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ความสัมพันธ์ระหว่างปัจจัยการทำงานของมารดากับการกำเนิดทารกน้ำหนักน้อย ของสตรีมีครรภ์ที่เข้ารับการคลอดในโรงพยาบาลรัฐบาลเขตจังหวัดระยอง, ลิขสิทธิ์ โสนันทะ Jan 2017

ความสัมพันธ์ระหว่างปัจจัยการทำงานของมารดากับการกำเนิดทารกน้ำหนักน้อย ของสตรีมีครรภ์ที่เข้ารับการคลอดในโรงพยาบาลรัฐบาลเขตจังหวัดระยอง, ลิขสิทธิ์ โสนันทะ

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

การศึกษานี้มีวัตถุประสงค์ เพื่อศึกษาความสัมพันธ์ระหว่างปัจจัยจากการทำงาน อันประกอบด้วย ลักษณะงาน เช่น การยกของหนัก ระยะเวลาการทำงานทั้งหมดในช่วงตั้งครรภ์ ชั่วโมงการทำงานต่อสัปดาห์ การทำงานกะ ชั่วโมงการยืนทำงาน ท่าทางการทำงาน ความเครียด กับการกำเนิดทารกน้ำหนักตัวน้อยของสตรีมีครรภ์ที่มาคลอดในโรงพยาบาลรัฐบาลเขตจังหวัดระยอง วิธีการศึกษา การศึกษาครั้งนี้เป็น hospital-based case-control study กลุ่ม Case ประกอบด้วยมารดาที่คลอดทารกน้ำหนักน้อยจำนวน 66 ราย และกลุ่ม Control ประกอบด้วยมารดาที่คลอดทารกน้ำหนักปกติจำนวน 271 รายในโรงพยาบาลรัฐบาล จำนวน 5 แห่งในจังหวัดระยอง ตั้งแต่ 1 สิงหาคม ถึง 15 พฤศจิกายน 2560 ทำการวิเคราะห์ทางสถิติด้วย Multiple logistic regression ผลการศึกษาพบว่า การสัมผัสความเย็นในงานปานกลาง เป็นปัจจัยป้องกันต่อการคลอดทารกน้ำหนักน้อย 0.31 เท่า (p-value = 0.003) การสัมผัสความเย็นในงานมาก เป็นปัจจัยป้องกันต่อการคลอดทารกน้ำหนักน้อย 0.19 เท่า (p-value = 0.010) เมื่อเทียบกับการสัมผัสความเย็นน้อย การเอี้ยวตัวในการทำงานปานกลาง เป็นปัจจัยเสี่ยงต่อการคลอดทารกน้ำหนักน้อย 2.51 เท่า (p-value = 0.018) เมื่อเทียบกับการเอี้ยวตัวในการทำงานน้อย อายุครรภ์น้อยกว่า 37 สัปดาห์ เป็นปัจจัยเสี่ยงต่อการคลอดทารกน้ำหนักน้อย 12.41 เท่า (p-value < 0.001) การมีประวัติเคยคลอดทารกน้ำหนักน้อย เป็นปัจจัยเสี่ยงต่อการคลอดทารกน้ำหนักน้อย 9.13 เท่า (p-value < 0.001) จากผลการศึกษานี้สรุปได้ว่า สภาวะแวดล้อมการทำงานมีความหลากหลายและขนาดตัวอย่างมีจำนวนจำกัด การศึกษานี้จึงยังไม่สามารถค้นหาปัจจัยด้านการทำงานที่มีความสัมพันธ์กับการกำเนิดทารกน้ำหนักตัวน้อย และควรมีการศึกษาต่อไป


การศึกษาเปรียบเทียบอัตราการเกิดโรคหัวใจและหลอดเลือดระหว่างพนักงานในสำนักงานและพนักงานที่ใช้แรงงานขององค์กรแห่งหนึ่ง, สวนีย์ ศรีเจริญธรรม Jan 2017

การศึกษาเปรียบเทียบอัตราการเกิดโรคหัวใจและหลอดเลือดระหว่างพนักงานในสำนักงานและพนักงานที่ใช้แรงงานขององค์กรแห่งหนึ่ง, สวนีย์ ศรีเจริญธรรม

