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Filters For Fiji: A Modified Cracker Box Biosand Filter For Rural Fiji, Geneva Newell, Cameron Lowrey, Thomas Burt, Lexie Caterine
Filters For Fiji: A Modified Cracker Box Biosand Filter For Rural Fiji, Geneva Newell, Cameron Lowrey, Thomas Burt, Lexie Caterine
Civil and Environmental Engineering
Water quality remains a major issue throughout rural Fiji, as current solutions rely on outside organizations providing money or technology. The goal of Filters for Fiji’s research was to develop a sustainable water filtration method for the people of rural Fiji, through ethnographic and biological research. In order to be sustainable, the filter had to be inexpensive (less than USD$15), simply built and maintained, and suitable for the end-user. The driving question of the research was: can a plastic, modified biosand filter be constructed from materials that could be sourced locally in rural Fijian communities? To answer this question, feedback …
City Farm Of Slo Animal Feed Shed, Jacob Ryan Pizzifred
City Farm Of Slo Animal Feed Shed, Jacob Ryan Pizzifred
Construction Management
The City Farm of SLO is a local nonprofit for San Luis Obispo that functions as an education center for individuals looking to live more sustainably. This organization teaches different aspects of farming such as planting crops, taking care of them, how to care for a wide variety of farm animals, and maintain the health of the farm. To achieve all these objectives, facilities must be in place to ensure the correct number of materials are available. One lacking feature of this farm is the space to store animal feed. Before this project the food was stored outside subject to …
Slab Extension At Woods Humane Society, Corey K. Smith
Slab Extension At Woods Humane Society, Corey K. Smith
Construction Management
Woods Humane Society is an animal shelter that provides pet rehabilitation and adoption services to San Luis Obispo and surrounding areas. The Woods’ facility contains a number of kennels for dogs as well as numerous outdoor, fenced-in, concrete exercise yards. These yards give dogs the opportunity to play outside a few times a day allowing them to get vital exercise. One of these yards on the south side of the property had an exterior fence that was offset from an existing slab on the interior of the fence by one foot. This was an issue for the shelter as dogs …
City Farm Slo Fencing Upgrade, Jorge Ignacio Hernandez
City Farm Slo Fencing Upgrade, Jorge Ignacio Hernandez
Construction Management
This paper outlines the process of a fence upgrade that was built for a non-profit organization in San Luis Obispo, CA called City Farm SLO. The City Farm SLO is a non-profit organization that educates locals how to grow healthy and sustainable foods. This new fencing project spans a total of 422 feet with three new farm gates. The process that was approached for this project was to have it planned in three different phases. The first phase was the pre-construction phase, which consisted of meetings with the owner, creating a design, making a materials list, estimating the total cost …
3d Printed Poly Lactic Acid Structures For Cell Growth And Nanoparticle Transport-Simulation And Experimental Validation, Shrikrushna Vinayak Sonawane
3d Printed Poly Lactic Acid Structures For Cell Growth And Nanoparticle Transport-Simulation And Experimental Validation, Shrikrushna Vinayak Sonawane
Masters Theses
In today's world, 3D printing or additive manufacturing (AM) is being widely used in various fields due to its benefits such as rapid prototyping, reduced material waste and energy usage, lower cost, and more. Even the tissue engineering field is utilizing this technology. This study focused on examining the compatibility of 3D printed Lab-on-a-Chip structures made of Poly Lactic Acid (PLA) for in-vitro applications. In this research, the Lab-on-a-Chip structures were designed and created using 3D printing. To achieve the required bio-functionality scaffold surface was customized by post-printing processes such as mechanical polishing, hydrolysis (Wet Chemical Etching), and ultraviolet light …
A Study On The Design And Production Of A Desktop Vaccuum Cleaner, Aaryan Manoj Nair, Emanuel Pichardo, Isaiah Ortiz, Naeem Kotadia
A Study On The Design And Production Of A Desktop Vaccuum Cleaner, Aaryan Manoj Nair, Emanuel Pichardo, Isaiah Ortiz, Naeem Kotadia
Publications and Research
The goal of this project was to design a desk-top vacuum cleaner that is compact, portable, and effective in cleaning desktops and tabletops. Two concepts were proposed and compared using Quality Function Deployment (QFD) and various metrics, including in-use purposes and market, technical feasibility, ease of use, durability, and cost. The two concepts were a lifting design with hydraulics and a differently sized offset wheel design. After thorough analysis, it was determined that the lifting design with hydraulics was the better concept due to its adjustability and ability to reach different heights and angles on tabletops. The proposed product title …
Rapid Composter, Shannon Shinozaki, Avin Atencio, Jonathan Fraser, Lukas Kolbl, Russell Occhipinti
Rapid Composter, Shannon Shinozaki, Avin Atencio, Jonathan Fraser, Lukas Kolbl, Russell Occhipinti
Mechanical Engineering
This project was created with the intent of automatically composting equine bio waste to be reused as plant fertilizer. The system consists of four subsystems: power generation and storage, automatic controls, aeration, and structure. Each subsystem may be manufactured independently, then put together. This system will not have access to power outlets, so it was designed to be solar-powered.
