Digital Commons Network^™

Experiences In The Protection Of The Large Predators In Finland, Erkki Pulliainen

Ecology Collection

During the nineteenth century, the large predators of Finland- wolf, bear, lynx, and wolverine- were exterminated in the southern and western regions of the country. There were almost no lynx by the late 1950s, but a protection order issued in 1968 has resulted in a steady increase in their number, to about 300 by 1980. There was a breeding population of wolverines until the late 1960s, but in the 1970s, most were killed by snowmobiles, and only 10-30 are now thought to inhabit the frontiers between Finland and the USSR, and Finland and Norway. Bears, in the 1970s, tended to …

Deep Woodchip Litter: Hygiene, Feeding, And Behavioral Enhancement In Eight Primate Species, Arnold S. Chamove, James R. Anderson, Susan C. Morgan-Jones, Susan P. Jones

Ethology Collection

Sixty-seven animals from eight primate species were used to assess improved husbandry techniques. The presence of woodchips as a direct-contact litter decreased inactivity and fighting, and increased time spent on the ground. Placing food in the deep litter led to further behavioral improvement. The use of frozen foods improved food distribution and reduced fighting in most situations, especially when it was buried in the litter. With time, the litter became increasingly inhibitory to bacteria. The results suggest that inexpensive ways of increasing environmental complexity are effective in improving housing for primates.

G82-622 Sources Of Grain Market Information, Allen C. Wellman

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

A list of various market information sources, each followed by a brief summary of distribution schedules and contents.

This NebGuide lists widely used and readily available market information sources that contain information which may be useful to agricultural producers, lenders and agribusiness firms when making grain marketing decisions. Most of the available market information and statistical data comes from the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA).

Generally, there are two basic types of market information available to data users. The first type, Market News Service, is provided by the USDA's Agricultural Marketing Service (AMS) and concerns daily prices used to make …

Protein Bodies In Dormant, Imbibed And Germinated Sunflower Cotyledons, R. D. Allen, H. J. Arnott

Food Structure

Scanning electron microscopy was used to observe the morphology and structure of protein bodies in dormant and imbibed sunflower cotyledons and to document the morphological changes in protein bodies during germination and seedling growth. In order to clearly visualize dormant seed structure, anhydrous fixation techniques were employed. Definite differences in cellular structure are seen in comparisons of dry and imbibed seed tissues. As germination proceeds, protein bodies lose their smooth spherical shape and become indented and pitted. Protein body coalescence and fusion precedes the formation of a central protein vacuole. As protein is hydrolyzed, protein vacuole density decreases, and its …

Fluorescence Microscopy Of Cereals, R. G. Fulcher

Food Structure

The fluorescence microscope is one of the most sensitive instruments available for morphological and microchemical analysis of biological material, and especially of cereal grains. Recent innovations in illuminating systems, fluorescence chemistry, and specimen preparation have combined to provide significant improvements over conventional bright-field microscopy in both specificity and sensitivity. A variety of relatively specific fluorescent markers has been devised for routine and high resolution detection of all major cereal components. Several examples of useful fluorescent markers are described, including appropriate methods for specimen preparation, fluorescence analysis, and photography.

Electron Microscopy Of Milk And Milk Products: Problems And Possibilities, D. G. Schmidt

Food Structure

Milk and dairy products have frequently been studied by transmission- and scanning electron microscopy. The specimen preparation procedure may considerably influence the final result, and formation of artefacts is frequently observed. In this respect, formation of ice crystals during cryofixation is a well-known phenomenon. But dehydration, to an extent such as is required for embedding procedures, also appears to be harmful to dairy products. Micrographs of thin sections of plastic- embedded samples of casein submicelles show threadlike material, whereas in freeze-etched specimens only spherical particles are found. Similar observations are made when samples of cheese and of concentrated milk are …

Food Microstructure: An Integrative Approach, E. A. Davis, J. Gordon

Food Structure

The integration of information at all levels of organization in a food system - atomic and molecular through macroscopic properties is illustrated with cake batters as an example of a formulated food and bovine muscle as an example of a biologically intact, non-formulated food. Direct examples are given using macroscopic data collected in heat and water transport studies followed by integration of microscopical data for interpretive purposes.

