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Small Mammal Community Structure And Composition In The Cerrado Province Of Central Brazil, Michael A. Mares, Kristina A. Ernest, Donald D. Gettinger

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Community structure, macrohabitat selection, and patterns of species co-occur- rence were examined during a 14-month study of small mammals in the Cerrado Province of central Brazil. Data were collected from mark-recapture grids in brejo and gallery forest, and from live-trapping and specimen collection in all habitat types within cerrado (campo limpo, campo sujo, cerrado [s.s.], cerradão, brejo, valley-side wet campo, and gallery forest). Gallery forest supported the highest species richness, most complex vertical distribution of species, highest level of trophic diversity, and highest macroniche diversity. Degree of habitat selection varied widely. All habitat types supported both rodents and marsupials, although …

Evolution And Historical Biogeography Of A Parasite-Host Assemblage: Alcataenia Spp. (Cyclophyllidea: Dilepididae) In Alcidae (Charadriiformes), Eric P. Hoberg

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

The methodology of phylogenetic systematics was used to develop hypotheses for the evolution of eight species of Alcataenia, a group of host-specific cestodes of the Alcidae and, to a lesser extent, the Laridae (Charadriiformes). Concurrently, aspects of the early biogeography of alcids were reevaluated making it possible to study the historical and distributional relationships of parasites and hosts. The most parsimonious hypothesis for the phylogeny of Alcataenia suggested that sequential colonization or host switching with limited coevolution (coaccommodation) by parasites best explained the distributional patterns exhibited by Alcataenia spp. Morphological evolution of specific species of Alcataenia accompanied host switching, …

Polymorphism Of Eimerian Oocysts: A Dilemma Posed By Working With Some Naturally Infected Hosts, Brent B. Parker, Donald W. Duszynski

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

First paragraph:

Morphological variation of sporulated oocysts within individual eimerian species is well documented (Joyner, 1982. In Biology of the Coccidia, P. L. Long (editor). University Park Press, Baltimore, pages 35-62). In some cases, oocysts of a single eimerian species are known to vary in size by as much as 40% during patency (Duszynski, 1971, Journal of Parasitology 57: 948- 952). During a survey to determine the prevalence of coccidiosis in sandhill cranes (Grus canadensis) wintering in New Mexico (Parker and Duszynski, 1986, Journal of Wildlife Diseases 21: 25-35), marked polymorphism was observed among sporulated oocysts of …

Aspects Of Ecology And Biogeography Of Acanthocephala On Antarctic Seabirds [Données Écologiques Et Biogéographiques Sur Les Acantocéphales D’Oiseaux Marins Antarctiques], Eric P. Hoberg

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Four species of acanthocephalans are reported from seabirds, nototheniid fishes and gammaridean amphipods in the western Antarctic. Corynosoma hamanni (von Linstow, 1892) was found in Phalacrocorax atriceps King, Chionis alba (Gmelin), Larus dominicanus Lichtenstein, and Catharacta lonnbergi (Mathews). The complete life cycle of this acanthocephalan was elucidated: cysticanths develop in the haemocoel of a gammaridean amphipod, Pontogeneiella sp. of the family Eusiridae and presumably, following ingestion of parasitized amphipods, encyst in the body cavity of Antarctic fishes of several species. Corynosoma singularis Skriabin and Nikol’skii, 1971 was found only in P. atriceps. Corynosoma bullosum (von Linstow, 1892) occurred in both …

Cysts Resembling Hydatids In A Chicken, Gerald D. Schmidt, Robert L. Rausch

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Two large cysts recovered from the abdominal cavity of a domestic chicken superficially resembled hydatid cysts of Echinococcus spp. No protoscolices were present. Microscopic examination of the internal lining of one of the cysts revealed a single cuboidal to columnar, ciliated epithelium, leading to a diagnosis of oviduct cysts. Earlier records of hydatids of fowl are reviewed.