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

การศึกษานี้เป็นการศึกษา ข้อมูลย้อนหลังจากโครงการ EGAT 2 ซึ่งเก็บข้อมูลระหว่าง ปี พ.ศ. 2541-2558 โดยมีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อวิเคราะห์หาความสัมพันธ์ระหว่าง กลุ่มอาชีพกับการเกิดโรคหัวใจและหลอดเลือด และศึกษาหาปัจจัยเสี่ยงที่มีความสัมพันธ์กับโรคหัวใจและหลอดเลือด โดยวิเคราะห์ข้อมูลด้วยสถิติ Cox's proportional hazards ผลการศึกษาจากผู้เข้าร่วมการศึกษาทั้งสิ้น 2,890 คน พบว่าพนักงานที่ใช้แรงงานมีปัจจัยเสี่ยงของโรคหัวใจและหลอดเลือด ได้แก่ เพศชาย อายุ โรคความดันโลหิตสูง โรคเบาหวาน ค่าไขมันในเลือด การดื่มแอลกอฮอล์ และ การสูบบุหรี่ ซึ่งมากกว่าพนักงานในสำนักงาน โดยอัตราอุบัติการณ์การเกิดโรคหัวใจและหลอดเลือดของพนักงานในสำนักงาน และพนักงานที่ใช้แรงงานเป็น 3.60 และ 5.93 ต่อ 1,000 คน-ปี อัตราเสี่ยงในการเกิดโรคหัวใจและหลอดเลือดของพนักงานที่ใช้แรงงานเป็น 1.647 (95% CI 1.258, 2.157) เท่า เมื่อเทียบกับพนักงานในสำนักงาน แต่เมื่อควบคุมปัจจัยกวน พบว่าอัตราเสี่ยงในการเกิดโรคหัวใจและหลอดเลือดไม่แตกต่างกันระหว่างทั้งสองกลุ่มอาชีพ ผู้วิจัยเสนอแนะให้มีการลดปัจจัยเสี่ยงในการเกิดโรคหัวใจและหลอดเลือดทั้งในพนักงานในสำนักงาน และพนักงานที่ใช้แรงงาน โดยเฉพาะการสูบบุหรี่ และการดื่มแอลกอฮอล์ ในกลุ่มพนักงานที่ใช้แรงงาน และการรณรงค์การออกกำลังกาย และการออกแรงกายระหว่างวันในกลุ่มพนักงานในสำนักงาน


ผลของการออกกำลังกายต่อการไหลเวียนเลือดที่แขนในภาวะน้ำตาลในเลือดสูงหลังรับประทานอาหารในผู้ที่มีความดันโลหิตปกติซึ่งเป็นทายาทของผู้ที่มีความดันโลหิตสูง, วิไลวรรณ จุฑาภักดีกุล Jan 2017

ผลของการออกกำลังกายต่อการไหลเวียนเลือดที่แขนในภาวะน้ำตาลในเลือดสูงหลังรับประทานอาหารในผู้ที่มีความดันโลหิตปกติซึ่งเป็นทายาทของผู้ที่มีความดันโลหิตสูง, วิไลวรรณ จุฑาภักดีกุล

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

วัตถุประสงค์ เพื่อศึกษาผลของการออกกำลังกายที่ระดับความหนักสูงสลับกับปานกลาง ต่อการไหลเวียนเลือดที่แขนในชายสุขภาพดีที่มีความดันโลหิตปกติและเป็นทายาทของผู้ที่มีความดันโลหิตปกติ (ONT) (n=13) เปรียบเทียบกับชายสุขภาพดีที่มีความดันโลหิตปกติและเป็นทายาทของผู้ที่มีความดันโลหิตสูง (OHT) (n=13) ซึ่งการวิจัยเป็นเชิงทดลองแบบสุ่มข้ามกลุ่ม โดยสุ่มแยกอาสาสมัครในแต่ละกลุ่มออกเป็น 2 แบบ โดยแบบที่ 1 ออกกำลังกายก่อนรับประทานน้ำตาล จากนั้นอย่างน้อย 1 สัปดาห์ ตามด้วยการรับประทานน้ำตาลเพียงอย่างเดียว ซึ่งการทดสอบแบบที่ 2 ทำสลับกับแบบที่ 1 โดยอาสาสมัครทั้งหมดได้รับการวัดระดับสูงสุดของการไหลเวียนเลือดที่แขน ก่อนและภายหลังการรับประทานน้ำตาลทุกๆ 30 นาทีจนครบ 4 ชั่วโมงพบว่า หลังการรับประทานน้ำตาลอย่างเดียว ระดับสูงสุดของการไหลเวียนเลือดที่แขนลดลงอย่างมีนัยสำคัญทางสถิติ ในกลุ่ม OHT (23.82±1.39 ml/100ml/min เป็น 20.61±1.75 ml/100ml/min, p<0.01) และในกลุ่ม ONT (26.84±2.47 ml/100ml/min เป็น 24.29±2.58 ml/100ml/min, p<0.01) และการออกกำลังกายก่อนรับประทานน้ำตาลพบว่า ระดับสูงสุดของการไหลเวียนเลือดที่แขนเพิ่มขึ้นอย่างมีนัยสำคัญทางสถิติ ในกลุ่ม OHT (23.72±1.68 ml/100ml/min เป็น 27.25±1.91 ml/100ml/min, p<0.01) และในกลุ่ม ONT (26.74±2.86 ml/100ml/min เป็น 34.07±2.14 ml/100ml/min, p<0.01) ตามลำดับ และเมื่อเปรียบเทียบระหว่างกลุ่ม พบว่าเมื่อกลุ่ม OHT มีค่าระดับสูงสุดของการไหลเวียนเลือดที่แขนเพิ่มขึ้นน้อยกว่ากลุ่ม ONT อย่างมีนัยสำคัญทางสถิติ (p<0.05) จึงสรุปได้ว่าการออกกำลังกายที่ระดับความหนักสูงสลับกับปานกลาง สามารถเพิ่มระดับสูงสุดของการไหลเวียนเลือดที่แขนในภาวะน้ำตาลในเลือดสูงหลังรับประทานน้ำตาล ในคนที่มีความดันโลหิตปกติทั้งที่มีและไม่มีประวัติความดันโลหิตในครอบครัว


