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Comparison Of Two Diagnostic Assays For The Detection Of Serum Neutralizing Antibody To Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus, Justin Brown, Korakrit Poonsuk, Ting-Yu Cheng, Chris Rademacher, Erin Kalkwarf, Liying Tian, Lauren A. Mckeen, Chong Wang, Luis Gimenez-Lirola, David Baum, Locke A. Karriker

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Lactogenic immunity is important for the protection of piglets against many pathogens including porcine epidemic diarrhea virus. Circulating neutralizing antibodies levels in sow sera may help determine if a detectable immune response could confer protection to piglets. Neutralizing antibodies can be detected through various diagnostic assays. This study evaluated the diagnostic characteristics of two neutralizing antibody assays for porcine epidemic diarrhea virus neutralizing antibodies in serum of challenged gilts. Four treatment groups, control, non-vaccinated, vaccinated prior to challenge, and vaccinated following challenge, were comprised of 20 gilts. Serum sample were collected from each gilt prior to and following challenge with …

Bacterial Infections And Cancer: Exploring This Association And Its Implications For Cancer Patients., Kafayat Yusuf, Venkatesh Sampath, Shahid Umar

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

Bacterial infections are common in the etiology of human diseases owing to the ubiquity of bacteria. Such infections promote the development of periodontal disease, bacterial pneumonia, typhoid, acute gastroenteritis, and diarrhea in susceptible hosts. These diseases may be resolved using antibiotics/antimicrobial therapy in some hosts. However, other hosts may be unable to eliminate the bacteria, allowing them to persist for long durations and significantly increasing the carrier's risk of developing cancer over time. Indeed, infectious pathogens are modifiable cancer risk factors, and through this comprehensive review, we highlight the complex relationship between bacterial infections and the development of several cancer …

Dietary Methanolic Extract Of Fenugreek Enhanced The Growth, Haematobiochemical, Immune Responses, And Resistance Against Aeromonas Hydrophila In Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis Niloticus, Amany M. Diab, Basant T. Al-Khefa, Malik M. Khalafallah, Abdallah S. Salah

Faculty Journal Articles

No abstract provided.

Gauging The Role Of Personality In Risk Perception During A Health Crisis And Its Impact On Tourist Consumption Behaviour, Akshita Agarwal

Journal of Sustainability and Resilience

This study examines the influence of the tourist personality and the use of technology on the traveler behavior and the risk perception about travelling. The purpose of this study is to investigate the link between personality, risk perception, and travel behavior among French travelers. An online survey was conducted using a sample of 422 responses to examine individual variations in risk perception during a health crisis and their influence on travel behavior. The study was carried out using PLS-SEM, and a model was proposed that considered the substantial Average Variance Extracted (AVE) and Composite Reliability test findings. The findings demonstrated …

Clinical Outcomes Of Pediatric Osteomyelitis, Kylie Disch, Deidre A. Hill, Harry Snow, Walter Dehority

Pediatrics Research and Scholarship

Background

Osteomyelitis in children may produce severe sequelae. However, the frequency and distribution of such complications by type of osteomyelitis (chronic or acute) is not well described.

Methods

We searched the HealthFacts® database (containing medical information on 68 million individual patients in the United States) with 238 International Classification of Diseases (ICD) version 10 codes for acute osteomyelitis and chronic osteomyelitis appearing in 2015. Outcomes were recorded for each subject, including development of limb length discrepancies, pathologic fractures, mortality, and need for multiple surgeries or prolonged orthopedic care (one to two years following diagnosis). Gender, age and season of diagnosis …

Care Through Connection: Patient Mutuality And Working Alliance Curriculum, N Mariam Salas, Kathryn Lenberg

HSC Education Days

Background: There is clear evidence in the psychology literature that beyond “people skills,” providers who give the patient an active role in developing the treatment plan can increase the adherence to the medical plan by 70%. Though this is utilized extensively in psychology, medical trainees are not routinely taught these communication skills. To arm our fellows with these necessary skills, we worked with our clinical psychologist, Dr. Kathryn Lenberg, to develop an integrated curriculum over the 2-year period of the fellowship. Implementation: We began a phased roll out of the curriculum in 2020. During elective rotations, fellows spent 1 hour …

Remote Staff Instruction To Implement Thorough Handwashing With Individuals With Autism, Monica Patel

