fecundities, higher voltinism, more genes, shorted lifespans and faster development from egg …

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Exercise-Induced Changes To The Fiber Type-Specific Redox State In Human Skeletal Muscle Are Associated With Aerobic Capacity, James Shadiow, Edwin R. Miranda, Ryan K. Perkins, Corey E. Mazo, Zhen Lin, Kendell N. Lewis, Jacob T. Mey, Thomas P.J. Solomon, Jacob M. Haus Sep 2023

Exercise-Induced Changes To The Fiber Type-Specific Redox State In Human Skeletal Muscle Are Associated With Aerobic Capacity, James Shadiow, Edwin R. Miranda, Ryan K. Perkins, Corey E. Mazo, Zhen Lin, Kendell N. Lewis, Jacob T. Mey, Thomas P.J. Solomon, Jacob M. Haus

Division of Basic Science Faculty Publications

The benefits of exercise involve skeletal muscle redox state alterations of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD). We determined the fiber-specific effects of acute exercise on the skeletal muscle redox state in healthy adults. Muscle biopsies were obtained from 19 participants (11 M, 8 F; 26 ± 4 yr) at baseline (fasted) and 30 min and 3 h after treadmill exercise at 80% maximal oxygen consumption (V O2max). Muscle samples were probed for autofluorescence of NADH (excitation at 340-360 nm) and oxidized flavoproteins (Fp; excitation at 440-470 nm) and subsequently, fiber typed to quantify the redox signatures …

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Extract Of Artemisia Dracunculus L. Modulates Osteoblast Proliferation And Mineralization, Matthew C. Scott, Aleah Bourgeois, Yongmei Yu, David H. Burk, Brenda J. Smith, Z. Elizabeth Floyd Sep 2023

Extract Of Artemisia Dracunculus L. Modulates Osteoblast Proliferation And Mineralization, Matthew C. Scott, Aleah Bourgeois, Yongmei Yu, David H. Burk, Brenda J. Smith, Z. Elizabeth Floyd

Division of Basic Science Faculty Publications

Thiazolidinediones (TZD) significantly improve insulin sensitivity via action on adipocytes. Unfortunately, TZDs also degrade bone by inhibiting osteoblasts. An extract of Artemisia dracunculus L., termed PMI5011, improves blood glucose and insulin sensitivity via skeletal muscle, rather than fat, and may therefore spare bone. Here, we examine the effects of PMI5011 and an identified active compound within PMI5011 (2′,4′-dihydroxy-4-methoxydihydrochalcone, DMC-2) on pre-osteoblasts. We hypothesized that PMI5011 and DMC-2 will not inhibit osteogenesis. To test our hypothesis, MC3T3-E1 cells were induced in osteogenic media with and without PMI5011 or DMC-2. Cell lysates were probed for osteogenic gene expression and protein content and …

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Initial Weight Loss And Early Intervention Adherence Predict Long-Term Weight Loss During The Promoting Successful Weight Loss In Primary Care In Louisiana Lifestyle Intervention, Christoph Höchsmann, Corby K. Martin, John W. Apolzan, James L. Dorling, Robert L. Newton, Kara D. Denstel, Emily F. Mire, William D. Johnson, Dachuan Zhang, Connie L. Arnold, Terry C. Davis, Vivian Fonseca, Tina K. Thethi, Carl J. Lavie, Benjamin Springgate, Peter T. Katzmarzyk Sep 2023

Initial Weight Loss And Early Intervention Adherence Predict Long-Term Weight Loss During The Promoting Successful Weight Loss In Primary Care In Louisiana Lifestyle Intervention, Christoph Höchsmann, Corby K. Martin, John W. Apolzan, James L. Dorling, Robert L. Newton, Kara D. Denstel, Emily F. Mire, William D. Johnson, Dachuan Zhang, Connie L. Arnold, Terry C. Davis, Vivian Fonseca, Tina K. Thethi, Carl J. Lavie, Benjamin Springgate, Peter T. Katzmarzyk

Clinical Research Faculty Publications

Objective: This study tested whether initial weight change (WC), self-weighing, and adherence to the expected WC trajectory predict longer-term WC in an underserved primary-care population with obesity. Methods: Data from the intervention group (n = 452; 88% women; 74% Black; BMI 37.3 kg/m2 [SD: 4.6]) of the Promoting Successful Weight Loss in Primary Care in Louisiana trial were analyzed. Initial (2-, 4-, and 8-week) percentage WC was calculated from baseline clinic weights and daily at-home weights. Weights were considered adherent if they were on the expected WC trajectory (10% at 6 months with lower [7.5%] and upper [12.5%] bounds). Linear …

