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Changes In Feeding And Crawling Rates Of Hydrobia Truncata (Prosobranchia: Hydrobiidae) In Response To Sedimentary Chlorophyll-A And Recently Egested Sediment, Valery E. Forbes, Glenn R. Lopez

Valery Forbes Publications

Experiments combining fluorescent particle tracer techniques with time-lapse video recording demonstrated that the gastropod Hydrobia truncata decreases crawling rate on patches rich in chlorophyll-a, while maintaining a constant feeding rate as sedimentary chlorophyll-a content varies. In contrast, H. truncata decreases feeding rate but does not change crawling rate upon encounter with patches of recently egested sediment. Depression of feeding rate is less pronounced if the egested material is enriched in chlorophyll-a. For deposit feeders inhabiting highly reworked sediments, the majority of available material may consist of sediment that has been recently egested. For an animal that responds negatively to recently …

Ovulation Rate Of Ewes : Role Of Energy And Protein, E Teleni, J. B. Rowe

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Western Australia's sheep farmers are familiar with the low ovulation rate of Merino ewes and how this limits the lambing performance of ewe flocks.

One way in which ovulation rate and therefore lambing percentage may be increased is to feed seed of sweet lupin (Lupinus augustifolius) to ewes at mating. However, Department of Agriculture research has found that these increases do not show up consistently, and that there is considerable variability between farms.

If improved nutrition is to be a useful way to increasing ovulation rate, the mechanism by which nutrition affects ovulation rate must first be understood. This article …

Supplementary Feeds For Sheep, J B. Rowe

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

No abstract provided.

Wool Staple Strength, I G. Ralph

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

The staple strength of western Australia's wool has come under scruitiny since additional wool measurements to those of yield, fibre diameter and vegetable matter began throughout the Australian 985-86 wool selling season.

In 1980, the Sale by Additional Measurement Trial conducted on the September-October wool sales at Fremantle showed a range in staple breaking forcesfrom 10 to 70 Newtons per kilotex, with an average breaking force of between 30 and 35 N/ktex, A third of the lots offered for sale had a staple breaking force of less than 26 N/ktex, a value which, according to the Australian Wool Testing Authority, …

Genetic Evaluation Of Holsteins In Columbia, B. Y. Abubakar, R. E. Mcdowell, L. Dale Van Vleck

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Original data consisted of 31,777 records of progeny of 1442 sires for calvings between 1975 and 1983. Unadjusted means for milk yield (kg), days in milk, days dry, calving interval, days carried calf, and age at calving were 4281, 267, 88, 421, 145, and 36.6. Estimated total variance for first lactation milk yield by Henderson's method 3 was 1,385,436 kg 2 with sire and error variances accounting for 1.8 and 98.2%. Heritabilities for milk yield, lactation length, age at calving, and days carried calf were .07, .06, 2.59, and .01. High estimate for age was attributed to confounding of sires …

The Effects Of Rate Of Change In Body Weight On Tissue Development And Meat Quality Of Youthful Bulls, J. D. Crouse, Chris R. Calkins, S. C. Seideman

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Forty-eight Angus bulls about 13 mo of age were used to study the effects of rate of change in live weight on muscle fiber, collagen and sensory characteristics of meat. Bulls were fed a finishing diet before treatment, and assigned to three treatments: 1) negative, 2) zero or 3) positive weight gain for 30 or 60 d prior to slaughter. Treatments were imposed by adjusting feed intake. Seventy-two hours after slaughter, carcasses were observed for quality and yield grade characteristics and longissimus muscle samples were obtained for fiber type, collagen and sensory characterization. Carcass lean at the 12th rib interface …

The Effects Of Sorbic Acid In High Moisture Sorghum Grain Diets On Performance Of Weanling Swine, J. D. Crenshaw, E. R. Peo, Jr., A. J. Lewis, N. R. Schneider