The contribution of starch gelatinization to the characteristics of water loss in batter is related to events such as loss of brief ringence as seen by polarizing microscopy , differential heat input as …

Aspects Of Sample Preparation For Freeze-Fracture/Freeze-Etch Studies Of Proteins And Lipids In Food Systems. A Review, Wolfgang Buchheim

Food Structure

To select optimum specimen preparation methods and to correctly interpret freeze-fracture/freezeetch micrographs of food systems a detailed knowledge of the individual steps of preparation -- i.e. chemical fixation of samples, their cryoprotective pretreatment, cryofixation, freeze-fracturing and -etching, and replication -- and of their influence on the appearance of different constituents, especially proteins and lipids, is necessary. Food systems show great variation in composition, structure and especially in their content of water -- e.g. molecular and colloidal solutions, oil-in-water and water-in-oil emulsions, gels suspensions, semi-solid systems such as cheese, dried systems such as milk powders -- thus requiring a careful variation …

The Microscopic Structure And Chemistry Of Rapeseed And Its Products, S. H. Yiu, H. Poon, R. G. Fulcher, I. Altosaar

Food Structure

The location and distribution of some of the storage constituents in the structures of rapeseed and its products were investigated. Hand-cut or glycol methacrylate-embedded sections were stained with dyes or fluorochromes of known specificities and examined using fluorescence, bright-field and/or polarizing microscopy. Results obtained from the study were based upon observations of characteristics of the various stainings, birefringence, induced fluorescence and autofluorescence. The effects of enzymatic hydrolysis, solvents and processing on the cellular structures and their affinity for certain dyes/ fluorochromes were also investigated. Major and minor storage constituents were tentatively located in the structure of rapeseed. Lipids and proteins …

Light Microscopy Preparation Techniques For Starch And Lipid Containing Snack Foods, F. Olga Flint

Food Structure

Many processed foods lack the structural integrity associated with biological tissue so that the conventional methods of preparation and staining used in light microscopy may introduce misleading artifacts.

Taking as examples of starch-based processed foods, potato chips (UK potato crisps) and three distinct potato snack foods, methods for preparing and demonstrating the constituents present in cryosections of whole and masticated products are discussed. To show constituents in their true relative locations vapor staining and polarized light are used. Iodine vapor staining indicates the extent of starch gelatinisation in the dry snack and it is also used to show the structural …

Freeze-Etch Of Emulsified Cake Batters During Baking, J. D. Cloke, J. Gordon, E. A. Davis

Food Structure

Cryofixation, freeze-etch techniques were used to study the structure of cake batters made from a lean cake formulation before heating and after heating to temperatures up to l00-l02°C. Batters were prepared without added emulsifiers and with saturated and unsaturated monoglycerides replacing 5 and l 0% of the oil. Unsaturated monoglyceri des were more effective than saturated monoglycerides in dispersing oil droplets through the batter. Saturated monoglycerides formed liquid crystals during baking. The temperature at which starch granules began to swell was slightly higher for saturated monoglyceride containing cakes. The batter matrix between starch granules was more clearly defined in unsaturated …

Some Effects Of Lipids On The Structure Of Foods, K. Larsson

Food Structure

The functional properties of different lipids in foods are demonstrated and related to the structure of lipid or lipid-water phases. On the basis of new X-ray data on the crystal structure of the B'-form and the a + B' transition in fats, the polymorphic transitions are considered as different lateral arrangements of triglyceride dimers. The physical properties of fat crystals can be explained from the structures, as well as possibilities to influence the polymorphic transitions.

Molecular interaction between polar lipids and proteins or starch is discussed, and the effect of the amylose-lipid inclusion complex on gelatinization temperature and water penetration …

The Uptake And Release Of Label From Endocytosed 35so4-Labeled Proteins In Cultured Mouse Peritoneal Macrophages, Susan Patterson Buktenica

Dissertations

No abstract provided.

G82-621 Sources Of Livestock And Poultry Market Information (Revised July 1994), Allen Wellman

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide provides a list of various market information sources, each followed by a brief summary of issue schedules and contents.

It provides a listing of widely used and readily available market information sources that contain information which may be useful to agricultural producers, lenders and agribusiness firms when making livestock and poultry marketing decisions. Most of the available market information and statistical data comes from the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA). Many now require an annual subscription fee.