Spanish abstract: Reporte de Caso--Quistes en un pollo semejantes a la hidatidosis. Se encontraron dos quistes grandes en la cavidad abdominal de un pollo doméstico. Superficialmente los quistes parecían quistes hidatidícos de Echinococcus spp. No se encontraron escólecis o cabezas de la tenia. …

Two New Species Of Litomosoides (Nematoda: Onchocercidae) From Pocket Gophers (Rodentia: Geomyidae) In Colorado, Scott Lyell Gardner, Gerald D. Schmidt

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Two new species of nematodes representing the genus Litomosoides were obtained from pocket gophers collected in the early 1960s and during 1982 in Colorado. Individuals of Litomosoides thomomydis n. sp. were recovered from the abdominal cavities of two species of pocket gopher, Thomomys tulpoides (Richardson) and T. bottae (Eydoux & Gervais). Nematodes representing L. westi n. sp. were recovered from the abdominal and pleural cavities of the plains pocket gopher Geomys bursarius (Shaw) from eastern Colorado. These two species of filarioid nematodes appear to be restricted in geographical range to those pocket gophers inhabiting the central grasslands and …

Eimeria Halleri Sp. N. (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) From The Round Stingray, Urolophus Halleri (Rajiformes: Dasyatidae), Steve Upton, John Bristol, Scott Lyell Gardner, Donald W. Duszynski

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Eimeria halleri sp. n. (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) is described from the rectal contents ofthe round stingray, Urolophus halleri Cooper (Rajiformes: Dasyatidae) from Puerto Penasco, Mexico. Oocysts are spherical or subspherical, 16.9 x 16.8 (15.0-18.0 x 15.0-18.0) /μm, with a smooth, thin wall. Micropyle, polar granule, and oocyst residuum are absent. Sporocysts are ovoid, 11.1 x 6.8 (10.0-13.0 x 6.0-7.5) /μm and possess Stieda and substieda bodies. Sporozoites are comma-shaped, 9.9 x 3.2 (9.0-11.0 x 2.8-4.0) /μm and contain an ovoid posterior and a spherical anterior refractile body. The sporocyst residuum consists either of numerous finely granular particles scattered among the sporozoites …

Coccidiosis Of Sand Hill Cranes (Grus Canadensis) Wintering In New Mexico, Brent B. Parker, Donald W. Duszynski

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

The feces of 212 Sandhill cranes (Grus canadensis) collected in central New Mexico from October 1982 to January 1983 and from October 1983 to January 1984 were examined to determine the prevalence of coccidial oocysts. One hundred forty-five granulomatous nodules from the viscera of 64 cranes and samples of lung, small intestine, and large intestine from 58 birds were examined by light and transmission electron microscopy for the presence of intestinal or extraintestinal coccidiosis. Of the 212 fecal samples, 160 (75%) were positive for oocysts of Eimeria, including E. gruis in 139 (66%) and E. reichenowi in …

Ectoparasites Of Geomys Bursarius Illinoensis, Rick L. Miller

Masters Theses

This study was conducted to determine what ectoparasitic organisms are found on the pairie pocket gophers, Geomys burasrius, occurring in an isolated population in northeastern Illinois. The study area was a five hectare grassland community composed predominately of sandy soil, located in northeastern Iriquois Co., two miles north and three miles east of Beaverville, IL.

A total of 19 pocket gophers were captured from October 2 to November 17, 1983. Blood was collected and smears were made in the field. Hosts were examined for ectoparasites in the laboratory. Six hundred and nine ectoparasitic organisms were isolated representing a mean …

Analysis Of The Charleston, Illinois Water Supply For The Presence Of Organic Mutagens Utilizing The Ames Salmonella/Microsome Assay, Steven Lee Washburn

Masters Theses

Water samples from the Charleston, Illinois water supply and selected agricultural run-off areas were tested for the presence of organic mutagenic chemicals. The Ames Salmonella/microsome mutagenicity assay utilizing strains TA98 and TA100 was used to analyze concentrated water samples. A special set of samples was exposed to the S9 activation system coupled with the TA98 strain to simulate the mammalian metabolic system.