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Three experiments were conducted with 288 weanling pigs to determine the effects of sorbic acid (SA) added to dry (DSG), high moisture (HMSG) or reconstituted (RSG) sorghum grain diets on gains and feed conversion. Dietary treatments for Exp. 1 were: DSG with and without .1% SA; HMSG with .1% SA and RSG with .1% SA. The DSG diets were fed ad libitum. The HMSG and RSG diets were mixed fresh from oxygen-limiting storage every 3 and 7 d and were also fed ad libitum. Pigs fed RSG diets consumed more feed than those fed HMSG diets (P<.08). Performance was similar between pigs fed DSG diets without or with SA. Dietary treatments for Exp. 2 and 3 consisted of sorghum grains reconstituted to two moisture contents (MC), with additions of either 0, .05 or .I% SA. The diets were mixed fresh from oxygen-limiting storage every 7 d and fed ad libitum. In Exp. 2 and 3, pigs fed the higher MC diets were more efficient in feed conversion (P<.03) than those fed the lower MC diets. In Exp. 3, a quadratic response (P<.04) for average daily gain and average daily feed intake was observed for the main effect of SA. Feed efficiency improved (P<.05) in a linear fashion as SA levels were increased in the diets. The results of these experiments indicate that weanling pigs may be fed HMSG or RSG without adverse effects on pig performance. Inconsistencies in pig response to SA were observed. Feed temperature measurements indicated that SA prevented heat production in the RSG diets for at least 10 d after removal from oxygen-limiting storage, while diets without SA became moldy within 5 d.

Soil Science Research Report - 1986

Soil Science Research Reports

Wheat Experiments

Effect of Long Term Seed and Broadcast P on Winter Wheat Yields .......... 1

Effect of Method and Time of P Application on Winter Wheat Grain yield .......... 3

Corn Experiments

BKR Demonstration Farm - Comparison of Lime Sources and Rates in a Corn-Soybean Rotation .......... 5

Effect of Band Spacing on the Effectiveness of Dual Placed N and P on Corn Yield and P Uptake .......... 8

Effect of Broadcast Phosphorus on P Response of Ridge-Planted Corn .......... 10

High Yield Corn-Soybean-Wheat Rotation Study .......... 12

The Influence of Soil Bulk Density, Soil Water Regime and Fertilization …

G86-794 Enterotoxemia In Lambs, Dale M. Grotelueschen, Duane N. Rice

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide discusses the causes, clinical signs, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention methods of this potentially fatal disease.

Enterotoxemia, which is also known as "overeating" or "pulpy kidney" disease, is a highly significant and costly disease problem for the sheep industry. Proper preventive practices are strongly recommended to sheep producers in order to avoid death loss from this disease.

The word "enterotoxemia" can be broken down into three parts that can be an aid in understanding the disease. The term "entero" refers to intestine; "tox" refers to toxin or poison; and "emia" refers to blood. Thus, from "intestinal toxin in the …

Illustrated Guide To Integrated Pest Management In Rice In Tropical Asia, W. H. Reissig, Elvis A. Heinrichs, J. A. Litsinger, K. Moody, L. Fieldler, T. W. Mew, A. T. Barrion

Entomology Papers from Other Sources

In the past, farmers in tropical Asia grew traditional rice cultivars and either relied primarily on cultural, mechanical, and physical methods of pest control or practiced no pest control. Pesticide application was limited because the yield potential of traditional varieties was too low to justify additional investments. Although pests destroyed part of each crop, severe outbreaks or epidemics were rare.

The widespread introduction of high-yielding rice cultivars in Asia in the last two decades and the associated changes in production practices have improved conditions for insects, diseases, weeds, and rodents. The higher yield potential of the new rices also made …

G86-819 At What Weight Should Holstein Heifers Freshen?, Jeffrey F. Keown

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This guide offers research findings on the appro-priate weights for Holstein heifer freshening and sug-gests producers be aware of economic considerations involved in heifer freshening.