Treadmill Platform For Quadrupedal Robots, Baxter J. Bartlett, Jack F. Butler, Phillip A. Shafik, Tarun S. Ganamur
Treadmill Platform For Quadrupedal Robots, Baxter J. Bartlett, Jack F. Butler, Phillip A. Shafik, Tarun S. Ganamur
Mechanical Engineering
Cal Poly Legged Robots, led by Professor Refvem and Professor Xing, has been leading Cal Poly’s attempts to simulate, produce, and test their legged robots. The initial testing of the locomotion of these robots can be dangerous to the robot since any bugs in the code could cause the robot to fall over and harm itself. Our responsibility as a team was to deliver a portable platform for testing the locomotion capabilities containing a fall prevention mechanism. In short, we have designed a platform for this purpose that consists of a treadmill surrounded by a wheeled chassis with a system …
Composite Solid Rocket Motor Case Optimization With Matlab Genetic Algorithm, Aleksandr Breit
Composite Solid Rocket Motor Case Optimization With Matlab Genetic Algorithm, Aleksandr Breit
Master's Theses
This study utilizes MATLAB genetic algorithm (GA) to perform optimization on a solid rocket motor (SRM) chamber structure. The (SRM) structure is modelled as a cylindrical composite laminate where unidirectional fiber orientations are the primary design variable in the optimization problem formulation. Additional design variables such as chamber length, diameter, and internal pressure are altered along with the ply angles to minimize the safety margin towards a near-zero value and encourage efficient layup design. Classical lamination theory with Tsai-Wu failure criterion are used to calculate ply-level safety margins. A thickness minimization scheme is employed to reduce the ply count from …
User Guide For Urban Canopy Modeling In Wrf. Version 1.0, Corey L. Smithson, Natalie J. White, Hans R. Klomp, Eric C. Monson, Bradley R. Adams
User Guide For Urban Canopy Modeling In Wrf. Version 1.0, Corey L. Smithson, Natalie J. White, Hans R. Klomp, Eric C. Monson, Bradley R. Adams
Faculty Publications
Researchers at Brigham Young University (BYU) have developed this guide for running a WRF simulation using a single layer urban canopy model (UCM). This was developed specifically for the Greater Salt Lake Area but is adaptable to other urban areas. This guide includes information on running WRF simulations to study theoretical urban growth scenarios.