Short And Long Chain Free Fatty Acids Differentially Regulate Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 And Peptide Yy Transcript Levels In Enteroendocrine Cells (Stc-1), Colin M. Catherman Jan 2017

Short And Long Chain Free Fatty Acids Differentially Regulate Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 And Peptide Yy Transcript Levels In Enteroendocrine Cells (Stc-1), Colin M. Catherman

Theses and Dissertations

The regulation of glucagon-like peptide-1 and peptide YY hormone levels are regulated based on different influential factors, but primarily levels are dependent upon ingested food content. As meals today become more fat-enriched, there is greater requirement for evaluation of these hormones that regulate insulin and satiety levels within the body. We have shown that the gene expression transcript production of glucagon-like peptide-1 and peptide YY are modulated by different concentrations, and times of short-chain fatty acids and long-chain fatty acids. Although the peptide hormone levels have the influential physiological role on effector tissue, the regulation of these hormones begins at …


Faculty Publications 2016, Lsu Health Sciences Center New Orleans Jan 2017

Faculty Publications 2016, Lsu Health Sciences Center New Orleans

Historical Faculty Publications

This Faculty bibliography contains 791 publications.


Tuberculosis Control In Sindh, Pakistan: Critical Analysis Of Its Implementation, Ali H. Khan Jan 2017

Tuberculosis Control In Sindh, Pakistan: Critical Analysis Of Its Implementation, Ali H. Khan

Medical College Documents

Tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the main health problems despite preventive and control measures that have been taken in the past few decades. It is responsible for almost 8.8 million cases and 1.4 million deaths around the world. Lack of access to TB services is a barrier for empowering TB patients. In a country like Pakistan, controlling TB has become a challenge because of the lack of private sector involvement in a National Tuberculosis Control Program (NTP). Therefore, collaboration is needed between public, private and government sectors in treating TB as well as in improving the quality of the health …


Multiethnic Genome-Wide Meta-Analysis Of Ectopic Fat Depots Identifies Loci Associated With Adipocyte Development And Differentiation, Audrey Y. Chu, Xuan Deng, Virginia A. Fisher, Alexander Drong, Yang Zhang, Mary F. Feitosa, Ching-Ti Liu, Olivia Weeks, Audrey C. Choh, Qing Duan, Thomas D. Dyer Jan 2017

Multiethnic Genome-Wide Meta-Analysis Of Ectopic Fat Depots Identifies Loci Associated With Adipocyte Development And Differentiation, Audrey Y. Chu, Xuan Deng, Virginia A. Fisher, Alexander Drong, Yang Zhang, Mary F. Feitosa, Ching-Ti Liu, Olivia Weeks, Audrey C. Choh, Qing Duan, Thomas D. Dyer

School of Medicine Publications

Variation in body fat distribution contributes to the metabolic sequelae of obesity. The genetic determinants of body fat distribution are poorly understood. The goal of this study was to gain new insights into the underlying genetics of body fat distribution by conducting sample-size weighted fixed-effects genome-wide association meta-analyses in up to 9,594 women and 8,738 men for six ectopic fat traits in European, African, Hispanic, and Chinese ancestry populations, with and without sex stratification. In total, 7 new loci were identified in association with ectopic fat traits (ATXN1, UBE2E2, EBF1, RREB1, GSDMB, GRAMD3 and ENSA; PATXN1 and UBE2E2 …


The Skin Microbiome: Impact Of Modern Environments On Skin Ecology, Barrier Integrity, And Systemic Immune Programming, Susan Prescott, Danica-Lea Larcombe, Alan Logan, Christina West, Wesley Burks, Luis Caraballo, Michael Levin, Eddie Van Etten, Pierre Horwitz, Anita Kozyrskyj, Dianne Campbell Jan 2017

The Skin Microbiome: Impact Of Modern Environments On Skin Ecology, Barrier Integrity, And Systemic Immune Programming, Susan Prescott, Danica-Lea Larcombe, Alan Logan, Christina West, Wesley Burks, Luis Caraballo, Michael Levin, Eddie Van Etten, Pierre Horwitz, Anita Kozyrskyj, Dianne Campbell

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Skin barrier structure and function is essential to human health. Hitherto unrecognized functions of epidermal keratinocytes show that the skin plays an important role in adapting whole-body physiology to changing environments, including the capacity to produce a wide variety of hormones, neurotransmitters and cytokine that can potentially influence whole-body states, and quite possibly, even emotions. Skin microbiota play an integral role in the maturation and homeostatic regulation of keratinocytes and host immune networks with systemic implications. As our primary interface with the external environment, the biodiversity of skin habitats is heavily influenced by the biodiversity of the ecosystems in which …


Comparative Genomic Analysis Of Two Serotype 1/2b Listeria Monocytogenes Isolates From Analogous Environmental Niches Demonstrates The Influence Of Hypervariable Hotspots In Defining Pathogenesis, Aidan Casey, Kieran Jordan, Aidan Coffey, Edward M. Fox, Olivia Mcauliffe Dec 2016