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Sarcopenic Obesity: Emerging Mechanisms And Therapeutic Potential, Christopher L. Axelrod, Wagner S. Dantas, John P. Kirwan Sep 2023

Sarcopenic Obesity: Emerging Mechanisms And Therapeutic Potential, Christopher L. Axelrod, Wagner S. Dantas, John P. Kirwan

Division of Basic Science Faculty Publications

Sarcopenic obesity, or the loss of muscle mass and function associated with excess adiposity, is a largely untreatable medical condition associated with diminished quality of life and increased risk of mortality. To date, it remains somewhat paradoxical and mechanistically undefined as to why a subset of adults with obesity develop muscular decline, an anabolic stimulus generally associated with retention of lean mass. Here, we review evidence surrounding the definition, etiology, and treatment of sarcopenic obesity with an emphasis on emerging regulatory nodes with therapeutic potential. We review the available clinical evidence largely focused on diet, lifestyle, and behavioral interventions to …

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Persistent Hypoxia With Intermittent Aggravation Causes Imbalance In Smad3/Myocardin-Related Transcription Factor Signaling With Consequent Endothelial Senescence And Pulmonary Arterial Remodeling, Jiaxin Hu, Prachi Singh, Jingrui Li, Jing Zhang, Fei Li, Hehe Zhang, Jiang Xie Sep 2023

Persistent Hypoxia With Intermittent Aggravation Causes Imbalance In Smad3/Myocardin-Related Transcription Factor Signaling With Consequent Endothelial Senescence And Pulmonary Arterial Remodeling, Jiaxin Hu, Prachi Singh, Jingrui Li, Jing Zhang, Fei Li, Hehe Zhang, Jiang Xie

Clinical Research Faculty Publications

Loss of Smad3 and the consequent activation of myocardin-related transcription factor (MRTF) are associated with vascular pathologies. This study aimed to examine the impact of persistent hypoxia with intermittent aggravation (PI hypoxia) on cellular senescence and pulmonary arterial remodeling mediated by the Smad3/MRTF imbalance. We examined the effects of PI hypoxia on the Smad3/MRTF pathway and cellular senescence using human pulmonary artery endothelial cells (HPAECs) and in vivo studies in rats. The senescent degree was evaluated using β-galactosidase staining, p16 quantitation and the measurement of senescence-associated secretory phenotype. Structural data in the pathological analysis of pulmonary artery remodeling were collected. …

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Global Rural Health Disparities In Alzheimer's Disease And Related Dementias: State Of The Science, Lisa Ann Kirk Wiese, Allison Gibson, Marc Aaron Guest, Amy R. Nelson, Raven Weaver, Aditi Gupta, Owen Carmichael, Jordan P. Lewis, Allison Lindauer, Samantha Loi, Rachel Peterson, Kylie Radford, Elizabeth K. Rhodus, Christina G. Wong, Megan Zuelsdorff, Ladan Ghazi Saidi, Esmeralda Valdivieso-Mora, Sanne Franzen, Caitlin N. Pope, Timothy S. Killian, Hom L. Shrestha, Patricia C. Heyn, Ted Kheng Siang Ng, Beth Prusaczyk, Samantha John, Ambar Kulshreshtha, Julia L. Sheffler, Lilah Besser, Valerie Daniel, Magdalena I. Tolea, Justin Miller, Christine Musyimi, Jon Corkey, Veronica Yank Sep 2023

Global Rural Health Disparities In Alzheimer's Disease And Related Dementias: State Of The Science, Lisa Ann Kirk Wiese, Allison Gibson, Marc Aaron Guest, Amy R. Nelson, Raven Weaver, Aditi Gupta, Owen Carmichael, Jordan P. Lewis, Allison Lindauer, Samantha Loi, Rachel Peterson, Kylie Radford, Elizabeth K. Rhodus, Christina G. Wong, Megan Zuelsdorff, Ladan Ghazi Saidi, Esmeralda Valdivieso-Mora, Sanne Franzen, Caitlin N. Pope, Timothy S. Killian, Hom L. Shrestha, Patricia C. Heyn, Ted Kheng Siang Ng, Beth Prusaczyk, Samantha John, Ambar Kulshreshtha, Julia L. Sheffler, Lilah Besser, Valerie Daniel, Magdalena I. Tolea, Justin Miller, Christine Musyimi, Jon Corkey, Veronica Yank