Most producers realize that the weight of a heifer at freshening affects the amount of milk produced during the first lactation. Heifers not fed balanced nutritional diets before freshening will not produce at an optimum level since they do not have the body reserves to maintain peak produc-tion. Likewise, a heifer that freshens very heavy will not pro-duce as much as she should because she is too heavy. There must be a break-even point at …

G86-820 How To Maximize Income By Managing Days Dry, Jeffrey F. Keown

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This guide discusses the benefits of maintaining the optimum calving interval and offers suggestions for accomplishing this reproductive management technique.

Most dairy producers are aware that an optimum calving interval is 365 days. This is a normal lactation length of 305 days with a dry period of 60 days. This interval is often looked at as a goal to strive toward rather than a goal that must be reached to maximize income from the sale of milk.

Wood Anatomy Of Cassiope (Ericaceae), Gary D. Wallace

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

Wood anatomical characteristics for 21 taxa of Cassiope are reported. Qualitative features differ somewhat from the general pattern of the Ericaceae. However, considerable deviation is found in the quantitative aspects of the wood features. The stems are very slender with narrow growth rings evident in all but one species. Vessel elements are very small and usually have scalariform perforation plates with several bars. Vessels are extremely abundant in transection. Vascular rays are mostly uniseriate with a few biseriates and all are composed exclusively of erect cells. The imperforate elements are tracheids which are the only conductive elements in the late …

Serradella Prospects At Esperance, Michael D A Bolland

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Yellow serradells is a promising introduced annual legume suitable for some of Western Australia's well drained sandy acid soils where other pasture legumes failto persist.

In the Esperance area serradella grows siccessfully on some sandy soils more than 0.5 metres deep. I develops deep roots rapidly - up to three times deeper than subterranean clover - and this is probably the main reason for its persistance.

At present only two late maturing, registered serradella cultivars are available to farmers in southern Australia. This article describes research at Esperance to delect earlier flowering cultivars for persistence in areas with less than …

Reproductive Wastage In Sheep, R W. Kelly

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

The average lambing performance of Western Australia's ewe flock fluctuates between 60 and 70 per cent. Although this level of performance and variation between years is important for the sheep industry, individual farmers are more concerned about performance of their own flocks.

Figure shows the range in lambing performances that exist between farms in this State in 1983-84. The seriously poor performance of many flocks is apparentm - 28 percent of farms had less than 60 per cent lambing. By contrast, 24 farms had performances better than 100 per cent. The reasons for the large differences between farms ( and …

Survey Of Post-Weaning Management, Growth And Mortality Of Merino Weaners, Richard Thomas Norris

Technical Bulletins

Flock owner's excessive use of supplementary feed, especially of hay, lack of knowledge of nutritional requirements of weaners and failure to follow recommended methods of internal parasite control were the main areas of inefficient management. Management of the weaners as observed in the first year, suggested that previous advice by the Department of Agriculture was not well accepted or had not reached some producers.

More Lambs From Feed And Chemical Treatments, K P. Croker

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

The ovulation rate, or the number of eggs shed per ovulating ewe, represents the upper limit of the capacity of a flock of ewes toproduce lambs. Several methods can be used to increase ovulation rates and lambing percentages of ewes, including selection for better breeding, feeding and the use of chemicals.

The potential for improving the reproductive performance of Western Australia's ewe flocks by the use of different approaches to breeding was discussed by L.G. Butler and R.P. Lewer in the Journal of Agriculture in 1983.

This article mainly discusses the research conducted by the Department of Agriculture's Sheep and …

Vertical Migration Of Onychiurus Subtenuis (Collembola) In Relation To Rainfall And Microbial Activity, M. Hassall, S. Visser, D. Parkinson

Aspen Bibliography

No abstract provided.