Doctoral Dissertations

Behavioral skills training (BST), a behavior analytic training model including instructions, modeling, rehearsal, and feedback, has been a widely effective training method for staff, caregivers, and students. Results from BST component analyses suggest that instructions, when presented without subsequent rehearsal and feedback, are often ineffective; however, the occurrence of the COVID-19 pandemic and the physical distancing measures required to prevent its spread have increased the need for easily disseminated virtual staff training models, particularly with respect to implementing activities of daily living programs which may further help to prevent the spread of infectious disease in the workplace. Thus, we evaluated …

Kotter’S 8-Step Model For Leading Change Applied To Lgbtq Healthcare Curriculum Interventions, Jonathan P. Hulse, Tk King, Lucia Vulcan

HSC Education Days

The LGBT community experiences unique health needs that many healthcare providers do not possess adequate training to address. This critical barrier to promoting the health of the LGBT population contributes to health disparities and discrimination, especially the transgender population who experience high rates of discrimination and difficulty accessing gender affirming care. This session will address strategies for creating and implementing curricula that addresses LGBT specific health needs.

A Phenomenological Study In Understanding The Influence Of Educators On Strengthening Resiliency In Homeless And Highly Mobile Students, Mary E. Thrasher

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this phenomenological study was to discover how educators identified homeless and highly mobile students and encouraged the characteristics of resiliency. This study was conducted using the educators at an urban school district in southern California. The theory guiding this study was Garmezy’s theory on resiliency as it pertained to the development and encouragement of the characteristics of resiliency in homeless and highly mobile students. The study was a transcendental phenomenological study. The sample were volunteers who are educators at the urban southern California school district. To facilitate triangulation, data collection was conducted by semi-structured interviews, a focus …

Immunogenetic Determinants Of Susceptibility To Head And Neck Cancer In The Million Veteran Program Cohort, Yanhong Liu, Jennifer R Kramer, Vlad C Sandulache, Robert Yu, Guojun Li, Liang Chen, Zenab I Yusuf, Yunling Shi, Saiju Pyarajan, Spyros Tsavachidis, Li Jiao, Michelle L Mierzwa, Elizabeth Chiao, Yvonne M Mowery, Andrew Shuman, Sanjay Shete, Andrew G Sikora, Donna L White

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Increasing rates of human papillomavirus (HPV)-driven oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) have largely offset declines in tobacco-associated head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) at non-OPC sites. Host immunity is an important modulator of HPV infection, persistence, and clearance, and also of immune evasion in both virally- and nonvirally-driven cancers. However, the association between collective known cancer-related immune gene variants and HNSCC susceptibility has not been fully characterized. Here, we conducted a genetic association study in the multiethnic Veterans Affairs Million Veteran Program cohort, evaluating 16,050 variants in 1,576 immune genes in 4,012 HNSCC cases (OPC = 1,823; non-OPC = 2,189) and …

Bats Increased Foraging Activity At Experimental Prey Patches Near Hibernacula, Winifred F. Frick, Yvonne A. Dzal, Kristin A. Jonasson, Michael D. Whitby, Amanda M. Adams, Christen Long, John E. Depue, Christian M. Newman, Craig K. R. Willis, Tina L. Cheng

Nebraska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit: Staff Publications

1. Emerging infectious diseases in wildlife can threaten vulnerable host populations. Actions targeting habitat improvements to aid population resilience and recovery may be beneficial long-term strategies, yet testing the efficacy of such strategies before major conservation investments are made can be challenging.

2. The disease white-nose syndrome (WNS) has caused severe declines in several species of North American hibernating bats. We tested a novel conservation approach targeted at improving foraging conditions near bat hibernacula by experimentally manipulating insect density in the pre-hibernation fattening period and spring emergence recovery period. We measured foraging (feeding buzzes) and echolocation activity of little brown bats Myotis …

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Technology In Action: Multiplex Pcr In The Tripledemic, Aditya Loganathan, Ishan S. Abdullah, Andrew C. Meltzer

URGENT Matters

No abstract provided.

Deciphering Microbiota Of Acute Upper Respiratory Infections: A Comparative Analysis Of Pcr And Mngs Methods For Lower Respiratory Trafficking Potential, Sadia Almas, Rob E. Carpenter, Anuradha Singh, Chase Rowan, Vaibhav Tamrakar, Rahul Sharma

Human Resource Development Faculty Publications and Presentations

Although it is clinically important for acute respiratory tract (co)infections to have a rapid and accurate diagnosis, it is critical that respiratory medicine understands the advantages of current laboratory methods. In this study, we tested nasopharyngeal samples (n = 29) with a commercially available PCR assay and compared the results with those of a hybridization-capture-based mNGS workflow. Detection criteria for positive PCR samples was Ct < 35 and for mNGS samples it was >40% target coverage, median depth of 1X and RPKM > 10. A high degree of concordance (98.33% PPA and 100% NPA) was recorded. However, mNGS yielded positively 29 additional microorganisms (23 bacteria, 4 viruses, and …