Clinical Research Faculty Publications

INTRODUCTION: Individuals living in rural communities are at heightened risk for Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD), which parallels other persistent place-based health disparities. Identifying multiple potentially modifiable risk factors specific to rural areas that contribute to ADRD is an essential first step in understanding the complex interplay between various barriers and facilitators. METHODS: An interdisciplinary, international group of ADRD researchers convened to address the overarching question of: “What can be done to begin minimizing the rural health disparities that contribute uniquely to ADRD?” In this state of the science appraisal, we explore what is known about the biological, behavioral, …

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Upper Ocean Biogeochemistry Of The Oligotrophic North Pacific Subtropical Gyre: From Nutrient Sources To Carbon Export, Minhan Dai, Ya Wei Luo, Eric P. Achterberg, Thomas J. Browning, Yihua Cai, Zhimian Cao, Fei Chai, Bingzhang Chen, Matthew J. Church, Dongjian Ci, Chuanjun Du, Kunshan Gao, Xianghui Guo, Zhendong Hu, Shuh Ji Kao, Edward A. Laws, Zhongping Lee, Hongyang Lin, Qian Liu, Xin Liu, Weicheng Luo, Feifei Meng, Shaoling Shang, Dalin Shi, Hiroaki Saito, Luping Song, Xianhui Sean Wan, Yuntao Wang, Wei Lei Wang, Zuozhu Wen, Peng Xiu, Jing Zhang, Ruifeng Zhang Sep 2023

Upper Ocean Biogeochemistry Of The Oligotrophic North Pacific Subtropical Gyre: From Nutrient Sources To Carbon Export, Minhan Dai, Ya Wei Luo, Eric P. Achterberg, Thomas J. Browning, Yihua Cai, Zhimian Cao, Fei Chai, Bingzhang Chen, Matthew J. Church, Dongjian Ci, Chuanjun Du, Kunshan Gao, Xianghui Guo, Zhendong Hu, Shuh Ji Kao, Edward A. Laws, Zhongping Lee, Hongyang Lin, Qian Liu, Xin Liu, Weicheng Luo, Feifei Meng, Shaoling Shang, Dalin Shi, Hiroaki Saito, Luping Song, Xianhui Sean Wan, Yuntao Wang, Wei Lei Wang, Zuozhu Wen, Peng Xiu, Jing Zhang, Ruifeng Zhang

Faculty Publications

Subtropical gyres cover 26%–29% of the world's surface ocean and are conventionally regarded as ocean deserts due to their permanent stratification, depleted surface nutrients, and low biological productivity. Despite tremendous advances over the past three decades, particularly through the Hawaii Ocean Time-series and the Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Study, which have revolutionized our understanding of the biogeochemistry in oligotrophic marine ecosystems, the gyres remain understudied. We review current understanding of upper ocean biogeochemistry in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre, considering other subtropical gyres for comparison. We focus our synthesis on spatial variability, which shows larger than expected dynamic ranges of properties …

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Leveraging Cultural Wealth, Identities And Motivation: How Diverse Intersectional Groups Of Low-Income Undergraduate Stem Students Persist In Collegiate Stem Environments, Raeshan D. Davis, Zakiya Wilson-Kennedy Sep 2023

Leveraging Cultural Wealth, Identities And Motivation: How Diverse Intersectional Groups Of Low-Income Undergraduate Stem Students Persist In Collegiate Stem Environments, Raeshan D. Davis, Zakiya Wilson-Kennedy

Faculty Publications

Grounded in a conceptual framework incorporating intersectionality, motivation, self-determination, and self-efficacy, this empirical study investigated how individuals’ identities, mindsets, and resources in educational environments intentionally cultivated to support their decision-making, development, and connections in the science community, can significantly increase the recruitment, persistence, and success of low-income, academically talented science students from diverse backgrounds. Several factors—academic performance in coursework, self-image, self-agency, financial support, and social integration in the science culture—continue to significantly impact student retention and persistence in STEM disciplines. Many of these factors are negatively affected based on a students’ intersecting identities, which can be detrimental to their academic …

