Digital Commons Network^™

Matching Pasture To Animal Needs, S. Ray Smith

Forage Symposium at the Kentucky Cattlemen’s Convention

Cattle have a wide range of nutrient requirements depending on maturity, weight, growth potential, pregnancy, milk production, desired daily production, and other factors.

Can I Afford To Seed Novel-Endophyte Tall Fescue?, Kenneth H. Burdine

Forage Symposium at the Kentucky Cattlemen’s Convention

Tall fescue is the predominant forage grass of Kentucky. It is an easily established, relatively persistent bunchgrass that has reasonable drought tolerance and does well in clay or loam soils. However, the endophyte fungus found in the grass was linked to poor animal performance in the late 1970’s (Ball, Hoveland, and Lacefield). It has been estimated that 85% of Kentucky’s fescue pastures are endophyte infected, making it a serious problem for Kentucky cattle producers (Lacefield, Henning, and Philips). Producers interested in establishing or replacing tall fescue stands have several options available to them.

How I Produce, Manage And Market Forages, Bill Payne

Forage Symposium at the Kentucky Cattlemen’s Convention

I would like to amend the title to: “How I Produce, Manage and Market Forages, Profitably.” My experience has led me to believe that keeping things simple has allowed me to focus better and that has led to profitability. This has led me to make every effort to reduce my reliance on machinery and to allow the cows to do the work. I focus on maximizing forage utilization and minimizing the number of days of feeding stored feeds.

Where To Find Forage Information On The Web, Tom Keene

Forage Symposium at the Kentucky Cattlemen’s Convention

The Internet can take you almost anywhere you want to go these days. You can gather information, shop, take classes, play games, etc. So, it is logical to assume that you can find lots of information about forages on the Internet.

Foreword [2007], Garry D. Lacefield, Christi L. Forsythe

Forage Symposium at the Kentucky Cattlemen’s Convention

No abstract provided.

An African Pearl Finds A Home In The U.S., Intsormil

INTSORMIL Impacts and Bulletins

Pearl millet, a crop native to the harsh growing conditions of Sub Saharan Africa, is now finding a new home in the U.S. Although pearl millet has been grown for livestock forage in the U.S. for over 100 years, new uses for pearl millet and genetic improvement of the crop have recently caused pearl millet grain production to blossom.

INTSORMIL, in collaboration with the USDA-ARS and the University of Georgia, by breeding new hybrids and identifying new uses has provided a transfusion for pearl millet production in the U.S. The collaboration has resulted in the production of high quality grain …

Association Of Ergot Alkaloids With Conidiation In Aspergillus Fumigatus, Christine M. Coyle, Shawn C. Kenaley, William R. Rittenour, Daniel G. Panaccione

Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications

Ergot alkaloids are mycotoxins that affect the nervous and reproductive systems of exposed individuals through interactions with monoamine receptors. They have been studied more widely in ergot fungi and grass endophytes but also are found in Aspergillus fumigatus, an opportunistic human pathogen that reproduces and disseminates exclusively through conidia. The ergot alkaloids festuclavine and fumigaclavines A, B and C are present in or on conidia of A. fumigatus. Cultures of the fungus that are free of conidia are difficult to obtain, obscuring comparisons of conidia versus vegetative hyphae as sources of the ergot alkaloids. To create conidiation-deficient strains of A. …

Intsormil 2007 Annual Report, John M. Yohe, Kimberly Christiansen, Joan Frederick

INTSORMIL Impacts and Bulletins

The 2007 INTSORMIL Six Year Report presents the progress and notable achievements by the Sorghum/Millet CRSP during the period of July 1, 2001 - June 30, 2007. These results are an outcome of partnerships between scientists at seven U.S. Land Grant Universities (Kansas State University, Mississippi State University, Ohio State University, University of Nebraska, Purdue University, Texas A&M University and West Texas A&M University), scientists of the Agricultural Research Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture at Tifton, Georgia and the National Agricultural Research Systems (NARS) and National Universities in nineteen countries in Central America, West Africa, East Africa and …

Nitrogen Management For Wheat Protein And Yield In The Esperance Port Zone, Jeremy Lemon

Bulletins 4000 -

This manual is part of a joint project between the Department of Agriculture and Food WA and the South East Premium Wheat Growers Association (SEPWA) with funding from the Grains Research and Development Corporation (GRDC). Growers in the Esperance port zone have been concerned with declining protein levels in wheat and its impact on farm returns as well as strong messages from processors of Esperance wheat that they require higher protein in the wheat they mill and process.