Biopolymer-Based Sustainable Food Packaging Materials: Challenges, Solutions, And Applications, Kalpani Y. Perera, Amit Jaiswal, Swarna Jaiswal
Biopolymer-Based Sustainable Food Packaging Materials: Challenges, Solutions, And Applications, Kalpani Y. Perera, Amit Jaiswal, Swarna Jaiswal
Articles
Biopolymer-based packaging materials have become of greater interest to the world due to their biodegradability, renewability, and biocompatibility. In recent years, numerous biopolymers—such as starch, chitosan, carrageenan, polylactic acid, etc.—have been investigated for their potential application in food packaging. Reinforcement agents such as nanofillers and active agents improve the properties of the biopolymers, making them suitable for active and intelligent packaging. Some of the packaging materials, e.g., cellulose, starch, polylactic acid, and polybutylene adipate terephthalate, are currently used in the packaging industry. The trend of using biopolymers in the packaging industry has increased immensely; therefore, many legislations have been approved …
Attainable And Sustainable Home Building Solutions, Katrina Matthews
Attainable And Sustainable Home Building Solutions, Katrina Matthews
Construction Management
Sustainability has fortunately been a recent concern in the construction industry as climate change continues to impose potentially insurmountable threats to the global environment. Although many new methods have been adopted in efforts to lessen the adverse environmental effects of construction-related activities, as a society, we still have much room for growth as the built environment accounts for almost 50% of global emissions. Many changes and standards must be adopted to make these solutions efficiently beneficial. To set industry standards, we must start with the most basic form of construction- residential building. This report covers two attainable framing solutions for …
French Drain Project At Woods Humane Society, Thomas Douglas Collins
French Drain Project At Woods Humane Society, Thomas Douglas Collins
Construction Management
The Woods Humane Society is a prominent animal care facility that aims to rehabilitate, rescue, and assist in the adoption of dogs and cats in the greater San Luis Obispo area. The property contains multiple dog playpen areas which consist of a concrete slab surrounded by a chain link fence, designed for the animals to have an open space to run around throughout the day. Employees are required to hose down the slab hourly to maintain a clean environment for the animals. When employees hose down the playpen areas, a considerable amount of water runs off the slab and into …
French Drain Construction For Woods Humane Society, Cade M. Rees
French Drain Construction For Woods Humane Society, Cade M. Rees
Construction Management
The Woods Humane Society is a prominent animal care facility that aims to rehabilitate, rescue, and assist in the adoption of dogs and cats in the greater San Luis Obispo area. The property contains multiple dog playpen areas which consist of a concrete slab surrounded by a chain link fence, designed for the animals to have an open space to run around throughout the day. Employees are required to hose down the slab hourly to maintain a clean environment for the animals. When employees hose down the playpen areas, a considerable amount of water runs off the slab and into …
Development Of Non-Viral Nano-Carriers For Gene Delivery And Covid-19 Vaccines, Zhongyu Li
Development Of Non-Viral Nano-Carriers For Gene Delivery And Covid-19 Vaccines, Zhongyu Li
Dissertations
Gene therapy is one of the most promising medical fields with the potential to effectively advance the treatment of difficult diseases by producing therapeutic proteins or repairing defective gene sequences. However, gene therapy presents severe challenges in delivery including renal clearance, phagocytosis, enzymatic degradation, protein absorption, and cellular internalization barriers, which have been barriers for translation into the clinic. Naked nucleic acids, with their intrinsic negative charge, electrostatically repulse the anionic cell membrane, preventing cellular uptake. Also, they are considered foreign genetic material when introduced into the body and are rapidly cleared by the reticuloendothelial system or degraded by nucleases, …
Development Of Novel Nanocarbon Based Materials And Membranes With Enhanced Biocidal Capabilities For Clean Water Generation, Indrani Gupta
Development Of Novel Nanocarbon Based Materials And Membranes With Enhanced Biocidal Capabilities For Clean Water Generation, Indrani Gupta
Dissertations
Water scarcity is one of the major challenges facing humanity today, driven by population growth, economic development, and dietary shifts towards more water-intensive animal products. To address this issue, efficient water resource management and recycling of wastewater are essential. However, around 80% of wastewater globally is discharged into water bodies without treatment, posing a risk to ecosystems and human health. Pathogens, or harmful microorganisms, are a primary cause of water impairment and the transmission of waterborne diseases, leading to increased mortality rates. Traditional methods of treating pathogens involve the use of radiation or chemical disinfectants. Nonetheless, these methods have drawbacks, …