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Probiotic Characteristics Of Streptococcus Thermophilus And Lactobacillus Bulgaricus As Influenced By New Food Sources, Ashly Castro, Ricardo S. Aleman, Miguel Tabora, Shirin Kazemzadeh, Leyla K. Pournaki, Roberto Cedillos, Jhunior Marcia, Kayanush Aryana Sep 2023

Probiotic Characteristics Of Streptococcus Thermophilus And Lactobacillus Bulgaricus As Influenced By New Food Sources, Ashly Castro, Ricardo S. Aleman, Miguel Tabora, Shirin Kazemzadeh, Leyla K. Pournaki, Roberto Cedillos, Jhunior Marcia, Kayanush Aryana

Faculty Publications

The current research aimed to evaluate the potential effects of Solanum mammosum, Dioon mejiae, and Amanita caesarea on Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus survival and performance after exposure to different harsh conditions such as bile, acid, gastric juice, and lysozyme to mimic the digestive system from mouth to the intestine. Probiotic protease activity was observed to evaluate the proteolytic system. Probiotics were cultured in a broth mixed with plant material, and after incubation, the results were compared to the control sample. Therefore, plant material’s total phenolic compound, total carotenoid compound, antioxidant activity, sugar profile, and acid profile were …

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Effects Of Weevil (Rhynchophorus Palmarum), Teosinte (Dioon Mejiae) And Caesar’S Mushroom (Amanita Caesarea) On The Properties Of Lactobacillus Acidophilus La-K, Ricardo S. Aleman, Dany Avila, Allan Avila, Jhunior Marcia, David Picha, Kayanush Aryana, Ismael Montero-Fernández Sep 2023

Effects Of Weevil (Rhynchophorus Palmarum), Teosinte (Dioon Mejiae) And Caesar’S Mushroom (Amanita Caesarea) On The Properties Of Lactobacillus Acidophilus La-K, Ricardo S. Aleman, Dany Avila, Allan Avila, Jhunior Marcia, David Picha, Kayanush Aryana, Ismael Montero-Fernández

Faculty Publications

Weevil (Rhynchophorus palmarum) powder, teosinte (Dioon mejiae) and Caesar’s mushroom (Amanita caesarea) flour have bioactive compounds with significant nutritional applications. This paper aimed to examine the influence of weevil, teosinte, and mushroom powders on the protease activity, acid tolerance, bile tolerance, lysozyme tolerance, and gastric juice resistance ability of Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-K. Acid tolerance was determined by adjusting the pH of MRS broth to 2.0 for L. acidophilus incubated under aerobic conditions at 37 °C. Bile tolerance was determined by incorporating 0.3% of oxgall. Protease activity was determined spectrophotometrically at 340 nm. Resistance to 100 mg/L of lysozyme in an …

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Benzylfentanyl As A Surrogate Template For Fentanyl-Selective Imprinted Polymers, Md Ragib Hasan, David A. Spivak Sep 2023

Benzylfentanyl As A Surrogate Template For Fentanyl-Selective Imprinted Polymers, Md Ragib Hasan, David A. Spivak

Faculty Publications

The illicit use of fentanyl has led to hundreds of thousands of opioid-related deaths worldwide. Therefore, the detection of fentanyl by law enforcement and recreational users is of utmost importance. However, current detection methods are expensive, time-consuming, require special storage conditions, and necessitate complex instrumentation that is generally unportable and requires skilled personnel to operate. An alternative approach would be using molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) as the recognition component of a handheld sensor, testing strip, or color-based assay. In this work, a molecularly imprinted polymer was constructed using the functional monomer methacrylic acid (MAA) and the cross-linking monomer ethyleneglycol dimethacrylate …

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Esprit De Corps And Thinking On (And With) Your Feet: Standard, Enactive, And Poststructuralist Aspects Of Relational Autonomy And Collective Intentionality In Team Sports, John Protevi Sep 2023

Esprit De Corps And Thinking On (And With) Your Feet: Standard, Enactive, And Poststructuralist Aspects Of Relational Autonomy And Collective Intentionality In Team Sports, John Protevi

Faculty Publications

To concretize my discussion of relational autonomy and collective intentionality, I present a case study in which we can see several themes in that scholarly literature exemplified in a real-life event. The event in question is the Megan Rapinoe-Abby Wambach goal in the quarterfinals of the Women's World Cup of 2011, one of the greatest in all World Cup history (A video clip of the goal can be found at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0B4q6di-3fg.). In the case study, I concentrate on the ontological status of two key aspects of soccer, the linking of teammates by a pass, and the emergence of the team …