Comparative Genomic Analysis Of Two Serotype 1/2b Listeria Monocytogenes Isolates From Analogous Environmental Niches Demonstrates The Influence Of Hypervariable Hotspots In Defining Pathogenesis, Aidan Casey, Kieran Jordan, Aidan Coffey, Edward M. Fox, Olivia Mcauliffe

Department of Biological Sciences Publications

The vast majority of clinical human listeriosis cases are caused by serotype 1/2a, 1/2b, 1/2c, and 4b isolates of Listeria monocytogenes. The ability of L. monocytogenes to establish a systemic listeriosis infection within a host organism relies on a combination of genes that are involved in cell recognition, internalization, evasion of host defenses, and in vitro survival and growth. Recently, whole genome sequencing and comparative genomic analysis have proven to be powerful tools for the identification of these virulence-associated genes in L. monocytogenes. In this study, two serotype 1/2b strains of L. monocytogenes with analogous isolation sources, but …


The Vibrio Cholerae Minor Pilin Tcpb Initiates Assembly And Retraction Of The Toxin-Coregulated Pilus, Dixon Ng, Tony Harn, Tuba Altindal, Subramania Kolappan, Jarrad Marles, Rajan Lala, Ingrid Spielman, Yang Gao, Caitlyn Hauke, Gabriela Kovacikova Dec 2016

The Vibrio Cholerae Minor Pilin Tcpb Initiates Assembly And Retraction Of The Toxin-Coregulated Pilus, Dixon Ng, Tony Harn, Tuba Altindal, Subramania Kolappan, Jarrad Marles, Rajan Lala, Ingrid Spielman, Yang Gao, Caitlyn Hauke, Gabriela Kovacikova

Dartmouth Scholarship

Type IV pilus (T4P) systems are complex molecular machines that polymerize major pilin proteins into thin filaments displayed on bacterial surfaces. Pilus functions require rapid extension and depolymerization of the pilus, powered by the assembly and retraction ATPases, respectively. A set of low abundance minor pilins influences pilus dynamics by unknown mechanisms. The Vibrio cholerae toxin-coregulated pilus (TCP) is among the simplest of the T4P systems, having a single minor pilin TcpB and lacking a retraction ATPase. Here we show that TcpB, like its homolog CofB, initiates pilus assembly. TcpB co-localizes with the pili but at extremely low levels, equivalent …


Changes In Mitochondrial Homeostasis And Redox Status In Astronauts Following Long Stays In Space, Hiroko P. Indo, Hideyuki J. Majima, Masahiro Terada, Shigeaki Suenaga, Kazuo Tomita, Shin Yamada, Akira Higashibata, Noriaki Ishioka, Takuro Kanekura, Ikuya Nonaka, Clare L. Hawkins, Michael J. Davies, Daret K. St Clair, Chiaki Mukai Dec 2016

Changes In Mitochondrial Homeostasis And Redox Status In Astronauts Following Long Stays In Space, Hiroko P. Indo, Hideyuki J. Majima, Masahiro Terada, Shigeaki Suenaga, Kazuo Tomita, Shin Yamada, Akira Higashibata, Noriaki Ishioka, Takuro Kanekura, Ikuya Nonaka, Clare L. Hawkins, Michael J. Davies, Daret K. St Clair, Chiaki Mukai

Toxicology and Cancer Biology Faculty Publications

The effects of long-term exposure to extreme space conditions on astronauts were investigated by analyzing hair samples from ten astronauts who had spent six months on the International Space Station (ISS). Two samples were collected before, during and after their stays in the ISS; hereafter, referred to as Preflight, Inflight and Postflight, respectively. The ratios of mitochondrial (mt) to nuclear (n) DNA and mtRNA to nRNA were analyzed via quantitative PCR. The combined data of Preflight, Inflight and Postflight show a significant reduction in the mtDNA/nDNA in Inflight, and significant reductions in the mtRNA/nRNA ratios in both the Inflight and …


Motility And Adhesion Through Type Iv Pili In Gram-Positive Bacteria, Kurt H. Piepenbrink, Eric J. Sundberg Dec 2016

Motility And Adhesion Through Type Iv Pili In Gram-Positive Bacteria, Kurt H. Piepenbrink, Eric J. Sundberg

Food for Health: Publications

Type IV pili are hair-like bacterial surface appendages that play a role in diverse processes such as cellular adhesion, colonization, twitching motility, biofilm formation, and horizontal gene transfer. These extracellular fibers are composed exclusively or primarily of many copies of one or more pilin proteins, tightly packed in a helix so that the highly hydrophobic amino-terminus of the pilin is buried in the pilus core. Type IV pili have been characterized extensively in Gram-negative bacteria, and recent advances in high-throughput genomic sequencing have revealed that they are also widespread in Gram-positive bacteria. Here, we review the current state of knowledge …


An Examination Into The Relationship Between Iron Deficiency And Postpartum Depression, Sara A. Burroughs Dec 2016

An Examination Into The Relationship Between Iron Deficiency And Postpartum Depression, Sara A. Burroughs