Fetal Demise And Wernicke–Korsakoff Syndrome In A Patient With Hyperemesis Gravidarum: A Case Report, Alisa Olmsted, Andrea Desimone, Jahaira Lopez-Pastrana, Madeleine Becker

Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior Faculty Papers

Background: Wernicke–Korsakoff syndrome is a neuropsychiatric disorder caused by thiamine deficiency composed of two related disorders accounting for an acute presentation and chronic progression. Hyperemesis gravidarum presents a significant risk factor for Wernicke–Korsakoff syndrome as symptoms may rapidly progress in the setting of pregnancy. We present the first-reported case of hyperemesis-gravidarum-associated Wernicke encephalopathy in a patient in the first half of pregnancy in which a missed diagnosis led to septic shock, fetal demise, and eventual profound Korsakoff syndrome.

Case Presentation: We present the case of a 33-year-old primigravid African American woman at 15 weeks gestational age who initially presented at …

Interactions Between Humans And Dogs During The Covid-19 Pandemic: Recent Updates And Future Perspectives, Mohamed S. Kamel, Amr A. El-Sayed, Rachel A. Munds, Mohit S. Verma

Purdue University Libraries Open Access Publishing Fund

COVID-19 is one of the deadliest epidemics. This pandemic is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), but the role of dogs in spreading the disease in human society is poorly understood. This review sheds light on the limited susceptibility of dogs to COVID-19 infections which is likely attributed to the relatively low levels of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in the respiratory tract and the phylogenetic distance of ACE2 in dogs from the human ACE2 receptor. The low levels of ACE2 affect the binding affinity between spike and ACE2 proteins resulting in it being uncommon for dogs to …

A Dlg1-Arhgap31-Cdc42 Axis Is Essential For The Intestinal Stem Cell Response To Fluctuating Niche Wnt Signaling, David Castillo-Azofeifa, Tomas Wald, Efren A Reyes, Aaron Gallagher, Julia Schanin, Stephanie Vlachos, Nathalie Lamarche-Vane, Carolyn Bomidi, Sarah Blutt, Mary K Estes, Todd Nystul, Ophir D Klein

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

A central factor in the maintenance of tissue integrity is the response of stem cells to variations in the levels of niche signals. In the gut, intestinal stem cells (ISCs) depend on Wnt ligands for self-renewal and proliferation. Transient increases in Wnt signaling promote regeneration after injury or in inflammatory bowel diseases, whereas constitutive activation of this pathway leads to colorectal cancer. Here, we report that Discs large 1 (Dlg1), although dispensable for polarity and cellular turnover during intestinal homeostasis, is required for ISC survival in the context of increased Wnt signaling. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and genetic mouse models demonstrated …

Presence Of Symptoms 6 Weeks After Covid-19 Among Vaccinated And Unvaccinated Us Healthcare Personnel: A Prospective Cohort Study, Nicholas M. Mohr, Ian D. Plumb, Kari K. Harland, Tamara Pilishvili, Katherine E. Fleming-Dutra, Anusha Krishnadasan, Karin F. Hoth, Sharon H. Saydah, Zachary Mankoff, John P. Haran, Melissa Briggs-Hagen, Eliezer Santos León, David A. Talan

Department of Emergency Medicine Faculty Papers

OBJECTIVES: Although COVID-19 vaccines offer protection against infection and severe disease, there is limited information on the effect of vaccination on prolonged symptoms following COVID-19. Our objective was to determine differences in prevalence of prolonged symptoms 6 weeks after onset of COVID-19 among healthcare personnel (HCP) by vaccination status, and to assess differences in timing of return to work.

DESIGN: Cohort analysis of HCP with COVID-19 enrolled in a multicentre vaccine effectiveness study. HCP with COVID-19 between December 2020 and August 2021 were followed up 6 weeks after illness onset.

SETTING: Health systems in 12 US states.