Dark Repair Of Lethal Damage Induced In A Hybrid Mammalian Tissue Culture Cell Line By Ultraviolet Light, Robin Haetten, Margaret Mcguinness, H. Gaston Griggs

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

Effects Of Pulsed Electric Fields On Mammalian Cell Membranes, Guy K. Smith

Theses and Dissertations

The effect of pulsed electric fields on cell membranes were studied to investigate the effects of an electric field, per se, on biological systems, without the densometric and other technical problems associated with other forms of nonionizing radiation. Exposure of mouse splenocytes to a high voltage pulse resulted in an increase in membrane permeability to K⁺ that was dependent on both the electric field strength and the pulse duration. Exposure to a 2 μsec, 3.0 kV/cm pulse elicited a 50% loss of intracellular K⁺ indicating that the critical transmembrane potential (V_m) at breakdown was 1.26 volts …

Louisiana Agriculture Magazine, Winter 1982-1983, Lsu Agricultural Experiment Station

Louisiana Agriculture

No abstract provided.

Effect Of Container Size And Harvest Date On The Growth Of Quaking Aspen Populus-Tremuloides Seedlings, L. A. Erhard, J. T. Fisher

Aspen Bibliography

Quaking Aspen (Populus tremuloides Michaux) were
greenhouse grown in four sizes of paraffin-coated containers: 185 cubic centimeters (11 cubic inches), 492 cubic centimeters (30 cubic inches), 1132 cubic centimeters (68 cubic inches), and 1472 cubic centimeters (90cubic inches).

1982 Annual Report

Southeast Research and Extension Center: Reports and Administration

1982 was a year of challenges for all the various members of our unit including the researcher, the extension worker, the forester, and all the support staff. Our program year started on October 1, 1981 and ended on September 30, 1982.

From the agriculture standpoint, it has been a difficult year. The fall of 1981 was not favorable to the agricultural producer. Rain, freezing temperatures and even light snow was prevalent in October, 1981. Throughout the winter of 91-82, it was cold and snow was on the ground most of the winter.

It was not uncommon for counties in the …

Use Of Dry Whey And Lactose Hydrolysis In Yogurt Bases, Nagendra P. Shah

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Yogurt is one of the oldest and most traditional fermented dairy products. Since early times it has been an important food item of the people in the Middle East. Except for its refreshing taste and wholesomeness as a food, no special virtues were claimed for it until early in the 20th century when the bacteriologist, Elie Metchnikoff, who shared a Nobel Prize in 1908, concluded from his studies on the effect of lactic acid bacteria of the digestive tract, that yogurt arrests putrefaction in the intestinal tract and thus might be beneficial to health (55). Attempts to popularize yogurt in …

Effects Of Various Hormones On Human Carcinoma Cell Proliferation, Y. L. Gao, B. S. Leung, A. H. Potter, W.C.Y. Yu

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

Cell proliferation of a mammary adenocarcinoma cell line, CAMA-1. is affected by a number of steroid hormones and prolactin in long-term cultures. Estrogenic compounds stimulate cell growth while antiestrogenic compounds inhibit it. Prolactin can synergize the estrogenic effect. Progesterone, glucocorticoid or androgen reduce cell proliferation. Dihydrotestosterone is a very potent inhibitor,- effective at as low as 10 nM, and its effect is independent of estrogen action. Cortisol is a less effective inhibitor at concentrations below 10 nM; at these levels cortisol exhibits a slight inhibition which appears to be unrelated to estrogenic action. However, at higher concentrations, cortisol markedly reduces …

Fertilizing "Tifgreen" Bermudagrass Golf Greens In Louisiana, E P. Barrios

LSU Agricultural Experiment Station Reports

No abstract provided.

Soil Science Research Report - 1982

Soil Science Research Reports

Corn Experiments

Improving Nitrogen Fertilizer Recommendations for Corn .......... Section 1

The Influence of 7-21-7 Plus Ammonium Thiosulfate Knifed-in With Anhydrous Ammonia on Yield of Irrigated Corn Grown on Calcareous Soil .......... Section 2

Interseeded Rye and Alfalfa in Irrigated Corn Production .......... Section 3

Maximizing Fertilizer N and Water Use Efficiency on Irrigated and Rainfed Corn .......... Section 4