Senior Honors Theses

Postpartum depression is recognized as the most common complication of childbearing; however, its etiology remains fairly undetermined. Many different influences have been hypothesized as to what may cause postpartum depression, including changes in levels of various hormones (such as estrogen and progesterone), a decrease in serotonin, low levels of vitamin D, social factors, and iron deficiency. The lack of strong evidence for one specific cause makes it fairly clear that there are many factors that play a role in the development of postpartum depression. Iron deficiency is one issue that is thought to contribute to the development of postpartum depression …


Efficient Method For Transfer Of Microinjected Eggs To Mouse Ampulla For Generating Transgenic Mice, Guang Wen, Jin Di, Qian Li, Jianling Chen, Ling Jin, Cheng Wang, Sanqing Xu Dec 2016

Efficient Method For Transfer Of Microinjected Eggs To Mouse Ampulla For Generating Transgenic Mice, Guang Wen, Jin Di, Qian Li, Jianling Chen, Ling Jin, Cheng Wang, Sanqing Xu

Publications and Research

Background: The new method described here is highly efficient in transferring microinjected mouse eggs (MEs) through the bursa membrane of a surrogate mother mouse to the ampulla of the oviduct without damaging the blood vessels on the bursa membrane.

Results: This method causes no loss of blood, and it produces newborn pups/founders from approximately 70% of the transferred MEs, because only a small hole is made on the blood vessel–free area of the bursa membrane and ampulla of the surrogate mother mouse. The infundibulum remains intact. The small hole on the bursa membrane/ ampulla may already heal up before the …


Glutathione Species And Metabolomic Prints In Subjects With Liver Disease As Biological Markers For The Detection Of Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Juan R. Sanabria, Rajan S. Kombu, Guo-Fang Zhang, Yana Sandlers, Jizhou Ai, Rafael A. Ibarra, Rime Abbas, Kush Goyal, Henri Brunengraber Dec 2016

Glutathione Species And Metabolomic Prints In Subjects With Liver Disease As Biological Markers For The Detection Of Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Juan R. Sanabria, Rajan S. Kombu, Guo-Fang Zhang, Yana Sandlers, Jizhou Ai, Rafael A. Ibarra, Rime Abbas, Kush Goyal, Henri Brunengraber

Surgery

Background: The incidence of liver disease is increasing in USA. Animal models had shown glutathione species in plasma reflects liver glutathione state and it could be a surrogate for the detection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Methods: The present study aimed to translate methods to the human and to explore the role of glutathione/metabolic prints in the progression of liver dysfunction and in the detection of HCC. Treated plasma from healthy subjects (n = 20), patients with liver disease (ESLD, n = 99) and patients after transplantation (LTx, n = 7) were analyzed by GC- or LC/MS. Glutathione labeling profile was …


Oral Carbohydrate Administration Prior To Colorectal Surgery: Practice Change Outcomes And Economic Analysis, Joshua Kendrick Ezelle Dec 2016

Oral Carbohydrate Administration Prior To Colorectal Surgery: Practice Change Outcomes And Economic Analysis, Joshua Kendrick Ezelle

Doctoral Projects

Difference in recovery times has been an interest of mine for many years. I observed that an open heart surgery routinely recovered and discharged on the third post-op day, while a colorectal patient often required a hospital stay of five to ten days. I began researching recovery methods of colorectal patients. I found enhanced recovery techniques like decreased narcotic, use of NSAID’s, early ambulation, and the use of medications that assist with bowel peristalsis are being employed nationally. Other techniques are now starting to be used with positive results. One of these is Carb-loading. Carb-loading is the oral intake of …


Dissecting The Physiological Roles Of Ulk1/2 In The Mouse Brain, Bo Wang Dec 2016

Dissecting The Physiological Roles Of Ulk1/2 In The Mouse Brain, Bo Wang

Theses and Dissertations (ETD)

Mammalian UNC-51–like kinases 1 and 2 (ULK1 and ULK2), Caenorhabditis elegans UNC-51 and Drosophila melanogaster Atg1 are redundant serine/threonine kinases that regulate flux through the autophagy pathway in response to various types of cellular stress. C. elegans UNC-51 and D. melanogaster Atg1 also promote axonal growth and defasciculation, and disruption of these genes results in defects in axon guidance in invertebrates. Germline Ulk1/2-deficient mice die perinatally. Therefore, we used a conditional-knockout approach to investigate the roles of ULK1/2 in the brain. Mice lacking Ulk1 and Ulk2 in their central nervous systems (CNS) showed defects in axonal pathfinding and defasciculation affecting …


Investigation Of Radiation Injury In The Esophagus From Definitive Chemoradiation Therapy Using Novel Imaging Biomarkers, Joshua S. Niedzielski Dec 2016

Investigation Of Radiation Injury In The Esophagus From Definitive Chemoradiation Therapy Using Novel Imaging Biomarkers, Joshua S. Niedzielski

Dissertations and Theses (Open Access)