PARTICIPANTS: HCP participating …

Comprehensive Smn1 And Smn2 Profiling For Spinal Muscular Atrophy Analysis Using Long-Read Pacbio Hifi Sequencing., Xiao Chen, John Harting, Emily G. Farrow, Isabelle Thiffault, Dalia Kasperaviciute, Genomics England Research Consortium, Alexander Hoischen, Christian Gilissen, T Pastinen, Michael A. Eberle

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

Spinal muscular atrophy, a leading cause of early infant death, is caused by bi-allelic mutations of SMN1. Sequence analysis of SMN1 is challenging due to high sequence similarity with its paralog SMN2. Both genes have variable copy numbers across populations. Furthermore, without pedigree information, it is currently not possible to identify silent carriers (2+0) with two copies of SMN1 on one chromosome and zero copies on the other. We developed Paraphase, an informatics method that identifies full-length SMN1 and SMN2 haplotypes, determines the gene copy numbers, and calls phased variants using long-read PacBio HiFi data. The SMN1 and SMN2 copy-number …

Insights Into Cell-Specific Functions Of Microtubules In Skeletal Muscle Development And Homeostasis, Lathan Lucas, Thomas A Cooper

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

The contractile cells of skeletal muscles, called myofibers, are elongated multinucleated syncytia formed and maintained by the fusion of proliferative myoblasts. Human myofibers can be hundreds of microns in diameter and millimeters in length. Myofibers are non-mitotic, obviating the need for microtubules in cell division. However, microtubules have been adapted to the unique needs of these cells and are critical for myofiber development and function. Microtubules in mature myofibers are highly dynamic, and studies in several experimental systems have demonstrated the requirements for microtubules in the unique features of muscle biology including myoblast fusion, peripheral localization of nuclei, assembly of …

Hepatoprotective And Anti-Inflammatory Effects Of Entecavir Or Probiotics On Oxaliplatin-Induced Liver Injury In The Rats, Asem Anwar Askandar, Ansam Naji Alhassani

Polytechnic Journal

Oxaliplatin (OXA), a current cancer chemotherapeutic, has low efficacy and is linked to serious adverse effects, including liver damage. We anticipated that probiotics and entecavir would help reduce OXA-induced liver damage because the pathophysiology of drug-induced liver damage is thought to be related to the disordered gut microbiota. Twenty-four rats were used in this study and divided into 4 groups: control group (n=6), OXA group (n=6), entecavir (ENT) group (n=6), and probiotics (PRO) group (n=6). After 3 weeks, all rats were sacrificed, and blood samples were analyzed for alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), interleukin 6 …

Gw Ophthalmology On-Call: 02/2023, Yusuf Bade, Meredith Wells, Sasha Narain, Jacob Diaz

GW Ophthalmology On-Call

No abstract provided.

Animal Welfare - Environment - Sustainable Development Nexus: Scoping Study, Janice H. Cox

Nexus – UNEP – Animal Welfare, Environment, Sustainable Development

A detailed report on the links between animal welfare, environmental health and global sustainability. Issues discussed include climate change, biodiversity, pollution and waste management, one health, sustainable development and just transitions.

Research On The Influence Of Management Practices On Hospital Performance: An Empirical Study Based On Hospitals In Eastern China, Zhihua Zhang

Fordham Dissertations and Theses

Since the beginning of the 21st century, a series of challenges have been confronting global health development, including significant factors affecting human health such as population aging, severe infectious diseases, and climate change. In particular, the COVID-19 that swept the globe in the past three years has posed a major comprehensive test to the global health governance system. As both the last line of defense for human health and the largest consumer of health resources, how the hospital can "improve quality and promote efficiency" based on limited resources is the core of the first priority. Previous studies have proven that …

Impacts Of Protected Areas On Respiratory Health In The Brazilian Amazon, Katrina Mullan

University Grant Program Reports

There is growing interest in the connection between the conservation of ecosystems and human health. Protection of ecosystems is often presented by opponents to be in direct conflict with human values, on the grounds that it restricts economic opportunities. At the same time, human health is a universal value that cuts across political, economic, and social divisions. To date, the empirical evidence for the extent to which conservation or land-use policy can generate health improvements is minimal. This project contributed by focusing on one large-scale policy, Brazil’s Amazon biome Protected Area (PA) network. It provided funds for processing and analysis …

From The Organismal To Biosphere Levels: Environmental Impacts On The Amphibian Microbiota, Obed Hernandez-Gomez, Jessica Hua

Natural Sciences and Mathematics | Faculty Scholarship

This review summarizes the role of environmental factors on amphibian microbiotas at the organismal, population, community, ecosystem, and biosphere levels. At the organismal-level, tissue source, disease status, and experimental manipulations were the strongest predictors of variation in amphibian microbiotas. At the population-level, habitat quality, disease status, and ancestry were commonly documented as drivers of microbiota turnover. At the community-level, studies focused on how species’ niche influence microbiota structure and function. At the ecosystem-level, abiotic and biotic reservoirs were important contributors to microbiota structure. At the biosphere-level, databases, sample banks, and semi-natural experiments were commonly used to describe microbiota assembly mechanisms …

