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Electrophoretic Mobilities Of Topoisomers Of Φx174 Dna, Virginia Mckee Hanson

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The analysis of nucleic acid structure by zone electrophoresis in agarose gels has become an increasingly important method in studies requiring the separation and identification of species differing only slightly in molecular weight or conformation. We have demonstrated the existence of several circular DNA forms that appear in cells infected with the bacteriophage ΦX174.

Wt/am3 heteroduplex molecules containing a single base mismatch (relaxed RFI molecules) were constructed in vitro, purified by sedimentation, and analyzed by zone electrophoresis on 1.4% agarose gels. In order to verify that the band of denaturation-resistant heteroduplex was indeed relaxed RFI, we compared …

In Vitro Enzymatic Assay Of Rna Methylation, Pamela Jean Eubanks Gallup

Chemistry & Biochemistry Theses & Dissertations

An assay procedure for in vitro enzymatic methylation of mannnalian ribosomal RNA has been developed in this study. The assay procedure, utilized for the comparison of normal and neoplastic methylase activities (using mouse liver and Ehrlich ascites cells as sources of enzyme), is a modification of previously published methods (52,53). A 100,000 x g supernatant (SlOO) enzyme preparation was incubated with 28S-5.8S rRNA and tritium-labeled S-adenosyl-L-methionine. The RNA was extracted, applied to DEAE cellulose paper, washed, and the radioactivity counted. The neoplastic cell methylase preparation was more active in methylating both exogenous neoplastic and normal 28S-5.8S rRNA than the normal …

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay For Anatid Herpesvirus, Margaret Anne Lewis

Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations

Duck plague virus causes a hemorrhagic disease affecting the family Anatidae, resulting in 60-80% mortality in captive flocks. Plaque and neutralization assays for Anatid herpesvirus (AHV) require 5-10 days for completion and are restricted by the seasonal availability of fertile duck eggs. The enzyme linked innnunosorbent assay (ELISA) is rapid and specific and avoids the use of living cells. The Holland strain of AHV was grown on duck embryo fibroblasts and purified by banding on CsCl gradients. The resulting virus was used to raise antisera in prebled New Zealand white male rabbits. Antibody production was confirmed in double diffusion plates …

Petroleum-Utilizing Bacteria: The Biological Line Defense Against Oil Pollution, Steven W. Sokolowski

Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations

A silica gel-petroleum (SGP) medium was developed which is reliable, approximately the same cost as that of the corresponding agar-based petroleum medium, and can be made sufficiently firm to use in streaking or the spread-plate technique. Advantages of the medium include: the incorporation of all of the major ions of seawater in accordance with Dittmar's Law (the salinity of which can easily be varied from 0 to 35 parts per thousand); a wide workable pH range (5.5 to 11.6); negligable pH drift(~ 0.2 pH units after 166 days); the elimination of all but negligable amounts of syneresis, the ability to …

The Biological Effect Of Evernimicin B On Bacillus Subtilis W2 3 And Three Antibiotic-Resistant Strains Of Staphylococcus Aureus, Steven Bogach

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

One strain of Bacillus subtilis and three antibiotic-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus were employed to determine the biological effects of everninomicin B (EvB), a naturally occurring antibiotic produced by Micromonospora carbonacea (NRRL 2972) and M. carbonacea var. aurantiaca. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of EvB for B. subtilis was 1.2 x 10^-3 µmole/ml of EvB in glucose minimal broth and 2.6 x 10^-3 µmole/ml of EvB in nutrient broth. MIC values of EvB for S. aureus were 3.25 x 10^-4 µmole/ml of EvB for strains resistant to penicillin or tetracycline and 6.5 x 10^-4 µmole/ml of …

Hsus Helps Bust Cruel Dogfights

Close Up Reports

Thirty-eight arrested in raids in Georgia and Ohio

The Mechanism Of Aerotaxis In Salmonella Typhimurium, Daniel John Laszlo

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Chemotaxis is the migrational response of bacteria to chemical gradients. Aerotaxis, the response to oxygen, was among the earliest observed tactic phenomena, but progress in the study of aerotaxis was previously limited by the available assays. These assays relied upon oxygen depletion by the bacteria to generate the oxygen gradient which elicits the behavioral response. Such assays are unsuitable for analyzing the role of the electron transport system in aerotaxis. In this study the biochemical mechanism of aerotaxis and its relationship to other chemotaxis pathways in Salmonella typhimurium was explored with the aid of two new assays which imposed an …

Factors Affecting The Measurement Of Undenatured Whey Protein Nitrogen In Dried Whey By A Modified Harland-Ashworth Test, Reyad M. Aboumahmoud

