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Presidential Address: Parasitology: Retrospect And Prospect, Robert L. Rausch, Gerald D. Schmidt

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Transcript of the presidential address given by Dr. Robert L. Rausch, of the University of Washington, at the 59th Annual Meeting, American Society of Parasitologists, August 9, 1984, in Snowbird, Utah, with a transcript of introductory remarks given by Dr. Gerald D. Schmidt, of the University of Northern Colorado.

Lectins, El-Nasir Lalani, M Wells

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine

No abstract provided.

Three Blind Mice, See How They Run: A Critique Of Behavioral Research With Animals, Michael A. Giannelli

Experimentation Collection

Animal research has been a traditionally accepted and respected part of modern psychology from its earliest days. The prevalent view of animals in contemporary psychology has origins far more basic than the scientific method. Its roots are deeply imbedded in Judaeo-Christian culture, a tradition which postulates a wide gulf between humankind and the animal world. The Darwinian revolution and the ethological outlook it fostered, while of immense biological significance, has for the most part been neglected by modern American comparative psychologists in favor of a positivistic-behaviorist orientation with a heavy reliance upon laboratory experimentation.

In recent years, opposition to animal …

Sex Differences In The Recognition Of Infant Facial Expressions Of Emotion: The Primary Caretaker Hypothesis, Raymond B. Hames, Wayne A. Babchuk

Department of Anthropology: Faculty Publications

Although much research has been devoted to studying sex differences In functioning (e.g., Maccoby and Jacklin 1974), most efforts have been directed toward documenting or elucidating the proximate causes of sex differences. Few attempts have been made, however, to explain the ultimate causes of these differences or the selective pressures that have led to the development or psychological differences between males and females [for exception see Symons (1979) and Daly and Wilson (1983)]. Toward this end of blending psychology with evolutionary theory we develop what we call the " primary caretaker hypothesis," which predicts that the sex that through evolutionary …

Reminiscences: My Forty-Year Romance With Malaria, G. Robert Coatney

Transactions of the Nebraska Academy of Sciences and Affiliated Societies

Looking back some 55 years since beginning my graduate studies, I have come to appreciate my good fortune: (1) to have inaugurated and carried out, over a period of some 35 years, a three-pronged research program (birds, simians, and man) against the world's most important infectious disease-malaria -and during two-thirds of that time, carrying worrisome administrative responsibilities; (2) to have participated in national and international efforts towards alleviation and control of that disease; (3) to have had a remarkable group of professional and subprofessional people who shared all kinds of problems; (4) to have received full support of my scientific …

Modification Of Sand Fly Biting Behavior By Leishmania Leads To Increased Parasite Transmission, Raymond Beach, Gabriel Kjilu, Johannis Leeuwenberg

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Library Materials

To attempt rodent-sand fly-rodent transmission of Leishmania major, laboratory-reared Phlebotomus doboscqi were fed on L. major-infected mice and then refed on uninfected mice 21 days later. Flies which refed either probed 1–2 times and took a full blood meal in less than 10 minutes or probed 3 or more times and took little or no blood during a period of 15 minutes or more. When dissected, 7 of 8 flies which experienced difficulty in obtaining a blood meal had flagellates in their cibaria, an observation supporting the hypothesis that parasites in this part of the alimentary canal modify normal …

Development And Life Cycles, Gerald D. Schmidt

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Embryological development and biology of the Acanthocephala occupied the attention of several early investigators. Most notable among these were Leuckart (1862), Schneider (1871), Hamann (1891 a) and Kaiser (1893). These works and others, including his own observations, were summarized by Meyer (1933) in the monograph celebrated by the present volume. For this reason findings of these early researchers are not discussed further, except to say that it would be difficult to find more elegant, detailed and correct studies of acanthocephalan ontogeny than those published by these pioneers.

Since Meyer's monograph, many studies have been published on most aspects of …

A List Of Records Of Freshwater Aspidogastrids (Trematoda) And Their Hosts In North America, Sherman S. Hendrix, Malcolm F. Vidrine, Raymond H. Hartenstine

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Published records for the six species of North American freshwater aspidogastrid trematodes from molluscs and vertebrates have been compiled, listing both hosts and localities for state or province. Seventeen new unionid mussel hosts (Bivalvia) are reported for Aspidogaster conchicola along with new state records for Arkansas, Connecticut, Delaware, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, New York, Virginia, and San Luis Potosi (Mexico); 12 new unionid host species for Cotylaspis insignis, with new state records for Arkansas, Delaware, Massachusetts, Mississippi, New Jersey, Rhode Island, and Wisconsin; five new unionid hosts for Cotylogaster occidentalis, with new state records for Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, …

Nearshore Foodwebs And The Distribution Of Acanthocephalan Parasites In Antarctic Seabirds, Eric P. Hoberg

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Field studies, in the vicinity of Palmer Station during the austral summer of 1982— 1983, yielded an extensive collection of acanthocephalans and other parasites from seabirds, fish and invertebrates. The continuing analysis of this material has resulted in the elucidation of factors that control the occurrence of Corynosoma spp. in Antarctic seabirds. Notably, the host-distribution of Corynosoma spp. suggested that these parasites were being acquired from piscine or possibly amphipod prey, generally in nearshore habitats.