The project entailed grower involvement in designing and executing field scale experiments using farmer machinery, grower workshops, field days and meetings to …

Structure And Temperature Regulated Expression Of A Cysteine Proteinase Gene In Pachysandra Terminalis Sieb. & Zucc., Suping Zhou, Roger Sauve, Fur-Chi Chen

Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Faculty Research

A cysteine proteinase gene (DQ403257) with an open reading frame of 1125 base pairs was isolated from Pachysdandra terminalis. The primary translated peptide has a predicted length of 374 amino acids, pI (isoelectric point) of 5.70, and molecular mass of 40.9 kDa. The Peptidase_C1 domain is between residue 141 and 367. The proteinase has a conserved motif Gly-Xaa-Thy-Xaa-Phe-Xaa-Asn in the pro region. Sequence comparison shows that the deduced peptide shares 82% identity with the cysteine proteinase RD19a precursor (RD19) (accession P43296) from Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. Real-time quantitative reverse-transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction revealed that the gene is induced by treatments of …

Homestead National Monument Of America Bur Oak Forest Restoration Plan: Reference Condition And Management Considerations, Steven B. Rolfsmeier

Nebraska Game and Parks Commission: White Papers, Conference Presentations, and Manuscripts

The Vegetation Management Action Plan for Homestead National Monument of America includes a statement of the desired future condition that states: "The monument's natural resources are managed in such a way as to maintain a heterogeneous landscape composed of a mosaic of high quality remnant and restored tallgrass prairie, lowland bur oak forest and associated ecotones, as well as prairie streams and their hydrologic processes; that reflects the value of the site as a homestead, represents as accurately as possible the environment encountered by early settlers, and preserves native biodiversity" (Bolli 2006). The lowland bur oak forest along Cub Creek …

Rational Risk/Benefit Analysis Of Genetically Modified Crops, Stanley P. Kowalski

Law Faculty Scholarship

Safety concerns over the use of molecular biotechnology in the improvement of crops has generated substantial, heated and confusing debates, often driven by ideology and hysterics. Modification of crops is not new, and biotechnology (in its broadest sense) has been used for over a century to accelerate the development of new crops for food, feed and fibre, so as to meet the demands of a growing global community. The introduction of crops developed via molecular biotechnology [Genetically Modified Crops (GMCs)] represents the latest step in this inexorable innovative progression of technology. However, misinformed concern has led to a broad embrace …

A Geographically Constrained Molecular Phylogeny Of Panamanian Aechmea Species (Bromeliaceae, Subfamily Bromelioideae), Keri Renee Maher

Theses Digitization Project

This study lends strong support to the idea that members of Bromeliaceae have undergone a recent adaptive radiation, and therefore show that, at least in part, diversity in the tropics is due to a fast speciation rate and that the tropics can be a "cradle" for new diversification and exploitation of varying ecological niches through the diversification of ecophysiological traits within a lineage.

Regulation Of Hyphal Morphogenesis By Cdc42 And Rac1 Homologues In Aspergillus Nidulans, Aleksandra Virag, Maurice P. Lee, Haoyu Si, Steven D. Harris

Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications

The ability of filamentous fungi to form hyphae requires the establishment and maintenance of a stable polarity axis. Based on studies in yeasts and animals, the GTPases Cdc42 and Rac1 are presumed to play a central role in organizing the morphogenetic machinery to enable axis formation and stabilization. Here, we report that Cdc42 (ModA) and Rac1 (RacA) share an overlapping function required for polarity establishment in Aspergillus nidulans. Nevertheless, Cdc42 appears to have a more important role in hyphal morphogenesis in that it alone is required for the timely formation of lateral branches. In addition, we provide genetic evidence …

The Unsettling Landscape: Landscape And Anxiety In The Garden Of The House Of Octavius Quartio, Sarah Brutesco

Inquiry: The University of Arkansas Undergraduate Research Journal

Ancient Roman houses (domus) were both public and private spaces and were used by the homeowner (dominus) to send messages of power to his guests and family members. Scholarly analysis of the rhetorical power of the architecture and decoration of the domus has largely overlooked the role of the garden within this context. It is generally assumed that the purpose of the garden was to provide a calm green space in the center of an urban home. The purpose of this paper is to challenge this overly simplistic reading of Roman gardens and to explore how the dominus might have …

Ua66/5/2 Newsletter, Wku Department Of Agriculture

WKU Administration Documents

Newsletter regarding programs, events, students and alumni of the WKU Agriculture department.

The 2005 Nevada Rangeland Vegetation Survey General Public Questionnaire And Survey Of Responses, Kimberly Rollins, Anita Castledine, Sherman Swanson, M. D. R. Evans, Kent Mcadoo, Brad Schultz, Michael Havercamp, Robert Wilson

Reports

The 2005 Nevada Rangeland Vegetation Survey was conducted as a collaborative effort between the University of Nevada, Reno (UNR) Department of Resource Economics and the University of Nevada Cooperative Extension (UNCE) Natural Resources Program to fulfill two roles.