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A Sensitive Strain Sensor Based On Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes/Polyaniline/Silicone Rubber Nanocomposite For Human Motion Detection, Seyedmajid Hosseini, Mohsen Norouzi, Jian Xu Sep 2023

A Sensitive Strain Sensor Based On Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes/Polyaniline/Silicone Rubber Nanocomposite For Human Motion Detection, Seyedmajid Hosseini, Mohsen Norouzi, Jian Xu

Faculty Publications

Strain sensors play a pivotal role in quantifying stress and strain across diverse domains, encompassing engineering, industry, and medicine. Their applicability has recently extended into the realm of wearable electronics, enabling real-time monitoring of body movements. However, conventional strain sensors, while extensively employed, grapple with limitations such as diminished sensitivity, suboptimal tensile strength, and susceptibility to environmental factors. In contrast, polymer-based composite strain sensors have gained prominence for their capability to surmount these challenges. The integration of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as reinforcing agents within the polymer matrix ushers in a transformative era, bolstering mechanical strength, electrical conductivity, and thermal stability. …

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Evaluation Of Organic And Synthetic Herbicides Applications On Indicators Of Soil Health And Weed Suppression In A Conventional Cropping System In Louisiana, Caitlin Denux Aug 2023

Evaluation Of Organic And Synthetic Herbicides Applications On Indicators Of Soil Health And Weed Suppression In A Conventional Cropping System In Louisiana, Caitlin Denux

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Synthetic herbicides, with their varying modes of action, are well known for their efficiency in the suppression and control of weed species in U.S. agriculture. However, the consequences of using synthetic herbicides without attention to the surrounding environment can produce chemical run-off, changes in soil health and soil health conditions, and create herbicide-resistant weeds. These consequences have encouraged growers to find alternatives in their weed management programs. In this study, organic and synthetic herbicides were assessed on how well they performed in weed suppression surveys, and their potential effects on soil health indicators. Commonly used indicators include soil pH, β-glucosidase …

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The Fabrication Of Nearly Monodisperse Chiral And Achiral Plasmonic Nanostructures And Their Applications, Macayla J. Caso Aug 2023

The Fabrication Of Nearly Monodisperse Chiral And Achiral Plasmonic Nanostructures And Their Applications, Macayla J. Caso

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

An object is chiral when it holds no lines of symmetry. This quality naturally occurs in chemistry and biology. When an object is chiral it has a unique handedness and objects of opposite chirality are called enantiomers. The importance of handedness was brought to light in the 1960’s when a racemic mixture of thalidomide enantiomers was given to pregnant women. One enantiomer was able to treat morning sickness while the other caused severe birth defects. This case brought to light how enantiomers have unique properties from each other even though they are similar materials. With this knowledge chiral nanomaterials must …

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The Impact Of Physical Exercise On Health-Related Quality Of Life In Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Ayokunle T. Abegunde, Daniela Goyes, Umer Farooq, Amy H. Luke, Elizabeth Huggins, Richard S. Cooper, Lara R. Dugas Aug 2023

The Impact Of Physical Exercise On Health-Related Quality Of Life In Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Ayokunle T. Abegunde, Daniela Goyes, Umer Farooq, Amy H. Luke, Elizabeth Huggins, Richard S. Cooper, Lara R. Dugas

Faculty Publications

Objectives: This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (intervention). The objectives are as follows:. Primary objective: to determine the effect of structured physical activity and exercise therapy compared to placebo or normal physical activity on HRQOL of people with IBD (UC, CD, IBDU). Secondary objective: to evaluate the impact of these physical activity interventions on maintenance of remission and fatigue.