Introduction [To Biology Of The Acanthocephala], Brent B. Nickol

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Introduction to Biology of the Acanthocephala, edited by D.W.T. Crompton and Brent B. Nickol; Cambridge University Press, 1985.

Development And Life Cycles: [Chapter 8 In Biology Of The Acanthocephala], Gerald D. Schmidt, Brent B. Nickol

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Embryological development and biology of the Acanthocephala occupied the attention of several early investigators. Most notable among these were Leuckart (1862), Schneider (1871), Hamann (1891a) and Kaiser (1893). These works and others, including his own observations, were summarized by Meyer (1933) in the monograph celebrated by the present volume. For this reason findings of these early researchers are not discussed further, except to say that it would be difficult to find more elegant, detailed and correct studies of acanthocephalan ontogeny than those published by these pioneers.

Since Meyer's monograph, many studies have been published on most aspects of the biology …

Epizootiology: [Chapter 9 In Biology Of The Acanthocephala], Brent B. Nickol

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

In practice, epizootiology deals with how parasites spread through host populations, how rapidly the spread occurs and whether or not epizootics result. Prevalence, incidence, factors that permit establishment of infection, host response to infection, parasite fecundity and methods of transfer are, therefore, aspects of epizootiology. Indeed, most aspects of a parasite could be related in sorne way to epizootiology, but many of these topics are best considered in other contexts. General patterns of transmission, adaptations that facilitate transmission, establishment of infection and occurrence of epizootics are discussed in this chapter.

When life cycles are unknown, little progress can be made …

The Pentastomid Sebekia Mississippiensis Sp. N. In The American Alligator And Other Hosts, Robin M. Overstreet, J. Teague Self, Kent A. Vliet

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Sebekia mississippiensis sp. n. is described from Alligator mississippiensis in Louisiana, Mississippi, and Florida. Closely related to S. oxycephala in South American crocodilians, it differs by having a smaller and less spinous hook shield, a broader base for the posterior extensions of the oral cadre. and a thinner and more delicate tegument. The male reproductive system differs somewhat from that described for other pentastomids. Nymphs parasitize several fishes as well as turtles, snakes, and mammals.

Observations On The Adherence Of Bacteroides Bivius To Female Genital Tract And Oral Epithelial Cells, Susan V. Meade

Master's Theses

No abstract provided.

Back Matter

Henry Ford Hospital Medical Journal

No abstract provided.

Effects Of Space Shuttle Exhaust Plumes On Gills Of Some Estuarine Fishes: A Light And Electron Microscopic Study, William E. Hawkins, Robin M. Overstreet, Mark J. Provancha

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

The first few launches of the space shuttle resulted in fish kills in a lagoon near the launch site. To study this phenomenon further, sheepshead minnow (Cyprinodon variegatus), sailfin molly (Poecilia latipinna), and mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis) were exposed to the exhaust plume in buckets placed near the launch site. An open bucket provided a full exposure, a partly closed one provided an intermediate exposure, and a closed one was the control. Three h after launch, the pH of the water from the full exposure had decreased from about 7 to about 3, Al and …

A New Gall-Forming Species Of Anguina Scopoli, 1777 (Nemata: Anguinidae) On Bluegrass, Poa Annua L., From The Coast Of California, I. Cid Del Prado Vera, Armand R. Maggenti

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Anguina pacificae n. sp. is described and illustrated from stem galls on bluegrass, Poa annua L., from golf courses along coastal California. The females are characterized by constrictions in the anterior and posterior connections of the isthmus with the respective parts of the esophagus, the long multicellular columella, and the sharply pointed tail tip. Males are dorsally curved after death; body width is increased markedly after 13 annuli in both sexes, and the tail is conical and with an acute terminus.

In Memoriam: Konstantin Minaevich Ryzhikov, 1912-1983, Robert L. Rausch

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Obituary of Konstantin Minaevich Ryzhikov, 1912-1983.

Back Matter

Henry Ford Hospital Medical Journal

No abstract provided.