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The Harland-Ashworth test for measuring undenatured whey protein nitrogen in nonfat dry milk was modified to measure undenatured whey protein nitrogen in dried whey. The new test was designed to measure absorbance in Harland-Ashworth filtrates at 280 nm to eliminate difficulties associated with turbidimetric measurements. One gram dried whey was reconstituted in 25 ml pH 6.7 phosphate buffer (.1M) in a 25 x 150 mm test tube. Ten grams sodium chloride were added. The test tubes were incubated for 30 min in a water bath at 37C and shaken 8-10 times in the first 15 min. The tubes were removed …

Bovine Muscle Cathepsin D: Purification And Proteolytic Activity On Muscle Proteins, Paul Hwaleun Fan

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

An affinity column for cathepsin D was prepared making use of the strong affinity of pepstatin for cathepsin D. Pepstatin is an N-acylated pentapeptide from Actinomycetes with the following structure: isovaleryl-L-valyl-L-valyl-4-amino-3-hydroxy-6-methylheptanoyl-L-alanyl-4-amino-3-hydroxy- 6-methyl heptanoic acid. A relatively rapid and efficient method for cathepsin D purification has been developed; Steps include homogenization, ammonium sulfate fractionation, and chromatography on pepstatin-Sepharose column. The final preparation has a specific activity of 38 units/mg. and shows a single protein band on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate corresponding to a subunit molecular weight of 42,000. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis studies did not reveal any impurities. The …

The Effects Of Myoglobin, Nitrosylmyoglobin, And Free Iron On The Growth Of Clostridium Botulinum In Cured Meat, Susan K. Fortier Collinge

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Although nitrite is a known inhibitor of Clostridium botulinum in cured meats, the mechanism of inhibition is not understood. The observation has been made that iron is required for growth of C. botulinum and that the role of nitrite may be to alter the pathway of iron uptake by these organisms. Since the color change in cured meats is due to the binding of nitrite to the heme group of meat pigments, it was hypothesized that nitrite may also be tying up an essential iron source, heme. This experiment was an investigation of the possibility that myoglobin added to a …

Comparison Of Skim Milk Starter, Whey Base Starter And A Direct Set Method On The Yield, Quality And Economics Of Cottage Cheese Production, Wayne G. Geilman

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Three different methods of acidifying skim milk(milk starter, whey base starter and direct acid set) for making cottage cheese were evaluated for their effect on yield, quality and acidification cost. Cultured cottage cheese was produced with milk starter and pH controlled whey-base starter by the short set method. Five percent milk starter and 2.4% whey base starter were approximately equivalent in activity and gave average setting times of 234 to 255 minutes. Direct acid set cottage cheese was made by the Vitex/American method. The setting time required for direct acid set cottage cheese was 158 minutes. Yields of cottage cheese …

The Effect Of Parent Involvement In A Nutrition Education Program For Primary Grade Pupils, Barbara A. Kirks

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Three schools were matched for socioeconomic data, location, and quality. Students in kindergarten through grade three in two schools received nutrition education; the third school was the control. Of the two treatment schools, one was randomly assigned to receive parent as well as student education in nutrition. Three-hundred and seventy cognitive scores, 168 affective scores, and 100 plate-waste analyses were collected in both pretest and posttest phases. At the end of the four-month treatment period, 24-hour food frequency recalls were collected for 151 children.

Students at the school where both parents and their children were involved had higher dietary quality …

The Transport And Intracellular Distribution Of Iron In The Basidiomycete, Ustilago Sphaerogena, Charles W. Passavant

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The transport and intracellular distribution of iron in Ustilago sphaerogena via the native siderochrome ferrichrome A has been examined. Evidence is presented which suggests the involvement of deferriferrichrome in iron transport when the metal is supplied to the cell as ferrichrome A. This process requires both oxygen and ATP synthesis and may require a transmembrane electrochemical gradient. Once inside the cell, iron derived from ferrichrome A is rapidly distributed, with a major fraction found in the mitochondria, presumably as heme.

The kinetics of ferrichrome and ferrichrome A uptake have also been investigated. The Km of transport of ferrichrome was …

Effect Of Toxaphene On Collagen Synthesis In Fish Tissue: Organ Culture Studies And Prolyl Hydroxylase Activity Assay, Charles Franklin Luke

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Toxaphene is reported to cause defects in the collagen of fish. Chronic exposure to toxhaphene weakens the backbone of fish by decreasing the amount of collagen and usually increasing the amount of calcium in the bone which results in a more brittle and fragile bone.