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Monodisperse Sub-100 Nm Au Nanoshells For Low-Fluence Deep-Tissue Photoacoustic Imaging, Luis D.B. Manuel, Vinoin Devpaul Vincely, Carolyn L. Bayer, Kevin M. Mcpeak Aug 2023

Monodisperse Sub-100 Nm Au Nanoshells For Low-Fluence Deep-Tissue Photoacoustic Imaging, Luis D.B. Manuel, Vinoin Devpaul Vincely, Carolyn L. Bayer, Kevin M. Mcpeak

Faculty Publications

Nanoparticles with high absorption cross sections will advance therapeutic and bioimaging nanomedicine technologies. While Au nanoshells have shown great promise in nanomedicine, state-of-the-art synthesis methods result in scattering-dominant particles, mitigating their efficacy in absorption-based techniques that leverage the photothermal effect, such as photoacoustic (PA) imaging. We introduce a highly reproducible synthesis route to monodisperse sub-100 nm Au nanoshells with an absorption-dominant optical response. Au nanoshells with 48 nm SiO2 cores and 7 nm Au shells show a 14-fold increase in their volumetric absorption coefficient compared to commercial Au nanoshells with dimensions commonly used in nanomedicine. PA imaging with Au nanoshell …

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Direct Evidence On The Crossover From Bcc To Fcc Stability: A Lattice-Based Aggregation-Volume-Bias Monte Carlo Approach To Polymorphism, Bin Chen Aug 2023

Direct Evidence On The Crossover From Bcc To Fcc Stability: A Lattice-Based Aggregation-Volume-Bias Monte Carlo Approach To Polymorphism, Bin Chen

Faculty Publications

A lattice-based version of the aggregation-volume-bias Monte Carlo method that was introduced recently has allowed for the extension of the calculation of the nucleation free energies from liquid clusters to solid clusters. Here, it was used to calculate the nucleation free energies of both bcc and fcc clusters formed by Lennard-Jones particles. Under the simulation conditions considered in this study, a cross-over of the thermodynamic stability from the bcc to the fcc structure was observed directly from the free energy results. In addition, the free energies obtained for both types of clusters were used to extrapolate bulk phase information, including …

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A Multi-Aerial Vehicle Platform For Testing Collaborative Mobility Formation Controllers, Matthew Snellgrove Aug 2023

A Multi-Aerial Vehicle Platform For Testing Collaborative Mobility Formation Controllers, Matthew Snellgrove

LSU Master's Theses

Multi-agent systems have potential applications in a multitude of fields due to their ability to perform complex tasks with a high degree of robustness. Decentralized systems are multi-agent systems where sensing, control, and communication responsibilities are distributed amongst the agents giving this scheme a particularly high potential for robustness, adaptability, and complexity; however, this comes with its own list of challenges. Formation control is a topic in multi-agent systems that aims to have the agents moving as a virtual rigid body through space. In the literature, there have been successful implementation of formation control algorithms on robot agents in both …

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An Essay On Cover Crops, Crop Yield Risks And Crop Insurance, Rajan Dhakal Aug 2023

An Essay On Cover Crops, Crop Yield Risks And Crop Insurance, Rajan Dhakal

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

To reduce the rising negative environmental impacts of crop production (e.g., chemical runoff, soil erosion) using conservation practices in farming has become a very important policy and research focus. However, the interest of farmers in adopting conservation practices is highly dependent on the potential private benefits that these practices create. With the chances for increased weather variability and frequent extreme weather conditions, cover crops have been gaining more attention, as their on-farm benefits can provide an effective buffer against unfavorable weather events such as excess dry and wet conditions. Despite providing several benefits, cover crop adoption in the US remain …

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Modeling Of Heat And Mass Transfer In Flat Heat Pipes, Salar Saadatian Aug 2023

Modeling Of Heat And Mass Transfer In Flat Heat Pipes, Salar Saadatian

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Phase-change phenomenon is ubiquitous in nature and widely utilized in thermal management of computer chips. Flat heat pipes have been extensively used in thermal management of microelectronic devices. However, existing research mainly concentrates on developing numerical models and lacks a systematic analytical approach to elucidate the working mechanism of flat heat pipes. We consider a horizontal flat heat pipe with an idealized porous wick. The pores in the wick are straight circular capillaries running along and across the wick and are filled with a liquid. The rest of the pipe is filled with its vapor. The mass evaporative rate at …

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Reduction Of Sparc Protects Mice Against Nlrp3 Inflammasome Activation And Obesity, Seungjin Ryu, Olga Spadaro, Sviatoslav Sidorov, Aileen H. Lee, Sonia Caprio, Christopher Morrison, Steven R. Smith, Eric Ravussin, Irina Shchukina, Maxim N. Artyomov, Yun Hee Youm, Vishwa Deep Dixit Aug 2023