Radiation injury in the esophagus occurs with high frequency from the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Radiation esophagitis is an acute normal tissue toxicity that negatively affects treatment efficacy by limiting dose and potentially interrupting radiation therapy. Clinical quantification of this toxicity is typically achieved by utilizing physician grading scales, assigning complication severity on an ordinal scale of symptom presentation and/or physician chosen interventions. These criteria are subjective in nature, both from the physician assigning the grade and the patient reporting the symptom. Furthermore, radiation therapy planning guidelines for the esophagus are derived from toxicity prediction models utilizing …


Perceptual Variations In Thermoregulation During Exercise In A Hot Environment, William C. Alger Dec 2016

Perceptual Variations In Thermoregulation During Exercise In A Hot Environment, William C. Alger

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

ABSTRACT

Professionals are seeking to find ways to prevent exertional heat illness (EHI) in populations working in hot environments as well as populations that are physically active. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate individuals’ ability to accurately perceive core temperature ranges associated with homeothermic and EHI temperatures during exercise. Ten physically active males exercised on a treadmill at a self-selected rate until core temperature reached 39°C. Participants rated perceived core and skin temperature on 100 mm scales each time core temperature increased 0.25˚ C (37.5-39.0˚ C), along with thermal comfort and sweating sensation. During exercise core temperature …


Dietary Nitrate Acutely And Markedly Increased Exhaled Nitric Oxide In A Cystic Fibrosis Case, Conor Kerley, Emma Kilbride, Peter Greally, Basil Elnazir Dec 2016

Dietary Nitrate Acutely And Markedly Increased Exhaled Nitric Oxide In A Cystic Fibrosis Case, Conor Kerley, Emma Kilbride, Peter Greally, Basil Elnazir

Articles

Airway nitric oxide (NO) is a ubiquitous signaling molecule with bronchoprotective, antiinflammatory and anti-infective roles. Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a chronic lung condition associated with deceased exhaled NO. Strategies to increase exhaled NO in CF have yielded inconsistent results. A potential new method of increasing systemic NO involves ingestion of dietary, inorganic nitrate which is reduced to nitrite and NO. We present the case of a 12 year-old, athletic male with CF who demonstrated acute but marked increases in exhaled NO following dietary nitrate consumption compared to placebo.


Effect Of The Butyrate Prodrug Pivaloyloxymethyl Butyrate (An9) On A Mouse Model For Spinal Muscular Atrophy., Jonathan D. Edwards, Matthew E.R. Butchbach Nov 2016

Effect Of The Butyrate Prodrug Pivaloyloxymethyl Butyrate (An9) On A Mouse Model For Spinal Muscular Atrophy., Jonathan D. Edwards, Matthew E.R. Butchbach

Department of Pediatrics Faculty Papers

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is an early-onset motor neuron disease that leads to loss of muscle function. Butyrate (BA)-based compounds markedly improve the survival and motor phenotype of SMA mice. In this study, we examine the protective effects of the BA prodrug pivaloyloxymethyl butyrate (AN9) on the survival of SMNΔ7 SMA mice. Oral administration of AN9 beginning at PND04 almost doubled the average lifespan of SMNΔ7 SMA mice. AN9 treatment also increased the growth rate of SMNΔ7 SMA mice when compared to vehicle-treated SMNΔ7 SMA mice. In conclusion, BA prodrugs like AN9 have ameliorative effects on SMNΔ7 SMA mice.


A Generalized Framework For Computational Design And Mutational Scanning Of T-Cell Receptor Binding Interfaces, Timothy P. Riley, Cory M. Ayres, Lance M. Hellman, Nishant K. Singh, Michael Cosiano, Jennifer M. Cimons, Michael J. Anderson, Kurt H. Piepenbrink, Brian G. Pierce, Zhiping Weng, Brian M. Baker Nov 2016

A Generalized Framework For Computational Design And Mutational Scanning Of T-Cell Receptor Binding Interfaces, Timothy P. Riley, Cory M. Ayres, Lance M. Hellman, Nishant K. Singh, Michael Cosiano, Jennifer M. Cimons, Michael J. Anderson, Kurt H. Piepenbrink, Brian G. Pierce, Zhiping Weng, Brian M. Baker

Food for Health: Publications

T-cell receptors (TCRs) have emerged as a new class of therapeutics, most prominently for cancer where they are the key components of new cellular therapies as well as soluble biologics. Many studies have generated high affinity TCRs in order to enhance sensitivity. Recent outcomes, however, have suggested that fine manipulation of TCR binding, with an emphasis on specificity may be more valuable than large affinity increments. Structure-guided design is ideally suited for this role, and here we studied the generality of structure-guided design as applied to TCRs. We found that a previous approach, which successfully optimized the binding of a …


Functional Validation Of Novel Compound Heterozygous Variants In B3gat3 Resulting In Severe Osteopenia And Fractures: Expanding The Disease Phenotype., Florian Job, Shuji Mizumoto, Laurie Smith, Natario Couser, Ashley Brazil, Howard Saal, Melanie Patterson, Margaret Gibson, Sarah E. Soden, Neil A. Miller, Isabelle Thiffault, Carol J. Saunders, Shuhei Yamada, Katrin Hoffmann, Kazuyuki Sugahara, Emily G. Farrow Nov 2016