Engineering A Multicompartment In Vitro Model For Dorsal Root Ganglia Phenotypic Assessment, Sydney M. Caparaso, Adan Redwine, Rebecca A. Wachs
Engineering A Multicompartment In Vitro Model For Dorsal Root Ganglia Phenotypic Assessment, Sydney M. Caparaso, Adan Redwine, Rebecca A. Wachs
Department of Agricultural and Biological Systems Engineering: Faculty Publications
Despite the significant global prevalence of chronic pain, current methods to identify pain therapeutics often fail translation to the clinic. Phenotypic screening platforms rely on modeling and assessing key pathologies relevant to chronic pain, improving predictive capability. Patients with chronic pain often present with sensitization of primary sensory neurons (that extend from dorsal root ganglia [DRG]). During neuronal sensitization, painful nociceptors display lowered stimulation thresholds. To model neuronal excitability, it is necessary to maintain three key anatomical features of DRGs to have a physiologically relevant platform: (1) isolation between DRG cell bodies and neurons, (2) 3D platform to preserve cell–cell …
Neutrosophic Mcdm Methodology For Risk Assessment Of Autonomous Underwater Vehicles, Shimaa S. Mohamed, Ahmed Abdel-Monem, Alshaimaa A. Tantawy
Neutrosophic Mcdm Methodology For Risk Assessment Of Autonomous Underwater Vehicles, Shimaa S. Mohamed, Ahmed Abdel-Monem, Alshaimaa A. Tantawy
Neutrosophic Systems with Applications
Due to its usefulness in several industries and the military, researchers have concentrated on developing autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs). However, AUV navigation continues to be a difficult challenge to solve owing to the variety of underwater settings. The usage of AUVs, or autonomous underwater vehicles, is not without dangers like malfunction, ecological risks, loss of communications, cybersecurity risks, collisions, and others. There are many criteria to assess these risks technical, operational, economic, and regulatory. So, the methods of multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) is used to deal with these various criteria. The analytical hierarchy process (AHP) method is an MCDM methodology, that …
Post-Processed Data And Graphical Tools For A Conus-Wide Eddy Flux Evapotranspiration Dataset, J. M. Volk, J. L. Huntington, F. Melton, B. Minor, T. Wang, S. Anapalli, R. G. Anderson, S. Evett, A. French, R. Jasoni, N. Bambach, W. P. Kustas, J. Alfieri, J. Prueger, L. Hipps, L. Mckee, S. J. Castro, M. M. Alsina, A. J. Mcelrone, M. Reba, B. Runkle, M. Saber, C. Sanchez, E. Tajfar, R. Allen, M. Anderson
Post-Processed Data And Graphical Tools For A Conus-Wide Eddy Flux Evapotranspiration Dataset, J. M. Volk, J. L. Huntington, F. Melton, B. Minor, T. Wang, S. Anapalli, R. G. Anderson, S. Evett, A. French, R. Jasoni, N. Bambach, W. P. Kustas, J. Alfieri, J. Prueger, L. Hipps, L. Mckee, S. J. Castro, M. M. Alsina, A. J. Mcelrone, M. Reba, B. Runkle, M. Saber, C. Sanchez, E. Tajfar, R. Allen, M. Anderson
Department of Agricultural and Biological Systems Engineering: Faculty Publications
Large sample datasets of in situ evapotranspiration (ET) measurements with well documented data provenance and quality assurance are critical for water management and many fields of earth science research. We present a post-processed ET oriented dataset at daily and monthly timesteps, from 161 stations, including 148 eddy covariance flux towers, that were chosen based on their data quality from nearly 350 stations across the contiguous United States. In addition to ET, the data includes energy and heat fluxes, meteorological measurements, and reference ET downloaded from grid- MET for each flux station. Data processing techniques were conducted in a reproducible manner …
Sentiment Analysis Of Text And Emoji Data For Twitter Network, Paramita Dey, Soumya Dey
Sentiment Analysis Of Text And Emoji Data For Twitter Network, Paramita Dey, Soumya Dey
Al-Bahir
Twitter is a social media platform where users can post, read, and interact with 'tweets'. Third party like corporate organization can take advantage of this huge information by collecting data about their customers' opinions. The use of emoticons on social media and the emotions expressed through them are the subjects of this research paper. The purpose of this paper is to present a model for analyzing emotional responses to real-life Twitter data. The proposed model is based on supervised machine learning algorithms and data on has been collected through crawler “TWEEPY” for empirical analysis. Collected data is pre-processed, pruned and …
Effects Of Noise Electrical Stimulation On Proprioception, Force Control, And Corticomuscular Functional Connectivity, Li-Wei Chou, Shiang-Lin Hou, Hui-Min Lee, Felipe Fregni, Alice Yen, Vincent Chiun-Fan Chen, Shun-Hwa Wei, Chung-Lan Kao