Alcataenia Pygmaeus Sp. N. (Cestoda: Dilepididae) From The Whiskered Auklet, Aethia Pygmaea, In The Western Aleutian Islands, Alaska, With A Comment On The Genera Alcataenia And Rissotaenia, Eric P. Hoberg

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Alcataenia pygmaeus sp. n. is described from whiskered auklets, Aethia pygmaea (Gmelin), from the western Aleutian Islands, Alaska. It is distinguished from its congeners by the overall small size of the strobila and a combination of other characters. The rostellum is armed with 34-38 hooks that measure 41-49 µm in length. The cirrus sac is relatively short, 101-174 µm in length, and reaches or just crosses the poral osmoregulatory canals. There are 36-50 testes located entirely posterior to the female organs. The scolex is deeply embedded in the mucosal tissue of the duodenum of the host. This is the first …

Discobothrium Caribbensis Sp. N., A Lecanicephalidean Cestode From A Yellow-Spotted Stingray, Urolophus Jamaicensis, In Jamaica, Scott Lyell Gardner, Gerald D. Schmidt

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Discobothrium caribbensis sp. n. (Lecanicephalidea) is described from the spiral valve of the yellow- spotted stingray, Urolophus jamaicensis from Jamaica. The new species is the only member of the genus described with four testes. It is most similar in number of testes to D. japonicum Yamaguti, 1934, which has six testes and a myzorhynchus. A myzorhynchus is absent in D. caribbensis.

An Overview Of The Newer Antibiotics, Ramon Del Busto

Henry Ford Hospital Medical Journal

The introduction of a large number of new antibiotics has made selecting the one most appropriate for treatment a confusing task for the practicing physician. One problem is that the differences in pharmacokinetics, in vitro activity, and clinical indications between some of these agents may be relatively minor; this is especially true of the new cephalosporins. Another problem is that the generic names of the cephalosporins are so similar that it is impractical, even for the infectious diseases specialist, to be familiar with all of them. This review attempts to summarize the most important characteristics of these new antibiotics and …

Viral Hepatitis: Update On Prevention, Miriam J. Alter

Henry Ford Hospital Medical Journal

No abstract provided.

Front Matter

Henry Ford Hospital Medical Journal

No abstract provided.

Infectious Diseases And The Persisting Microbial Challenge, Louis D. Saravolatz

Henry Ford Hospital Medical Journal

No abstract provided.

Prospects For The Medical Use Of Interferon In 1984, Bosko Postic, Julio C. Arroyo

Henry Ford Hospital Medical Journal

Interferon, a natural and wide spectrum antiviral polypeptide that was discovered in 1957, has been extensively described. In addition to its antiviral effect, interferon has been found to suppress tumor growth and modulate the immune response. Until 1980, interferon was primarily prepared for clinical trials in human leukocytes derived from the buffy coat of whole blood. A major breakthrough occurred in the late 1970s when human interferon was produced by DNA recombinant methods in such heterologous cells as bacteria (genetic engineering). Interferon is not commercially available in 1984, but it may, based on clinical trials in humans, become part of …

Back Matter

Henry Ford Hospital Medical Journal

No abstract provided.

Inquiry Into The Causes And Significance Of Cytoplasmic Vacuolation Of Neutrophils In The Peripheral Circulation, Gary Xavier Haight

Dissertations and Theses

One-half million cases of septicemia are reported annually with a mortality of around 35%. Diagnosis depends in part on blood cultures which require one to two weeks. It would be advantageous if an early sign of septicemia were available.

Cytoplasmic vacuolation of polymorphonuclear neutropnils is occasionally seen in the peripheral blood smears of patients who have infections. The object of this work was to determine the cause and significance of cytoplasmic vacuolation with the goal of using the occurrence of vacuolation as an early indicator of infection.

Ultrastructure Of The Interface Between Stages Of Eimeria Funduli (Apicomplexa) And Hepatocytes Of The Longnose Killifish, Fundulus Similis, William E. Hawkins, John W. Fournie, Robin M. Overstreet

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

The interface between stages of Eimeria funduli and hepatocytes of the experimentally infected killifish Fundulus similis was studied ultrastructurally. Parasitophorous vacuoles (PV's) in which meronts, macrogamonts, and microgamonts developed were lined by an inner, smooth membrane and an outer, ribosome-studded membrane. The outer membrane bordered on the cytoplasm of the host cell, whereas the inner one limited the PV. The origins of these membranes have not been determined with certainty, but images were observed in which both membranes appeared to be continuous with the outer nuclear membrane of the host cell. Furthermore, the outer PV membrane was continuous with membranes …

The Taxonomic Status Of Echinococcus Cruzi Brumpt And Joyeux, 1924 (Cestoda: Taeniidae) From An Agouti (Rodentia: Dasyproctidae) In Brazil, Robert L. Rausch, A. D'Alessandro, M. Ohbayashi

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Paratype material of Echinococcus cruzi Brumpt and Joyeux, 1924, described from an agouti, Dasyprocta leporina (L.), in Brazil, was compared with Echinococcus oligarthrus (Diesing, 1863), of which the larval stage occurs also in agoutis and other rodents in South America and Central America. Comparisons of the larval cestodes (metacestodes) showed that the rostellar hooks from protoscolices of the two taxa corresponded in form, and their slightly greater lengths in E. cruzi were considered to be of no taxonomic significance. They agreed as well in other morphological characteristics. Echinococcus cruzi was compared also with the other neotropical species, E. vogeli Rausch …