Functional Validation Of Novel Compound Heterozygous Variants In B3gat3 Resulting In Severe Osteopenia And Fractures: Expanding The Disease Phenotype., Florian Job, Shuji Mizumoto, Laurie Smith, Natario Couser, Ashley Brazil, Howard Saal, Melanie Patterson, Margaret Gibson, Sarah E. Soden, Neil A. Miller, Isabelle Thiffault, Carol J. Saunders, Shuhei Yamada, Katrin Hoffmann, Kazuyuki Sugahara, Emily G. Farrow

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

BACKGROUND: A new disease class of syndromes, described as linkeropathies, which are derived from defects in the glycosaminoglycan-linker region as well as glycosaminoglycan-side chains of proteoglycans is increasingly being recognized as a cause of human disease. Proteoglycans are an essential component of the extracellular matrix. Defects in the enzymatic process of proteoglycan synthesis broadly occur due to the incorrect addition of side chains. Previously, homozygous missense variants within the B3GAT3 gene encoding beta 1,3 glucuronyltransferase 3(GlcAT-I) responsible for the biosynthesis of glycosaminoglycans have been described in 7 individuals.

CASE PRESENTATION: In this study, a 4-year-old patient with a severe phenotype …


Prevalence And Incidence Of Neurological Disorders Among Adult Ugandans In Rural And Urban Mukono District; A Cross-Sectional Study, Michael Devereaux, Anthony Furlan, Martha Sajatovic Nov 2016

Prevalence And Incidence Of Neurological Disorders Among Adult Ugandans In Rural And Urban Mukono District; A Cross-Sectional Study, Michael Devereaux, Anthony Furlan, Martha Sajatovic

Faculty Scholarship

Background: The burden of neurological diseases is increasing in developing countries. However, there is a prominent scarcity of literature on the incidence of neurological diseases in sub-Saharan Africa. This study was therefore undertaken to determine the prevalence and incidence of neurological diseases in this setting to serve as a baseline for planning and care for neurological disorders in Uganda. Methods: The study was conducted within rural and urban Mukono district, east of Kampala city of Uganda, central region. Over a period of six months, a cross sectional survey was conducted and screening was performed using a standardized questionnaire. All subjects …


The Effects Of Synthetic And Dietary Therapeutics On Learning, Memory, Motor Coordination, And Seizure In An Angelman Syndrome Mouse Model, Stephanie Lynn Ciarlone Nov 2016

The Effects Of Synthetic And Dietary Therapeutics On Learning, Memory, Motor Coordination, And Seizure In An Angelman Syndrome Mouse Model, Stephanie Lynn Ciarlone

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Angelman syndrome (AS) is a rare genetic and neurological disorder presenting with severe developmental delay, ataxia, epilepsy, and lack of speech. AS is associated with a neuron-specific loss of function of the maternal UBE3A allele, a gene encoding an E3 ubiquitin ligase. Currently, no cure exists for this disorder; however, recent research using an AS mouse model suggests that pharmacological intervention is plausible, and can alleviate some of the detrimental phenotypes reported in AS patients.

Although there is no curative treatment for AS, seizure medication and behavioral therapies are most commonly prescribed in order to minimize symptoms. However, these options …


Epoxyeicosatrienoic Acids Regulate Adipocyte Differentiation Of Mouse 3t3 Cells, Via Pgc-1Α Activation, Which Is Required For Ho-1 Expression And Increased Mitochondrial Function, Maayan Waldman, Lars Bellner, Luca Vanella, Joseph Schragenheim, Komal Sodhi, Shailendra P. Singh, Daohong Lin, Anand Lakhkar, Jiangwei Li, Edith Hochhauser, Michael Arad, Zbigniew Darzynkiewicz, Attallah Kappas, Nader G. Abraham Nov 2016

Epoxyeicosatrienoic Acids Regulate Adipocyte Differentiation Of Mouse 3t3 Cells, Via Pgc-1Α Activation, Which Is Required For Ho-1 Expression And Increased Mitochondrial Function, Maayan Waldman, Lars Bellner, Luca Vanella, Joseph Schragenheim, Komal Sodhi, Shailendra P. Singh, Daohong Lin, Anand Lakhkar, Jiangwei Li, Edith Hochhauser, Michael Arad, Zbigniew Darzynkiewicz, Attallah Kappas, Nader G. Abraham