Effects Of Noise Electrical Stimulation On Proprioception, Force Control, And Corticomuscular Functional Connectivity, Li-Wei Chou, Shiang-Lin Hou, Hui-Min Lee, Felipe Fregni, Alice Yen, Vincent Chiun-Fan Chen, Shun-Hwa Wei, Chung-Lan Kao
Engineering Science Faculty Publications
Sensory afferent inputs play an important role in neuromuscular functions. Subsensory level noise electrical stimulation enhances the sensitivity of peripheral sensory system and improves lower extremity motor function. The current study aimed to investigate the immediate effects of noise electrical stimulation on proprioceptive senses and grip force control, and whether there are associated neural activities in the central nervous system. Fourteen healthy adults participated in 2 experiments on 2 different days. In day 1, participants performed grip force and joint proprioceptive tasks with and without (sham) noise electrical stimulation. In day 2, participants performed grip force steady hold task before …
Fate And Transport Of Per- And Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (Pfas) At Aqueous Film Forming Foam (Afff) Discharge Sites: A Review, Jeffery T. Mcgarr, Eric G. Mbonimpa, Drew C. Mcavoy, Mohamad R. Soltanian
Fate And Transport Of Per- And Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (Pfas) At Aqueous Film Forming Foam (Afff) Discharge Sites: A Review, Jeffery T. Mcgarr, Eric G. Mbonimpa, Drew C. Mcavoy, Mohamad R. Soltanian
Faculty Publications
Per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) are an environmentally persistent group of chemicals that can pose an imminent threat to human health through groundwater and surface water contamination. In this review, we evaluate the subsurface behavior of a variety of PFAS chemicals with a focus on aqueous film forming foam (AFFF) discharge sites. AFFF is the primary PFAS contamination risk at sites such as airports and military bases due to use as a fire extinguisher. Understanding the fate and transport of PFAS in the subsurface environment is a multifaceted issue. This review focuses on the role of adsorbent, adsorbate, and …
Morphogenetic Engineering Of Synthetic Protocell Systems, Qinyu Zhu
Morphogenetic Engineering Of Synthetic Protocell Systems, Qinyu Zhu
Theses and Dissertations
Observing and studying how life forms behave, i.e., their movement, adaptability, and so on, have enabled human beings to develop new technologies or optimize existing ones. One of the more noticeable phenomena in Nature is morphogenesis. Morphogenetic processes exist in different stages of biological development, from cellular division to tissue and organ formation. It is easy to observe shape development during mophogenesis due to emerging imaging techniques. However, it is hard to understand this process due to its complex organization, and the morphogenetic responses can be induced by a variety of chemicals or mechanical stresses and are subject to the …
A New Atomization Paradigm: Smart Wave-Augmented Varicose Explosions, Daniel Mason Wilson
A New Atomization Paradigm: Smart Wave-Augmented Varicose Explosions, Daniel Mason Wilson
Doctoral Dissertations and Projects
The characterization of viscous, non-Newtonian slurry heating and atomization by means of internal wave excitation is presented for a twin-fluid injector. We detail mechanisms that enhance their disintegration in a novel process called “Wave-Augmented Varicose Explosions” (WAVE). Atomization of such fluids is challenging, especially at low gas-liquid mass ratios. Droplet production is further complicated when slurry viscosity varies widely; if viscosity levels are too high, atomization quality suffers, and an undesirable pressure drop restricts the flow. To mitigate, we introduce and demonstrate “Smart” atomization, a novel implementation of simultaneous proportional integral derivative (PID) control algorithms to accommodate dynamically and extensively …
Energy Efficiency And Material Cost Savings By Evolution Of Solar Panels Used In Photovoltaic Systems Under Neutrosophic Model, Ahmed Sleem, Ibrahim Elhenawy
Energy Efficiency And Material Cost Savings By Evolution Of Solar Panels Used In Photovoltaic Systems Under Neutrosophic Model, Ahmed Sleem, Ibrahim Elhenawy
Neutrosophic Systems with Applications
Traditional applications of solar panels have been limited to smaller-scale energy production, such as that required by single houses or apartment complexes. Researchers from all around the globe have been working together to develop creative, efficient goods, increase the energy efficiency of solar panels, and build new, ground-breaking practices using photovoltaic system design. Solar photovoltaic (PV) system planning demands a strategic decision-making approach to socioeconomic growth in many nations due to the rising understanding of the financial, social, and ecological aspects. The primary goal of this study is to provide a novel, adaptable method of Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) for …