Growth, Carcass And Palatability Traits Of Intact Males And Steers Implanted With Zeranol Or Estradiol Early And Throughout Life, Chris R. Calkins, D. C. Clanton, T. J. Berg, J. E. Kinder

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

This study was conducted to assess the impact of implanting intact beef males with protein anabolic agents at varying intervals throughout life. Ninety-six intact males were assigned to three implant treatments: 1) not implanted, 2) implanted at 9 wk of age, weaning and at 56-d intervals thereafter with a 36-mg zeranol implant or 3) estradiol implant at 9 wk of age and 68 d post-weaning. During the 118-d, post-weaning growing period, eight animals per treatment (one replication) were castrated. After a 114-d finishing period, cattle were slaughtered (average age of 13 to 14 mo). Feedlot performance, carcass and palatability data …

Effect Of Dietary Flourine On Growth, Blood And Bone Characteristics Of Growing-Finishing Pigs, T. W. Burnell, E. R. Peo, Jr., A. J. Lewis, J. D. Crenshaw

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Three hundred eighty-four growing-finishing pigs were used in two experiments to determine the effect of dietary fluorine (F) on growth, blood and bone physical characteristics. Fourteen dietary treatments were formulated by supplementing F (as NaF) to a milo-soybean meal basal diet (7 ppm F) to provide levels of 7, 132, 257, 382, 507 and 632 ppm F for Exp. 1, and 7, 25, 43, 61, 79, 97, 115 and 133 ppm F for Exp. 2. Average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) were not affected (P>.09) when F was fed at levels between 7 and approximately …

Effect Of Dry, High-Moisture And Reconstituted Normal And High-Lysine Corn Diets And Particle Size On Energy And Nitrogen Metabolism In Growing Swine, G. L. Asche, J. D. Crenshaw, A. J. Lewis, E. R. Peo, Jr.

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Two metabolism studies were conducted with 24 (Exp. 1) and 36 (Exp. 2) crossbred barrows (initial weight 35 kg) to determine the effect of corn type - normal corn (NC) and high-lysine corn (HLC) - and storage method - dry (D), high-moisture (HM) and reconstituted (RC) - on energy and N digestibility. Diets fed in Exp. 1 were: 1, NC-soybean meal formulated at .78% lysine (dry matter basis); 2, HLC-soybean meal containing the same amount of corn as diet 1 (.87% lysine); 3, HLC-soybean meal with the same lysine level as diet 1. In Exp. 1, dry matter, energy and …

Lactational And Systemic Responses To The Supplementation Of Protected Methionine In Soybean Meal Diets, Daniel J. Illg

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The high producing dairy cow requires a complex balance of protein and energy. Microbial protein provides a substantial amount of the amino acids absorbed by the small intestine. High production rates cannot be attained with microbial protein as .the sole source of amino acids. The ten classical essential amino acids are required for milk protein synthesis. Increasing the amount of available amino acids to the mammary gland has improved casein production, indicating substrate availability as a controlling factor to milk protein synthesis. A major portion of the nitrogen component of milk is derived from free plasma amino acids. Uptake by …

Inhibition Of Psychrotrophic Bacterial Growth In Refrigerated Milk By Addition Of Carbon Dioxide, Robert Francis Roberts

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The advent of on-farm refrigerated storage for raw milk in the late 1940's and its subsequent adoption by North American dairyman 'during the next 20 years essentially eliminated spoilage of milk by lactic acid bacteria. However, refrigeration does not prevent growth of all microorganisms present in raw milk (9, 33, 51, 52, 54, 55). Many microorganisms capable of growth at refrigeration temperatures, termed psychrotrophic bacteria, are present as normal contaminants in raw milk supplies. For purposes of clarity, psychrotrophic microorganisms have been defined as microorganisms capable of growth at 7°C or below regardless of their optimum growth temperature (9). Milk …

A Comparison Of High-Performance Short-Duration And Repeated-Seasonal Grazing Systems, Jerry David Volesky

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Six replications of l-herd 16-subunit High-Performance Short-Duration (HPSDG) and Repeated-Seasonal (RSG) (May-Sep.) grazing system treatments were compared during 1983 and 1984 at the Cottonwood Range and Livestock Research Station located in western South Dakota. Calves and lambs were allotted to the experimental pastures in sets approximately equal on an animal unit basis. Animal numbers were adjusted with put-and-take sets to attain planned forage levels for each cycle of rotation in HPSDG and comparable end of season forage use levels in both treatments. The HPSDG system was operated with four cycles of rotation that had 1, 2, 2 and 3 occupation …