We investigated the possible direct action of toxaphene on collagen synthesis by exposing vertebral and swim bladder organ cultures obtained from unexposed rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) fingerlings to the same lot of toxaphene found to cause this defect in vivio. Collagen produced by these organ cultures was measured by: (1) total ^{3 …}

Hydraulic Conductivity And Drought Acclimation Of Cotton Root Systems, Derrick M. Oosterhuis

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Hydraulic conductivity of single roots and whole root systems was studied for soil, sand and solution-grown cotton plants (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Conductivity varied widely depending on plant age and growing conditions. Total conductivity for soil-grown plants decreased from 357 x 10^-6 µ1 s^-1 bar^-1 cm^-1 one week after germination to 5 x 10^-6 µ1 s^-1 bar^-1 cm^-1 at boll set. There was a concomitant increase in total root length. Solution-grown plants had higher root conductivities than soil- or sand-grown plants. Root conductance was decreased by low temperatures, lack of oxygen and …

Impact, Epidemiology And Control Of Crown And Root Rot Of Spring Barley In Utah, Rastri Dey Kidambi

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

A three year study was initiated to study impact, epidemiology and control aspects of crown and root rot of irrigated and dryland spring barley in Utah. Isolations from leading edges of necrotic lesions of infected plants showed Cochliobolus sativus to be most frequently isolated. Yield loss studies showed that the disease had it's greatest effect in kernel weight reduction.

Time course studies of disease initiation, development and progress were made throughout two consecutive growing seasons. Disease initiation began 25-30 days after planting and reached maximum levels at approximately 60-80 days. Soil inoculum levels were determined by the flotation viability method …

Abstracts Of Papers, 93rd Session, Iowa Academy Of Science, April 24-25, 1981, Iowa Academy Of Science

Iowa Academy of Science Documents

Presentation abstracts from the annual meeting of the Iowa Academy of Science

Blackbird & Starling Roosts In Warren County, Kentucky, Wayne Mason

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Blackbird and Starling roosts of the 1979-80 winter season were observed in order to obtain as much information as possible concerning roosts in this area. Five species were found to comprise the local roosts: The Common Grackle (Quiscalus quiscula), Red-winged Blackbird (Agelaius phoeniceus), Brown-headed Cowbird (Molothrus ater), Rusty Blackbird (Euphagus carolinus), and the Starling (Sturnus vulgaris).

Seven categories of activities were observed in roost species: predeparture vocalizations; predeparture staging; roost departure; daily activities; roost return; preroost staging; and settlement into the roost. The Common Grackle appeared to be the species around which …

Incorporation Of Carbon-14 Metabolites Into The Sex Pheromon 26-Dichlorophenol Of Dermacentor Andersoni Stiles; And The Disruption Of Pheromone Activity In D. Andersoni And D. Variabilis (Say) By Quinones, Daniel Martin Gainsburg

Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations

The Rocky Mountain wood tick, Dermacentor andersoni Stiles, injected with (u-¹⁴c) sodium acetate or DL-(benzene ring-u-¹⁴c) tryptophan for in vivo studies, was found to produce sex pheromone, 2,6-dichlorophenol, containing ¹⁴c activity. Ambiguous results were obtained with L-(u- ¹⁴c) tyrosine, and no incorporation of ¹⁴c label into pheromone was observed with DL-(ring-u- ¹⁴c) phenylalanine or DL-(side chain-3-¹⁴c) tyrosine. Attempts were made to determine the site of synthesis, but in vitro studies proved inconclusive.

Disruption of sex pheromone activity in D. andersoni and the American dog tick, D. variabilis (Say) was achieved …

Effect Of Mineral Deficiency On The Growth Of The Salt Marsh Rush Juncus Roemerianus, Lionel N. Eleuterius, John D. Caldwell

Gulf and Caribbean Research

Plants of the salt marsh rush Juncus roemerianus were grown in deficient and complete nutrient solutions, and the growth responses were compared qualitatively and quantitatively. Plants grown in solutions deficient in K, S, P, and Mg were similar in appearance, which exemplified severe growth retardation. Plants grown in solutions deficient in Ca, N, and Fe also were very similar in total growth response, but had much longer leaves, more shoots, and greater biomass than those grown in the K, S, P, and Mg deficient solutions. Plants grown in complete nutrient solutions, with various sources of Fe, were very robust. Growth …

Bacterial Gill Disease Of Freshwater Fishes, S. F. Snieszko

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

Bacterial gill disease (BGD) was first described by Davis (1926, 1927), who observed it in fry and fingerling brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) and rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) in hatcheries in Vermont. The affected trout were kept in dirt-bottom ponds and were not crowded; , daily mortalities were very low. Mortalities rapidly increased when the water temperature increased and diminished when the temperature decreased. Examination of the diseased trout revealed clubbing of gill filaments. In microscopic examination of wet mounts of the filaments" Davis found that the gill surface was covered with closely adhering strands of long, …

Influence Of Phosphate Source On Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhizae Of Bouteloua Gracilis, Michael F. Allen, James C. Sexton, Thomas S. Moore Jr., Martha Christensen

Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications

Non-mycorrhizal and vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal Bouteloua gracilis infected with Glomus fasciculatus were grown in defined media containing different phosphate sources and compared with respect to phosphate content and form, biomass, chlorophyll concentration, and root phosphatase activity. The phosphate sources were sodium monobasic phosphate, a mixture of sodium monobasic phosphate and calcium phytate, and calcium phytate. Inositol and inositol plus calcium were added to the sodium phosphate medium as additional treatments. Mycorrhizal infection was highest in roots of plants grown in the presence of phytate (75%). Lower root infection levels were noted in plants from the sodium phosphate (19%) and mixed phosphate …

Biomedical Research And Animal Welfare: Traditional Viewpoints And Future Directions, Franklin M. Loew

International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems

It has been twenty years since C.P. Snow first presented the concept of "The Two Cultures,"; referring to the "culture" of scientists and the "culture" of literary intellectuals (mainly writers), Snow said (1969): "constantly I felt I was moving among two groups- comparable in intelligence, identical in race, not grossly different in social origin, earning about

the same incomes, who had almost ceased to communicate at all, who in intellectual, moral and psychological climate had so little in common." In some ways, "Two Cultures" goes far to characterize the current state of affairs surrounding those whose scientific endeavors involve the …

History Of Animal Experimentation Control In The U.K., Judith E. Hampson

International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems

Legislative control of the use of animals in experiments in the U.K. lies in the Cruelty to Animals Act of 1876. Animal Welfare groups and individuals in Britain have pressed for reform of this law since its inception 105 years ago. The British government has recently agreed to bring this legislation up to date. Any new or amended legislation could have far-reaching implications for laboratory animal welfare and the scientific community and is therefore of considerable importance both in this country and overseas. No proper appreciation of the problem would be possible without referencing the historical background. The Act of …

Sewer Science & Pound Seizure, Kenneth P. Stoller

International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems

Significant decisions are being made in the City and County of Los Angeles over a seemingly minor issue-pound seizure. Outwardly, the issue involves potentially inconvenienced animal research professionals versus angry citizens who do not want lost pets sold for research. However, on another level, this conflict has implications that reach the depths of irrationality. Far from fighting to promote the practice of pound seizure, scientists should be fighting to end it.

Biomedical Research And Animal Welfare: Traditional Viewpoints And Future Directions, Franklin M. Loew

Experimentation Collection

It has been twenty years since C.P. Snow first presented the concept of "The Two Cultures"; referring to the "culture" of scientists and the "culture" of literary intellectuals (mainly writers), Snow said (1969):

... constantly I felt I was moving among two groups- comparable in intelligence, identical in race, not grossly different in social origin, earning about the same incomes, who had almost ceased to communicate at all, who in intellectual, moral and psychological climate had so little in common ...

In some ways, "Two Cultures" goes far to characterize the current state of affairs surrounding those whose scientific endeavors …

Sewer Science & Pound Seizure, Kenneth P. Stoller

Laboratory Experiments Collection

Significant decisions are being made in the City and County of Los Angeles over a seemingly insignificant issue- pound seizure. Outwardly, the issue is a triflepotentially inconvenienced animal research professionals vs. irate citizens who don't want lost pets sold for research. However, on another level, this conflict has imp I ications that reach to the very depths of irrationality- for far from fighting to promote the practice of pound seizure, scientists should be fighting to end it.

History Of Animal Experimentation Control In The U.K., Judith E. Hampson

Laws and Legislation Collection

The legislative control of the use of animals in experiments in the UK lies in the Cruelty to Animals Act of 1876. Animal Welfare groups and individuals in Britain have pressed for reform of this law almost since its inception 105 years ago, and the British government has recently agreed to bring this legislation up to date. Any new or amended legislation could have far-reaching implications, both for laboratory animal welfare and upon the scientific community and is therefore of considerable importance both in this country and overseas. No proper appreciation of the problem would be possible without reference to …

Forms Of Phosphorus In Nutrition Of Halobacterium Halobium And Halobacterium Salinarium, Pramodbala Parekh

Theses Digitization Project

No abstract provided.

Fisheries Report No 45 - The Short Term Effects Of Brush Harvesting On The Kwongan Vegetation At Eneabba, Western Australia, E. A. Griffin, A. J. M. Hopkins

Fisheries Research Reports

Areas of the kwongan vegetation south of Eneabba are currently being harvested to provide brush for rehabilitation after mining. Because of the botanical importance of the Eneabba kwongan, a study of the effects of the harvesting was initiated. Three areas with different harvest histories were sampled using quadrats paired across cut/uncut boundaries. Floristic and structural differences between quadrats and between areas were assessed. The store of seed in uncut vegetation was measured.

There was a loss of species as a result of harvesting, at least in the short-term. Many species regenerated by resprouting from buds in damaged stems or in …