Instructions For Authors, Discovery Editors

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

No abstract provided.

Feed On Offer Photo Gallery : For Annual Pastures During The Green Period, Mandy (Catherine Amanda) Curnow, Lifetimewool (Australia)

Books & book chapters

Food on Offer, or FOO, is the amount of pasture available for sheep to eat. It is measured as dry matter per hectare, and then used to budget feed available and stocking rates for a given period.

FOO includes all green material above the ground and it is reported in kilograms of dry matter per hectare (kg DM/ha).

The Influence Of Oscillating Dietary Protein Concentrations On Finishing Cattle. Ii. Nutrient Retention And Ammonia Emissions, S. L. Archibeque, H. C. Freetly, N. A. Cole, Calvin Ferrell

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

We hypothesized that oscillation of the dietary CP concentrations would improve efficiency of N use and reduce N loss to the environment. Charolais-cross steers (n = 8; 315 ± 21 kg of BW) were used in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design. The steers were allowed ad libitum access to the following diets: 1) 9.1% CP (low), 2) 11.8% CP (medium), 3) 13.9% CP (high), or 4) low and high oscillated on a 48-h interval on each diet (oscillating). Dry matter intake did not differ among treatments (P = 0.46), but N intake differed (P < 0.01) from 94 (low) to 131 (medium), 142 (high), and 133 g/d (oscillating), as designed. Dry matter digestibility increased (P < 0.01) from 71.8% (low) to 75.8% (medium), 77.7% (high), and 77.5% (oscillating). Nitrogen digestibility increased (P < 0.01) from 62.2% (low) to 67.2% (medium) to 70.1% (high) and 70.9% (oscillating). Nitrogen retention was greater (P < 0.01) in steers fed oscillating (55.0 g/d) than in the steers fed low (34.8 g/ d) or high (40.2 g/d), but N retention of steers fed medium (49.8 g/d) differed (P = 0.02) only from that of steers fed low. Urinary urea N did not differ between steers fed medium (19.5 g/d) or oscillating (21.3 g/d) but was lowest (P < 0.01) for those fed low (8.2 g/d) and greatest for those fed high (39.2 g/d). Daily heat production (kcal/BW^0.75) tended …

Early Investments In Soil Conservation Research Continues To Provide Dividends, J. E. Gilley, D. C. Flanagan

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Current soil conservation programs are built upon an established research legacy. Hugh H. Bennett, chief of the USDA Soil Conservation Service from 1935 to 1951, was instrumental in the establishment of a network of 35 soil conservation experiment stations (SCES). Research projects were initiated at the SCES in the 1930s to investigate the principal factors causing erosion and to identify the most effective and practical methods of controlling soil loss from agricultural areas. Information obtained from the SCES, and selected other locations, was assembled at the National Runoff and Soil Loss Data Center (NRSLDC) established on the campus of Purdue …

Forage News [2007-01], Department Of Plant And Soil Sciences, University Of Kentucky

Forage News

• Forages at KCA
• Gerrish To Speak At HOAGC
• Hay Quality Makes a Difference
• Heart of America Grazing Conference January 24^th and 25^th
• Kentucky Alfalfa Conference: 27 Years & Growing
• National Grazing Conference Features Three Kentucky Producers
• Goats in Kentucky
• Kentucky Agricultural Economy
• Utilizing Sericea Lespedeza as a Goat Forage in Kentucky
• Upcoming Events

America's Lost Landscape: The Tallgrass Prairie Activity Guide, University Of Northern Iowa. Tallgrass Prairie Center.

K-12 Curriculum Supplements

This book is a K-12 curriculum supplement developed by the Tallgrass Prairie Center at the University of Northern Iowa to accompany the film, America's Lost Landscape. The activity guide was used in the educators' workshop held at the University of of Northern Iowa in fall 2007.

Highly Variable Patterns Of Linkage Disequilibrium In Multiple Soybean Populations, D. L. Hyten, Ik-Young Choi, Qijian Song, Randy C. Shoemaker, Randall L. Nelson, Jose M. Costa, James E. Specht, P. B. Cregan

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Prospects for utilizing whole-genome association analysis in autogamous plant populations appear promising due to the reported high levels of linkage disequilibrium (LD). To determine the optimal strategies for implementing association analysis in soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.), we analyzed the structure of LD in three regions of the genome varying in length from 336 to 574 kb. This analysis was conducted in four distinct groups of soybean germplasm: 26 accessions of the wild ancestor of soybean (Glycine soja Seib. et Zucc.); 52 Asian G. max Landraces, the immediate results of domestication from G. soja; 17 Asian Landrace …

Using Geographic Information Systems To Organize And Coordinate Holistic Watershed Resource Management, John M.S. King

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Thesis research explores the use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS), such as ESRI’s ArcGIS and Google Earth, to organize and coordinate statewide, regional, and locally led watershed initiatives in West Virginia. Holistic Watershed Resource Management (HWRM) is an innovative collaborative approach to environmental protection designed to synchronize regional and local environmental assessment and restoration efforts. HWRM success is often attributed to an inclusive decision-making process, which seeks to build and coordinate cooperative partnerships among government agencies, private businesses, educational institutions, and non-profit organizations. A case study of the Morris Creek Watershed Association and detailed surveys of over 100 West Virginia …

Contents, Discovery Editors

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

No abstract provided.