Biochemistry and Microbiology

Epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (EET) contributes to browning of white adipose stem cells to ameliorate obesity/diabetes and insulin resistance. In the current study, we show that EET altered preadipocyte function, enhanced peroxisome proliferation-activated receptor γ coactivator α (PGC-1α) expression, and increased mitochondrial function in the 3T3-L1 preadipocyte subjected to adipogenesis. Cells treated with EET resulted in an increase, P < 0.05, in PGC-1α and a decrease in mitochondria-derived ROS (MitoSox), P < 0.05. The EET increase in heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) levels is dependent on activation of PGC-1α as cells deficient in PGC-1α (PGC-1α knockout adipocyte cell) have an impaired ability to express HO-1, P < 0.02. Additionally, adipocytes treated with EET exhibited an increase in mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (SOD) in a PGC-1α-dependent manner, P < 0.05. The increase in PGC-1α was associated with an increase in β-catenin, P < 0.05, adiponectin expression, P < 0.05, and lipid accumulation, P < 0.02. EET decreased heme levels and mitochondria-derived ROS (MitoSox), P < 0.05, compared to adipocytes that were untreated. EET also decreased mesoderm-specific transcript (MEST) mRNA and protein levels (P < 0.05). Adipocyte secretion of EET act in an autocrine/paracrine manner to increase PGC-1α is required for activation of HO-1 expression. This is the first study to dissect the mechanism by which the antiadipogenic and anti-inflammatory lipid, EET, induces the PGC-1α signaling cascade and reprograms the adipocyte phenotype by regulating mitochondrial function and HO-1 expression, leading to an increase in healthy, that is, small, adipocytes and a decrease in adipocyte enlargement and terminal differentiation. This is manifested by an increase in mitochondrial function and an increase in the canonical Wnt signaling cascade during adipocyte proliferation and terminal differentiation.


Current And Emerging Uses Of Statins In Clinical Therapeutics: A Review, Jonathan T. Davies, Spencer F. Delfino, Chad E. Feinberg, Meghan F. Johnson, Veronica L. Nappi, Joshua T. Olinger, Anthony P. Schwab, Hollie I. Swanson Nov 2016

Current And Emerging Uses Of Statins In Clinical Therapeutics: A Review, Jonathan T. Davies, Spencer F. Delfino, Chad E. Feinberg, Meghan F. Johnson, Veronica L. Nappi, Joshua T. Olinger, Anthony P. Schwab, Hollie I. Swanson

Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences Faculty Publications

Statins, a class of cholesterol-lowering medications that inhibit 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A reductase, are commonly administered to treat atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Statin use may expand considerably given its potential for treating an array of cholesterol-independent diseases. However, the lack of conclusive evidence supporting these emerging therapeutic uses of statins brings to the fore a number of unanswered questions including uncertainties regarding patient-to-patient variability in response to statins, the most appropriate statin to be used for the desired effect, and the efficacy of statins in treating cholesterol-independent diseases. In this review, the adverse effects, costs, and drug–drug and drug–food interactions associated with statin …


Toxic Environmental Exposures And Kidney Health In Children., Darcy K. Weidemann, Virginia M. Weaver, Jeffrey J. Fadrowski Nov 2016

Toxic Environmental Exposures And Kidney Health In Children., Darcy K. Weidemann, Virginia M. Weaver, Jeffrey J. Fadrowski

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

High-level exposures to a number of agents are known to have direct nephrotoxic effects in children. A growing body of literature supports the hypothesis that chronic, relatively low-level exposure to various nephrotoxicants may also increase the risk for chronic kidney disease (CKD) or accelerate its progression. In this review we highlight several environmental nephrotoxicants and their association with CKD in children and adolescents. We also discuss unique epidemiological challenges in the use of kidney biomarkers in environmental nephrotoxicology.


The Relevance Of Sex Differences In Performance Fatigability, Sandra K. Hunter Nov 2016

The Relevance Of Sex Differences In Performance Fatigability, Sandra K. Hunter

Exercise Science Faculty Research and Publications

Performance fatigability differs between men and women for a range of fatiguing tasks. Women are usually less fatigable than men, and this is most widely described for isometric fatiguing contractions and some dynamic tasks. The sex difference in fatigability is specific to the task demands so that one mechanism is not universal, including any sex differences in skeletal muscle physiology, muscle perfusion, and voluntary activation. However, there are substantial knowledge gaps about the task dependency of the sex differences in fatigability, the involved mechanisms, and the relevance to clinical populations and with advanced age. The knowledge gaps are in part …


Lack Of Association Between Slc30a8 Variants And Type 2 Diabetes In Mexican American Families, Hemant Kulkarni, Manju Mamtani, Juan M. Peralta, Vincent P. Diego, Thomas D. Dyer, Harald H. H. Goring, Laura Almasy, Sarah Williams-Blangero, Michael C. Mahaney, Ravindranath Duggirala, Joanne E. Curran, John Blangero Nov 2016

Lack Of Association Between Slc30a8 Variants And Type 2 Diabetes In Mexican American Families, Hemant Kulkarni, Manju Mamtani, Juan M. Peralta, Vincent P. Diego, Thomas D. Dyer, Harald H. H. Goring, Laura Almasy, Sarah Williams-Blangero, Michael C. Mahaney, Ravindranath Duggirala, Joanne E. Curran, John Blangero

School of Medicine Publications

SLC30A8 encodes zinc transporter 8 which is involved in packaging and release of insulin. Evidence for the association of SLC30A8 variants with type 2 diabetes (T2D) is inconclusive. We interrogated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) around SLC30A8 for association with T2D in high-risk, pedigreed individuals from extended Mexican American families. This study of 118 SNPs within 50 kb of the SLC30A8 locus tested the association with eight T2D-related traits at four levels: (i) each SNP using measured genotype approach (MGA); (ii) interaction of SNPs with age and sex; (iii) combinations of SNPs using Bayesian Quantitative Trait Nucleotide (BQTN) analyses; and (iv) …