No mutagens were detected in any of the samples tested. Several positive and negative control systems were included in the testing system. Negative control systems were used to determine the average spontaneous reversion rates for each strain for …

Eimerians From Different Karyotypes Of The Japanese Wood Mouse (Apodemus Spp.), With Descriptions Of Two New Species And A Redescription Of Eimeria Montgomeryae Lewis And Ball, 1983, Constance D. Wash, Donald W. Duszynski, Terry L. Yates

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Examination of 131 wood mice (Apodemus spp.) representing 2 species and 6 subspecies collected from the Japanese islands of Hokkaido, Honshu, Kyushu, and Tsushima showed that 70 mice (53%) had coccidian oocysts in their feces. These included 21 of 42 (50%) Apodemus argenteus argenteus; 7 of 14 (50%) Apodemus argenteus hokkaidi; 2 of 3 (67%) Apodemus argenteus sagax; 3 of 9 (33%) Apodemus speciosus ainu; 36 of 61 (59%) Apodemus speciosus speciosus; and 1 of 2 (50%) Apodemus speciosus tusimaensis. Four distinct coccidians were identified: Eimeria argenteus n. sp. from A. a. argenteus …

Phylogenetics And The Future Of Helminth Systematics, Daniel R. Brooks

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Phylogenetic systematics is a relatively new formal technique that increases the precision with which one can make direct estimates of the history of phylogenetic descent. These estimates are made in the form of phylogenetic trees, or cladograms. Cladograms may be converted directly into classifications or they may be used to test various hypotheses about the evolutionary process. More than 20 phylogenetic analyses of helminth groups have been published already, and these have been used to investigate evolutionary questions in developmental biology, biogeography, speciation, coevolution, and evolutionary ecology.

American Society Of Parasitologists Henry Baldwin Ward Medal Acceptance Speech, Daniel R. Brooks

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Transcript of American Society of Parasitologists Henry Baldwin Ward Medal acceptance speech, by Daniel R. Brooks, in 1985.

Footrot In Sheep And Goats, Department Of Agriculture, Western Australia

Animal production and livestock published reports

Reference to sheep in this pamphlet applies equally to goats.

Footrot is a contagious disease of sheep and goats caused by the bacterium Baueroides nodosus.

The bacterium can cause varying degrees of damage to the horn of the foot. The resulting infection can lead to lameness and serious loss of body condition.

Eimeria Species (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) Infecting Peromyscus Rodents In The Southwestern United States And Northern Mexico With Description Of A New Species, David W. Reducker, Lynn Ann Hertel, Donald W. Duszynski

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Of 198 deermice (Peromyscus spp.) collected from various localities in the southwestern United States and northern Mexico, 106 (54%) had eimerian oocysts in their feces when examined. These included 50 of 106 (47%) Peromyscus truei, 34 of 54 (63%) Peromyscus maniculatus, 4 of 17 (24%) Peromyscus leucopus, and 18 of 21 (86%) Peromyscus eremicus. The following Eimeria were identified from infected mice: Eimeria arizonensis and Eimeria langebarteli from P. truei; E. arizonensis, Eimeria peromysci, and Eimeria delicata from P. maniculatus; E. arizonensis and Eimeria lachrymalis n. sp. from P. eremicus; …

A Rapid Concentration And Identification Technique For Human Malaria Infections Using A Mouse Model, Donald D. Barton

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Red blood cells infected with malaria parasites experience a change in density making them lighter (less dense). This paper reports a new, rapid diagnostic technique using this change in density in the infected red blood cell. It is not only easy to use, but it is also compatible with the technological conditions found where the malaria problem is most acute - in many developing countries of the world. A small sample of blood drawn from a simple finger stick can be concentrated and examined microscopically for malaria parasites within 10 minutes. The thick film slide preparation, presently used, takes a …

Synthesis And Localization Of A Development-Specific Protein In Sclerotia Of Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum, Geraldine Russo, James L. Van Etten

Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications

A development-specific protein (SSP) makes up about 35 to 40% of the total protein in sclerotia of the fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. The protein consists of three charge isomers, with one isomer making up 80 to 90% of the total. In vitro translation of poly(A)⁺ RNA isolated from cells in early stages of sclerotia formation revealed that 44% of the amino acids incorporated was into SSP. In vivo- and in vitro-synthesized forms of SSP migrated at identical rates on both isoelectric focusing and denaturing polyacrylamide gels, indicating that SSP was not synthesized as a larger precursor. This was significant …

Recovery Of Helminths From Prehistoric Feces: The Cultural Ecology Of Ancient Parasitism, Karl J. Reinhard

Karl Reinhard Publications

Several helminth parasites have been recovered from archaeological sites on the Colorado Plateau. These include Ascaris, Trichuris, Enterobius, Moniliformis, and tapeworms in the families Hymenolepidae and Taeniidae. The recovery of these animals demonstrates that cross-temporal: comparison of parasitism between different prehistoric lifestyles is possible. Such comparison might elucidate the effects of changing lifestyle and subsistance pattern on human parasitism.