Free-Living Dorylaimid Nematodes From Nature Reserves In Costa Rica. The Genus Pachydorylaimus Siddiqi, 1983, A. Esquivel, P. Guerrero, R. Peña-Santiago, Thomas O. Powers

Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications

A taxonomic study of three species, two known and one new, belonging to the genus Pachydorylaimus Siddiqi, 1983 from natural areas in Costa Rica is presented. Pachydorylaimus holovachovi sp. n. is described and can be distinguished by its body 0.90-1.00 mm long, lip region 14-17 μm wide, odontostyle 13-15 μm long, odontophore morphology with differentiated hyaline spindle-shaped area surrounding its junction to pharyngeal lining but lacking distinct basal flanges, total stylet length 35- 44 μm, pars refringens vaginae absent, V = 43-47, female tail straight and tapering to an acute tip (57- 78 μm, c = 12.5-15.8, c’ = 2.0-3.0), …

Chlorella Viruses Contain Genes Encoding A Complete Polyamine Biosynthetic Pathway, Sascha Baumann, Adrienne Sander, James Gurnon, Giane M. Yanai-Balser, James L. Van Etten, Markus Piotrowski

James Van Etten Publications

Two genes encoding the putative polyamine biosynthetic enzymes agmatine iminohydrolase (AIH) and N-carbamoylputrescine amidohydrolase (CPA) were cloned from the chloroviruses PBCV-1, NY-2A and MT325. They were expressed in Escherichia coli to form C-terminal (His)6-tagged proteins and the recombinant proteins were purified by Ni2+- binding affinity chromatography. The biochemical properties of the two enzymes are similar to AIH and CPA enzymes from Arabidopsis thaliana and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Together with the previously known virus genes encoding ornithine/arginine decarboxlyase (ODC/ADC) and homospermidine synthase, the chloroviruses have genes that encode a complete set of functional enzymes that synthesize the rare polyamine homospermidine from arginine …

Finding Value In Switchgrass Today Through Cattle, John A. Guretzky

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Switchgrass has future potential in the Southern Plains as a dedicated cellulosic biofuels crop. In the near and intermediate terms, an economically viable use for switchgrass needs to be found. In May 2007, the Noble Foundation Agricultural Division successfully established a 30-acre field of switchgrass at the Red River Demonstration and Research Farm. Beginning in April 2008, we will evaluate the utilization and value of switchgrass for stocker cattle. Switchgrass may have value for stockers because of its early spring availability, high yields, perennial life form, wide adaptability and low fertilization requirements.

Second-year stands of switchgrass become available for grazing …

Evects Of In Vivo Exposure To Deet On Blood Feeding Behavior And Fecundity In Anopheles Quadrimaculatus (Diptera: Culicidae), Rui-De Xue, Arshad Ali, Donald R. Barnard

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

This study determined the effects of contact with DEET on guinea pig skin on mortality, probing time, blood feeding rate, engorgement time, and fecundity responses in female Anopheles quadrimaculatus Say. Exposure, in this manner, to 10% DEET (in ethanol) for 5min, resulted in 98% mortality in mosquitoes after 24 h. The median probing time (PT₅₀) required by females, when exposed to 0.1%, 1.0%, and 10% DEET, was significantly (P< 0.0001) longer (12.5, 12.1, and 19.1 s, respectively) than the 6.8 s required by females to probe ethanol-treated skin (control). Similarly, mean blood feeding rates in populations of females exposed to 1.0% DEET for ≤5min (14.4%) was 6x lower (P <0.001) (85.5%) than in females exposed to ethanol-treated skin, whereas the mean engorgement time on skin treated with 1.0% DEET (66.3 s) was significantly shorter (P<0.0001) than for females feeding on the control guinea pigs (105.9 s). The mean number of mature oöcytes per female (fecundity) in treatment (1.0% DEET) and control mosquitoes was not significantly different. The responses to DEET observed in this study suggest that repeated exposure of female A. quadrimaculatus populations to this repellent, in laboratory bioassays, could result in confounding of toxicant and repellent effects and inaccurate estimates of DEET repellency.