Evaluation Of Topical Microbicides For Their Acute Toxicities And Ability To Induce Proinflammatory Cytokines Tnf-A, Il-1b, Il-6 And Il-8 In Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells And Macrophages, Aladin A. Siddig, Olivier M. Tchimou, Mohammad N. Uddin, Kwame Yeboah

Faculty Research ​and Publications

Purpose: Topical Microbicides have been used as vaginal microbicides in clinical trials as anti-HIV-1 products. The objectives of this project were to evaluate selected popular topical microbicide drug products for their acute toxicities to colorectal epithelial cells and primary immune cells such as Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMC) and Macrophages and to further determine if these microbicide products could induce genital tract inflammation via extra production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8.

Methodology: Toxicities of Nonoxynol-9, KY jelly, CAP, PRO2000 (4%), PRO2000 (0.5%), UC781(1%), UC781(0.1%) and VenaGelTM microbicides were determined by cellular viability of colorectal adenocarcinoma …

Development Of A Novel Mathematical Model That Explains Sars-Cov-2 Infection Dynamics In Caco-2 Cells, Vladimir Staroverov, Stepan Nersisyan, Alexei Galatenko, Dmitriy Alekseev, Sofya Lukashevich, Fedor Ployakov, Nikita Anisimov, Alexander Tonevitsky

COVID-19 Papers, Posters, and Presentations

Mathematical modeling is widely used to study within-host viral dynamics. However, to the best of our knowledge, for the case of SARS-CoV-2 such analyses were mainly conducted with the use of viral load data and for the wild type (WT) variant of the virus. In addition, only few studies analyzed models for in vitro data, which are less noisy and more reproducible. In this work we collected multiple data types for SARS-CoV-2-infected Caco-2 cell lines, including infectious virus titers, measurements of intracellular viral RNA, cell viability data and percentage of infected cells for the WT and Delta variants. We showed …

One And A Half-Stage Revision With Prosthetic Articulating Spacer For Definitive Management Of Knee Periprosthetic Joint Infection., Ahmed Siddiqi, Yusuf Mahmoud, Salvador A. Forte, Thomas A Novack, James Nace

Orthopedic Surgery Resident Research

This paper is a comprehensive review that describes indications, contraindications, clinical outcomes, and pearls and pitfalls of 1.5-stage revision total knee arthroplasty (TKA) utilizing a primary TKA femoral component, all-polyethylene tibial component, and hand-crafted antibiotic cement for the management of chronic periprosthetic joint infection. The 1.5-stage exchange TKA details placement of an articulating spacer for an indefinite period, prolonging revision until reinfection, deterioration of functional status, or construct failure. A 1.5-stage revision TKA technique is a viable option for treatment of chronic periprosthetic knee infections. The inherent advantages of decreased health-care costs, decreased morbidity and mortality, and improved emotional ease …

Streptococcus Constellatus Brain Abscess In A Middle-Aged Man With An Undiagnosed Patent Foramen Ovale, Susan G. Wager, Nina K. Bourdeau, Joshua D. Collins

Internal Medicine Articles

Brain abscess is a rare diagnosis. Common sources of infection include direct spread from otic sources, sinuses, or oral cavities, and hematogenous spread from distant sources, including the heart and lungs. Brain abscess with cultures growing oral flora species, in rare cases, may develop from bacteria in the oral cavity entering the bloodstream and then traveling to the brain via a patent foramen ovale. This report highlights a case of brain abscess caused by Streptococcus constellatus in a middle-aged man with an undiagnosed patent foramen ovale.

Herpes Simplex Virus-Associated Aplastic Anemia, Oscar A. Hinojosa, Omar Ammari

Internal Medicine Articles

Aplastic anemia is an uncommon condition defined by peripheral pancytopenia in the context of hypocellular bone marrow. In the majority of cases, it is idiopathic in origin. However, exposure to certain drugs and toxins, autoimmune processes, and viral infections have been linked to this entity. This is the case of a 56-year-old female with an acute presentation of fever, odynophagia, and dysphagia. Physical examination revealed multiple hemorrhagic ulcers affecting her oropharyngeal mucosa with regions of necrosis. Mucosal biopsy was compatible with the presence of local necrosis and keratinization. Hematological analysis showed severe peripheral pancytopenia, and the bone marrow biopsy revealed …