Nutritional Factors Modifying Fatty Liver Hemorrhagic Syndrome In Caged Laying Hens, Chandi C. Rakshit

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Three experiments each with two phases were conducted to study the effect of different levels of distillers dried grain (DDG), fat, oats and a mixture of oats and DDG on Fatty Liver Hemorrhagic Syndrome (FLHS) in caged laying hens. The second phase of each experiment was conducted by force-feeding the same diets used in the first phase at 120% of their normal intakes. This produces FLHS and thereby permits studying the effect of diets. During the force-feeding period of the third experiment, serum estradiol levels of hens from each treatment and each type of feeding were measured to study the …

Implanting Effects On Performance, Carcass Characteristics And Reproductive Parameters In Intact Beef Males, Shirley J. Gordon

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The research presented herein was designed to determine the effects of post-weaning implanting on performance, carcass characteristics, hormonal profile and reproductive parameters.

Genetics Of Flower Abortion And Pod Type In Soybean, Krishna P. Sharma

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Field studies were conducted in 1982, 1983 and 1984 in ten soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) genotypes of maturity group 00 to III, to evaluate the effects of genotype and year on flower abortion (FA), flowers/raceme (FPR), raceme length (RL), pod types (PT), seeds/raceme (SPR), seed weight (SW), and yield/raceme (YPR). Reproductive efficiency index (REI) was calculated for parental genotypes and their segregating populations. The effects of main stem node position and raceme flower position on FA and PT were also studied. Genetic studies were on F₂'s of 13 crosses plus F₃ and F₄ generations of …

Economic Evaluation Of Breeding Objectives For Sheep And Goats: Practical Considerations And Examples, G. E. Bradford, H. H. Meyer

World Congress on Genetics Applied to Livestock Production: 3rd (1986)

Examples of breeding objectives for sheep industries with well developed breeding programs such as in Australia and New Zealand are reviewed briefly. For industries lacking adequate information on genetic and economic parameters to quantify objectives precisely, some general guidelines for choice of objectives are outlines, and it is suggested that considerable genetic progress can be made in such industries by use of sound objective in choice of breeds, breed combinations or base populations for multiplication. Objectives which it is suggested merit increased attention include: (1) defining optimum litter size and mature size; (2) improving lamb viability; (3) improving longevity and …

Genetic Diversity Among Cattle Breeds And Its Use To Increase Beef Production Efficiency In A Temperate Environment, Larry V. Cundiff, Keith E. Gregory, Robert M. Koch, Gordon E. Dickerson

World Congress on Genetics Applied to Livestock Production: 3rd (1986)

Results are reviewed from the cattle Germ Plasm Evaluation Program at the Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center comparing performance of top-crosses by 20 sire breeds. The variation that exists in biological traits important for beef production is vast and under a high degree of genetic control. Significant genetic change can result from 1) selection among breeds, 2) use of crossbreeding to exploit heterosis and 3) selection within breeds. Estimates of the range for differences between breed means vary from 2.5 to 6.3 phenotypic standard deviations (σp) and exceed 4σp for most traits. The range for differences between …

Genetic Improvement For Milk And Meat Production In The Tropics, N. Künzi, W. Kropf

World Congress on Genetics Applied to Livestock Production: 3rd (1986)

Theoretical and practical ways to improve meat and milk production in the tropics by selection within local Bos indicus breeds, within Bos taurus x Bos indicus composite populations, upgrading of Bos indicus with Bos taurus breeds and though different crossbreeding programs have been discussed by various authors and summarized by Mason and Buvanendran (1982), Gregory et al. (1982) and Hickman (1979). Only few publications (Auriol, 1984; Chacko et al., 1985; Donegan and Roberts, 1984) exist on successful programs but numerous reports in developing agencies (FAO, 1985; SDC, 1985) indicate that many possibilities have been exploited and that various …