Reduction Of Sparc Protects Mice Against Nlrp3 Inflammasome Activation And Obesity, Seungjin Ryu, Olga Spadaro, Sviatoslav Sidorov, Aileen H. Lee, Sonia Caprio, Christopher Morrison, Steven R. Smith, Eric Ravussin, Irina Shchukina, Maxim N. Artyomov, Yun Hee Youm, Vishwa Deep Dixit

Division of Basic Science Faculty Publications

The comprehensive assessment of long-term effects of reducing intake of energy (CALERIE-II; NCT00427193) clinical trial established that caloric restriction (CR) in humans lowers inflammation. The identity and mechanism of endogenous CR-mimetics that can be deployed to control obesity-associated inflammation and diseases are not well understood. Our studies have found that 2 years of 14% sustained CR in humans inhibits the expression of the matricellular protein, secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC), in adipose tissue. In mice, adipose tissue remodeling caused by weight loss through CR and low-protein diet feeding decreased, while high-fat diet–induced (HFD-induced) obesity increased SPARC expression …

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Grounding Line And Calving Front Retreat In Glomar Challenger Basin And Pennell Trough Of Ross Sea, Antarctica Reconstructed From Diatom Abundances And Assemblages, Jaren Bradford Aug 2023

Grounding Line And Calving Front Retreat In Glomar Challenger Basin And Pennell Trough Of Ross Sea, Antarctica Reconstructed From Diatom Abundances And Assemblages, Jaren Bradford

LSU Master's Theses

Previous studies showed that West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) retreat from the Whales Deep Basin continental shelf edge in eastern Ross Sea was underway by 14.7 ± 0.4 cal kyr BP. Following an ice-shelf breakup at 12.3 ± 0.6 cal kyr BP, a calving cliff margin remained within 60 km of the shelf edge until 11.5 ± 0.3 cal kyr BP. McGlannan et al. (2017) inferred that an ice shelf reformed immediately during a subsequent rapid retreat. That interpretation of grounding-line retreat with an intact ice shelf is being reevaluated by Sivils (in prep.). Here, we conducted a similar synthesis …

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Assessing The Effects Of Live Oysters And Sampling Gear On Biodiversity Metrics Of Reef-Associated Benthic And Nekton Assemblages, Finella Campanino Aug 2023

Assessing The Effects Of Live Oysters And Sampling Gear On Biodiversity Metrics Of Reef-Associated Benthic And Nekton Assemblages, Finella Campanino

LSU Master's Theses

Oysters are declining globally, resulting in an increase in oyster reef restoration, with many efforts prioritizing maintenance of reef-associated biodiversity. Understanding the role that reef-specific characteristics play in supporting biodiversity and how sampling gear influences measurements of biodiversity can inform design and management of restoration projects. I examined the relationship between live oyster volume and reef-associated benthic and nekton assemblages (hereafter reef assemblages) and how sampling gears influence our understanding of biodiversity on intertidal Crassostrea virginica reefs near Cocodrie, Louisiana. I quantified substrate characteristics, assemblages via trays, and water-column characteristics across four reefs and four seasons in 2022-2023, and compared …

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Trophic Amplification: A Model Intercomparison Of Climate Driven Changes In Marine Food Webs, Vianney Guibourd De Luzinais, Hubert Du Pontavice, Gabriel Reygondeau, Nicolas Barrier, Julia L. Blanchard, Virginie Bornarel, Matthias Büchner, William W.L. Cheung, Tyler D. Eddy, Jason D. Everett, Jerome Guiet, Cheryl S. Harrison, Olivier Maury, Camilla Novaglio, Colleen M. Petrik, Jeroen Steenbeek, Derek P. Tittensor, Didier Gascuel Aug 2023

Trophic Amplification: A Model Intercomparison Of Climate Driven Changes In Marine Food Webs, Vianney Guibourd De Luzinais, Hubert Du Pontavice, Gabriel Reygondeau, Nicolas Barrier, Julia L. Blanchard, Virginie Bornarel, Matthias Büchner, William W.L. Cheung, Tyler D. Eddy, Jason D. Everett, Jerome Guiet, Cheryl S. Harrison, Olivier Maury, Camilla Novaglio, Colleen M. Petrik, Jeroen Steenbeek, Derek P. Tittensor, Didier Gascuel