Desiccated feces recovered from archaelogical deposits were studied. Hunter-gatherer feces were selected from Dust Devil Cave in southeastern Utah. Agriculturalist feces were studied from Antelope House, a cave site in northeastern Arizona, and Salmon Ruins, a Pueblo …

More Than Skin Deep: [Dr. D. Martin Carter], Fulvio Bardossi, Judith N. Schwartz

Rockefeller University Research Profiles

Rockefeller University Research Profiles are a series of scientific profiles that were published quarterly, from 1980-1990, by the Rockefeller University. Each issue features the research and achievements of an individual Rockefeller University scientist.

Back Matter

Henry Ford Hospital Medical Journal

No abstract provided.

Cryptosporidiosis In The Immunosuppressed Mouse And In Cell Culture, Mercy Prabhu Das

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Cryptosporidiosis is a parasitic infection primarily of animals that has been recently recognized as an important disease in immunocompromised humans. Most cases to date have occurred in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Persons with abnormal humoral or cellular immune function, and even normal subjects, have also been affected.

To determine whether or not mice, when experimentally immunosuppressed, would develop cryptosporidiosis, a test was designed using the AKR/J strain. This strain was selected because, it was previously reported that it was the strain shown to respond most readily to the production of disease caused by the opportunistic protozoan, Pneumocystis carinii …

A Study Of Transferable Antibiotic Resistance In Enteric Bacteria, Charles H. Regeski

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

A group of 48 enteric bacteria was selected from a total of 170 at Loma Linda University Medical Center because of resistance to three or more antibiotics. They were examined to see if any of the antibiotic resistances were transferred by conjugation to either of two recipient bacteria. These were a restrictionless, antibiotic sensitive, azide resistant mutant of Escherichia coli K 12 designated E. coli 1228 and a similar phenotypic strain of Salmonella typhimurium LT2 designated LB 5000. Forty-three transferred one or more antibiotic resistances to either or both recipients, a frequency of 25.3% of the total bacteria and 89.6% …

Helminth Parasites Of Thomomys Bulbivorus (Richardson) (Rodentia: Geomyidae), With The Description Of A New Species Of Hymenolepis (Cestoda), Scott Lyell Gardner

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

A cestode, Hymenolepis tualatinensis n. sp., is described from the pocket gopher, Thomomys bulbivorus (Richardson) (Rodentia: Geomyidae), from the Willamette Valley in Oregon. Helminths of four additional species were found. Trichuris fossor Hall, 1916, Ransomus rodentorum Hall, 1916, Heligmosomoides thomomyos Gardner and Jasmer, 1983, and Hymenolepis horrida (von Linstow, 1901), of which all but H. thomomyos represent new host records. A significant change in prevalence of the whipworm T. fossor in the population of T. bulbivorus from spring through summer was noted. Significant differences in prevalence of infection of helminths in pocket gophers collected from two different …

Coccidian Parasites (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) Of Microtus Spp. (Rodentia: Arvicolidae) From The United States, Mexico, And Japan, With Descriptions Of Five New Species, Tedman L. Vance, Donald W. Duszynski

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Beginning in July 1980, 149 voles (Microtus spp.) representing 9 species and 14 subspecies collected in Japan, Mexico and the United States were examined for coccidia; 67 (45%) had oocysts in their feces. These included 1 of 3 (33%) M. californicus sactidiegi; 0 of 1 M. longicaudus longicaudus; 0 of 1 M. l. macrurus; 48 of 111 (43%) M. mexicanus including 11 of 26 (42%) M. m. fulviventer, 1 of 2 (50%) M. m. fundatus, 13 of 31 (42%) M. m. mexicanus, 1 of 4 (25%) M. m. mogollonensis and 22 of 48 …

Reticulotaenia N. Gen. For Lateriporus Australis Jones And Williams, 1967, And Lateriporus Mawsoni Prudhoe, 1969 (Cestoda: Dilepididae), From Sheathbills, Chionis Spp., In Antarctica, With A Consideration Of Infraspecific Variation And Speciation, Eric P. Hoberg