Meeting The Psychological Needs Of Astronauts In The Flourishing Human Spaceflight Frontier: The Case For Astronaut-Trained Psychologists, Skylar Jordan Laham
Meeting The Psychological Needs Of Astronauts In The Flourishing Human Spaceflight Frontier: The Case For Astronaut-Trained Psychologists, Skylar Jordan Laham
Doctoral Dissertations and Projects
Space psychology (i.e., astronaut psychological counseling and support) has remained largely unchanged since the onset of long-duration low-Earth-orbit (LEO) human spaceflight missions, with teletherapy utilized as the primary means of psychotherapy delivery. However, with NASA’s plans to establish a permanent human presence on the Moon, the suitability of teletherapy – as well as astronaut-trained psychologists, an alternative space psychology method suggested for human spaceflight beyond LEO – must be ascertained. The aim of this novel space psychology investigation was to identify and compare the effectiveness of three astronaut psychotherapy treatment conditions (i.e., teletherapy with a 2 second Earth to LEO …
Threshold Microsecond Pulsed Electric Field Exposures For Change In Spinach Quality, Zachary Rosensweig, Abigail Martin, Colin Hackett, Jerrick Garcia, Gary L. Thompson Iii
Threshold Microsecond Pulsed Electric Field Exposures For Change In Spinach Quality, Zachary Rosensweig, Abigail Martin, Colin Hackett, Jerrick Garcia, Gary L. Thompson Iii
Henry M. Rowan College of Engineering Departmental Research
Pulsed electric fields (PEFs) are often used to pretreat foods to enhance subsequent processes, such as drying, where maintaining food product quality is important for consumer satisfaction. This study aims to establish a threshold PEF exposure to determine the doses at which electroporation is viable for use on spinach leaves, wherein integrity is maintained postexposure. Three numbers of consecutive pulses (1, 5, 50) and two pulse durations (10 and 100 μs) have been examined herein at a constant pulse repetition of 10 Hz and 1.4 kV/cm field strength. The data indicate that pore formation in itself is not a cause …
Exploring The Intersection Of Biology And Design For Product Innovations, Ajay P. Malshe, Salil Bapat, Kamlakar Rajurkar, Ang Ang, Jean-Marc Linares
Exploring The Intersection Of Biology And Design For Product Innovations, Ajay P. Malshe, Salil Bapat, Kamlakar Rajurkar, Ang Ang, Jean-Marc Linares
Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering: Faculty Publications
Design, development, productization, and applications of advanced product concepts are pressing for higher multifunctionality, resilience, and maximization of available resources equitably to meet the growing and continuing demands of global customers. These demands have further accelerated during the recent COVID- 19 pandemic and are continuing to be a challenge. Engineering designs are one of the most effective ways to endow products with functions, resilience, and sustainability. Biology, through millions of years of evolution, has met these acute requirements under severe resource and environmental constraints. As the manufacturing of products is reaching the fundamental limits of raw materials, labor, and resource …
The Effect Of Spinal Cord Stimulation And Video Games Training On Body-Machine Interface Control, Jie Fei
The Effect Of Spinal Cord Stimulation And Video Games Training On Body-Machine Interface Control, Jie Fei
McKelvey School of Engineering Graduate Student Theses & Dissertations
Damage to the spinal cord causes long-lasting loss of motor and sensory function, and currently, there is no ‘cure’ for paralysis. However, even people with severe spinal cord injuries (SCI) have some residual mobility. Studies have shown that transcutaneous electrical spinal cord stimulation (tSCS) combined with functional training targeting residual mobility can further improve the motor function of individuals with SCI. In this study, we present a technical framework that aims to enhance rehabilitation outcomes by targeting residual mobility through a motor training-based approach. Our technical framework centers around a non-invasive body-machine interface (BoMI) that relies on the use of …
Novel Microfluidic Devices To Model The Interactions Between Lymphatics And Breast Cancer, Jade Weber
Novel Microfluidic Devices To Model The Interactions Between Lymphatics And Breast Cancer, Jade Weber
McKelvey School of Engineering Graduate Student Theses & Dissertations
The lymphatic system is responsible for immune circulation and fluid balance in the body. It accomplishes this by draining interstitial fluid from local tissue and transferring it to lymph nodes and back into blood circulation. However, this process is implicated in many pathologies, one of the most dangerous being breast cancer metastasis to the lymph nodes. The largest factor in breast cancer patient mortality is metastasis. Lymphangiogenesis, the growth of new lymphatic vessels, has been thought to play a dynamic role in aiding breast cancer metastasis. Breast cancer tumor cells have been shown to remodel the functionality of local lymph …