Nitrogen Balance for Continuous Corn .......... Section 5

High Yield Corn-Soybeans-Wheat Rotation Study .......... Section 6

Wheat Experiments

Dual Placement of Nitrogen and Phosphorus on Winter Wheat .......... Section 7

Effect of Depth of P Application on the Yield of …

Protective Immune Responses Of Rabbits To Ascaris Suum Larval Antigens, Lawrence W. Hinck, Myra B. Finch

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

Hormonal Interrelationships Between Hypothalamus, Pituitary And Testis Of Rams And Bulls, Bruce D. Schanbacher

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

This mini-review aims to summarize some of our recent findings relating to testicular function and feedback control of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis by testicular steroids in rams and bulls. Testosterone secretion in intact males is not tonic, but is characterized by episodic pulses. This pattern of secretion is dictated by inputs of the central nervous system via secretions of the hypothalamus (luteinizing hormone- releasing hormone; LHRH) and anterior pituitary (luteinizing hormone; LH). A temporal relationship exists between concentrations of LH and testosterone in serum and evidence is presented that strongly suggests that their episodic secretion is dependent on discrete episodes of …

Enflagellation Of Naegleria Fowleri, Terry Wayne Woodworth

Theses and Dissertations

Organisms of the genus Naegleria differentiate from feeding, dividing amebae into temporary swimming flagellates when deprived of nutrients. Factors critical for enflagellation of the pathogenic species, N. fowleri, were delineated and optimal conditions established for evoking reproducible conversion of N.fowleri populations. N. fowleri enflagellation differed from that of N. gruberi in its dependence upon growth phase, population density during enflagellation and in the timing and extent of the conversion. N. fowleri amebae from stationary phase cultures grown at 37°C, washed free of medium and suspended in nutrient~free ameba saline, acquired flagella and converted to mature flagellates in a synchronous manner …

A Cytomorphological Study Of Podospora Curvicolla (Winter) Niessl, Stephen F. Tomasino

Masters Theses

A cytomorphological study was performed on Podospora curvicolla, a saprophytic Pyrenomycete. Major emphasis was placed on three important features: (I) ascocarp formation and development, (II) centrum structure and (III) ascus development and structure. A comparison with other studies of Podospora and with a genus generally considered closely related, Sordaria, was made to this present study of P. curvicolla.

Initial perithecial formation in P. curvicolla is indicated by a spherical mass of hyphae which may include filaments from many vegetative hyphae, but no apparent ascogonia or antheridia were observed. As the young perithecium matures in P. curvicolla, …

Pheasants In Asia 1982: Proceedings Of The Second International Pheasant Symposium (September 1982 : Srinagar, Kashmir), Keith C. R. Howman, Christopher D. W. Savage, M. W. Ridley

Galliformes Specialist Group and Affiliated Societies: Conference Proceedings

Chapter 1: Pheasant Conservation in India and Nepal

Conservation of pheasants in India through biosphere reserves, N. D. Jayal

Pheasant conservation in Nepal, BISWA N. UPRETI

The Machhapuchare Wildlife Conservation Project in Nepal, James Roberts

Planning for the management of a Himalayan pheasant reserve, J. A. Forster

The role of mapping in future management and conservation of pheasants, Christopher D. W. Savage

Chapter 2: Population Studies of Himalayan Pheasants

Surveys, census, monitoring and research: Their role in pheasant conservation, A. J . GASTON

Popluation dynamics of the Koklas pheasant (Pucrasia macolopha) in Malkandi Forests, Pakistan, Wazir Mohammad Khan …

The Role Of Hypoglycemia In The Development Of Cardiovascular Failure Following Escherichia Coli Endotoxin Administration In The Dog, Philip M. Kober

Dissertations

No abstract provided.

The Influence Of Salinity On Larval Development And Population Dynamics Of Anopheles Merus Dönitz (Diptera: Culicidae), F. W. Mosha, C. M. Mutero

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

Variations in density of adults of Anopheles merus Dön. in Jimbo Village on the Kenya Coast were found to be correlated both with rainfall and with salinity at their breeding sites. Densities started to increase at the beginning of the rains when several breeding sites were formed. This was followed by a decline in numbers resulting mainly from the decrease in salinity in the semi-permanent breeding sites. A second rise occurred after the end of the rains, corresponding with an increase in salinity in the semi-permanent breeding sites due to evaporation. Peak density coincided with salinities of 30–50% sea water …