Faculty Publications

Marine animal biomass is expected to decrease in the 21st century due to climate driven changes in ocean environmental conditions. Previous studies suggest that the magnitude of the decline in primary production on apex predators could be amplified through the trophodynamics of marine food webs, leading to larger decreases in the biomass of predators relative to the decrease in primary production, a mechanism called trophic amplification. We compared relative changes in producer and consumer biomass or production in the global ocean to assess the extent of trophic amplification. We used simulations from nine marine ecosystem models (MEMs) from the Fisheries …

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Non-Target Potential Of Neonicotinoid And Fungicide Seed Cane Treatments On Solenopsis Invicta, Hannah J. Penn, Paul M. White, Blake E. Wilson, Randy T. Richard Aug 2023

Non-Target Potential Of Neonicotinoid And Fungicide Seed Cane Treatments On Solenopsis Invicta, Hannah J. Penn, Paul M. White, Blake E. Wilson, Randy T. Richard

Faculty Publications

Traditionally, Louisiana sugarcane has been grown vegetatively from whole stalks, but innovations in machinery and rising labor costs have increased interest in billet planting. Billets, short stalk pieces containing several viable eyes, are more susceptible to pathogen exposure and may require fungicide and/or insecticide applications at planting to increase stand potential. Work in other crops indicates such treatments may alter arthropod predator abundance, so the goal of this study was to evaluate the potential non-target effects of select treatments at planting on the red important fire ant (RIFA), Solenopsis invicta, and other arthropod predators of the sugarcane borer, Diatraea saccharalis, …

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Longitudinal Assessment Of Cognitive Function In The Appswe/Ps1de9 Mouse Model Of Alzheimer's-Related Beta-Amyloidosis, Paul L. Soto, Michael E. Young, Giuliana M. Dimarco, Brianna George, Tatiana Melnikova, Alena V. Savonenko, Breanna N. Harris Aug 2023

Longitudinal Assessment Of Cognitive Function In The Appswe/Ps1de9 Mouse Model Of Alzheimer's-Related Beta-Amyloidosis, Paul L. Soto, Michael E. Young, Giuliana M. Dimarco, Brianna George, Tatiana Melnikova, Alena V. Savonenko, Breanna N. Harris

Faculty Publications

Preclinical models of Alzheimer's disease (AD)-related cognitive decline can be useful for developing therapeutics. The current study longitudinally assessed short-term memory, using a delayed matching-to-position (DMTP) task, and attention, using a 3-choice serial reaction time (3CSRT) task, from approximately 18 weeks of age through death or 72 weeks of age in APPswe/PS1dE9 mice, a widely used mouse model of AD-related amyloidosis. Both transgenic (Tg) and non-Tg mice exhibited improvements in DMTP accuracy over time. Breaks in testing reduced DMTP accuracy but accuracy values quickly recovered in both Tg and non-Tg mice. Both Tg and non-Tg mice exhibited high accuracy in …

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Pharmacological Inhibition Of Lipolysis Prevents Adverse Metabolic Outcomes During Glucocorticoid Administration, Melissa A. Linden, Susan J. Burke, Humza A. Pirzadah, Tai Yu Huang, Heidi M. Batdorf, Walid K. Mohammed, Katarina A. Jones, Sujoy Ghosh, Shawn R. Campagna, J. Jason Collier, Robert C. Noland Aug 2023

Pharmacological Inhibition Of Lipolysis Prevents Adverse Metabolic Outcomes During Glucocorticoid Administration, Melissa A. Linden, Susan J. Burke, Humza A. Pirzadah, Tai Yu Huang, Heidi M. Batdorf, Walid K. Mohammed, Katarina A. Jones, Sujoy Ghosh, Shawn R. Campagna, J. Jason Collier, Robert C. Noland

Division of Basic Science Faculty Publications

Objective: Glucocorticoids are one of the most commonly prescribed classes of anti-inflammatory drugs; however, chronic treatment promotes iatrogenic (drug-induced) diabetes. As part of their physiological role, glucocorticoids stimulate lipolysis to spare glucose. We hypothesized that persistent stimulation of lipolysis during glucocorticoid therapy plays a causative role in the development of iatrogenic diabetes. Methods: Male C57BL/6J mice were given 100 μg/mL corticosterone (Cort) in the drinking water for two weeks and were fed either normal chow (TekLad 8640) or the same diet supplemented with an adipose triglyceride lipase inhibitor (Atglistatin - 2 g/kg diet) to inhibit the first step of lipolysis. …

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