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Reticulotaenia n. gen. was established in the family Dilepididae for two species of cestodes, formerly referred to Lateriporus Fuhrmann, 1907, that are characteristic helminths in sheathbills, Chionis spp., in Antarctica. The new genus was most similar to Lateriporus and Dilepis Weinland, 1858, but was easily distinguished from these and other genera of Dilepidinae having a unilateral genital pore. The salient features of Reticulotaenia were a rostellum armed with a single row of 10 hooks, a vaginal sphincter, and a reticulate ovary and uterus. Reticulotaenia australis (Jones and Williams, 1967) n. comb. was redescribed on the basis of specimens from Chionis …

Cellular Immunity In Children With Down Syndrome (Trisomy-21), Roger Lee Noble

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Individuals with Down syndrome (US) suffer from increased incidence of respiratory infections and lymphoblastic leukemia, and a death rate that is particularly high in the first 5 years of life. Relatively few studies have probed immune parameters in young US children. Primary immune defects in DS may be masked by a degree of immune maturity in adults, and hygienic factors may have an effect on immune capability throughout the years. A study of young children can give clearer evidence of the actual primary immune defects in DS.

Blood samples were drawn from 20 DS children under 6 years old and …

Anthropometry, Metabolic Control And Dietary Intake Of Youth With Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus, Rochelle A. Follaco Clark

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of this study was to describe a sample of insulin-dependent diabetic youth in terms of selected anthropometric measurements, level of metabolic control and dietary intake. The 22 subjects (10 males and 12 females) were between the ages of seven to 16 years and, except for one female, regularly attended a multidisciplinary outpatient diabetes clinic.

The study involved cross-sectional observation of height, weight, triceps and subscapular skinfold measurements, mid-arm muscle circumference and weight:height ratios, and comparison of these measurements to national norms derived from non-diabetic controls. Levels of metabolic control were observed using glycosylated hemoglobin values, and examined for …

Foliar Penetration Of A Fungicide As Detected By Scanning Electron Microscopy And Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis, C. R. Krause

Scanning Electron Microscopy

CU II hydroxide, (Cu(OH)₂) a fungicide, produces injury as a result of "chemical burn" or phytotoxicity on some plants. Scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray analysis were used to characterize chlorosis on red maple leaves following foliar applications of Cu(OH)₂. Copper was located with X-ray mapping in foliar mesophyll cells of trees sprayed with Cu(OH)₂ but not in leaves of trees sprayed with distilled H₂O.

A Study Of Cell-Mediated Immunity During A Primary Infection With Pseudorabies Virus, John George Chosay

Masters Theses

This research defines the role and sequence of cell-mediated immune events in an in vivo virus infection. Pseudorabies virus infected CF1 mice lungs, were assessed by his to logical or immunohistochemical means. Using fluorescein isothiocyanate Tabled anti-T lymphocyte (ATG) and lissamine rhodamineB200 labeled anti-macrophage globulins (AMG), the number of lymphocytes and macrophages were determined. An early increase in T cells (four hours post-innoculation) was followed by an increase in macrophages (15 hours post-innoculation). Thereafter tissue levels of T cells and macrophages remained constant. Thymus dependent lymphocyte; failed to show increase macrophages clustering as pathology progressed. The first pathological changes in …

Eimeria From Bats Of The World: A New Species In Tomopeas Ravus From Peru, Donald W. Duszynski, Linda J. Barkley

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Two of 17 (12%) crevice bats, Tomopeas ravus (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae), from Peru had coccidian oocysts in their feces when examined. Sporulated oocysts of Eimeria tomopea n. sp. are ellipsoid to subspheroid, 30.6 x 24.6 (26-34 x 20-28) μm with ovoid sporocysts 13.9 x 9.0 (12-15 x 8-10) μm. A micropyle and substieda body are absent, but polar bodies, oocyst and sporocyst residua, and small, indistinct Stieda bodies are present. The oocyst wall is thick, ≈1.5 μm and consists of 2 layers, the outermost being rough and mammillated. This is only the 13th eimerian to be described from bats worldwide. The …