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The Exchange Of Antimony Between Antimony Trichloride And Antimony Pentachloride In Carbon Tetrachloride Solution, Franklin Brett Barker

Chemistry and Chemical Biology ETDs

In the investigation of any chemical reaction, the main points of interest are the conditions of equilibrium, the rate at which equilibrium is approached, and the mechanisms by which the reaction occurs. The first of these is determined by the standard free energy change, a thermodynamic quantity which depends only upon the initial and final states of the system. However, two reactions having the same value of the standard free energy change may approach equilibrium at radically different rates, one being practically instantaneous and the other almost infinitely slow. The field of chemical kinetics is concerned with the study of …

Exchange Reactions Of The Transuranium Elements Section 1. Am(Iii)-Am(V)-Am(Vi), Am(Iii)-Am(V), And Am(V)-Am(Vi), Thomas K. Keenan

Chemistry and Chemical Biology ETDs

No exchange work prior to this dissertation has been reported on the americium system. Neptunium exchange is presently being studied by J. C. Hindman and co-workers at the Argonne National Laboratory, but has not been completely reported. Study of uranium exchange, which is still in an unsatisfactory state, has been limited to the U(IV)-(VI) exchange.

The Synthesis Of 10-Methyl-3, 4-Benzpyrene And 8,10-Dimethyl-3, 4-Benzpyrene, Jules Adelfang

Chemistry and Chemical Biology ETDs

In 1953 Cook, Hewett, and Rieger found a highly carcinogenic hydrocarbon in coal tar. By a variety of solvent extraction methods, fractional distillation, and crystallization several pure hydrocarbons were isolated from the crude pitch. Two new pentacyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were isolated and since only small quantities of them were available it was decided to ascertain their structures by synthesis instead of degradetive experiments. The hydrocarbon samples were obtained with great difficulty from two tons of crude pitch. The problem was simplified since ten of the possible fifteen pentacyclic hydrocarbons were known. From certain similarities of these hydrocarbons to perylene its …

An Investigation Of Some Changes In The Chemical Composition Of Arterial Tissue Which Correlate With The Development Of Arteriosclerosis, Richard Dee Strickland

Chemistry and Chemical Biology ETDs

Arteriosclerosis is one of the major health problems confronting people of middle and advanced age. The disorder, commonly called "hardening of the arteries", is a contributing factor in more deaths than any other ailment.

Studies In The Cinnoline Series, David B. Cox

Chemistry and Chemical Biology ETDs

Recent work by Castle and Kruse (16) has partially elucidated the range of reactivity of the chlorine atom in the compounds 4-chlorocinnoline and 4-chloro-6,7-dimethoxycinnoline. Condensations between the chlorinated cinnolines and certain phenylacetonitriles were found to proceed readily; however, condensations with compounds of the malonic ester type were unsuccessful. It was found that hydrolysis of the condensation product obtained from 4-chlorocinnoline and phenylacetontrile by hot 60% sulfuric acid caused decarboxylation of the intermediate acid, the final product being 4-benzylcinnoline. This compound has a formal resemblance to the basic ring structure of papaverine.

Chelation Of The Rare Earth Elements As A Function Of Ph Using Thenoyltrifluoroacetone, Hugh James Bronaugh

Chemistry and Chemical Biology ETDs

The rare Earth elements, or lanthanides, having atomic numbers 57 through 71 occupy only one space in the periodic chart of the elements. These fifteen elements, which have extraordinarily similar chemical and physical properties, are placed in group three of the periodic table, between barium of group two and hafnium of group four. This series of elements has been the subject of extensive study in the past. The development of atomic energy has significantly increased the interest in the rare earths in the past ten years.

A Simple Apparatus For Demonstrating Bernouli's Principle, G. M. Wissink

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

A Preliminary Study Of Scale Prevention In Sea Water Evaporators By Various Dehydrated Grasses, Basil H. Tannel

Bachelors’ Theses

Although water is relatively abundant throughout the World, it presents a unique and interesting problem when considered in the light or Chemistry with its many and varied applications. One of these problems had its' incipience with the invention of Watt's steam engine. In short, it was the formation of scale in the boiler preventing an efficient heat transfer.

Thiocyanate Complexes Of Osmium, Craig Albert Townsend Jr.

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

Osmium is a hard grey brittle metal which scratches glass. It has a melting point of 2700[degree]C, and a specific gravity of 22.4, which is greater than any other known substance. The grey color of osmium resembles the grey color of iron and ruthenium. Osmium was discovered in 1803 by Tennant in the insoluble residue remaining after treating an alloy of the platinum metals with acid.

Osmium occurs in nature alloyed with the other metals of the platinum group. One type of alloy includes all six of the of the platinum metals, osmium, iridium, platinum, ruthernium, rhodium and palladium. Osmium …

A Study Of The Kinetics And The Free Radicals Involved In The Low-Pressure, Vapor-Phase Pyrolysis Of Toluene, Robert E. Williams

Chemistry and Chemical Biology ETDs

The separation of lanthanum, yttrium, and the rare earth elements from their ores has been a challenge to the chemist for many years. The similarities in chemical properties has made their separation a problem of extraordinary difficulty. Fractional crystallization has been the classical method utilized in the past, although individual elements have been isolated by oxidization or reduction to other than the tripositive oxidation state (1). Recently ion exchange and solvent extraction methods have become more important as a means of separation of these elements. Both of these techniques depend upon fractional differences in the distribution of compounds or ions …

The Separation Of Antimony 125 From Solutions Of Neutron Irradiated Tin Salts, Joseph D. Robinson

Chemistry and Chemical Biology ETDs

Because of the importance of high specific activities of radioactive species considerable experimental work has been done on the preparation of "carrier-free" tracers. In surveying the literature on the preparation of carrier-free antimony only one method was found. The method reported involves the deuteron bombardment of tin; solution of the target in agua regia; addition of cadmium carrier; precipitation of the cadmium as the sulfide which carries antimony, using oxalate ion to complex the tin; solution to the sulfides of cadmium and antimony in concentrated hydrochloric acid; distillation of tin from cadmium and antimony contained in in perchloric acid with …

Polargraphic Measurement Of Reaction Rates Of Diazonium Salts, Gregory W. Daues

Chemistry and Chemical Biology ETDs

If a colorimetric method is used for following the reactions by tracing the increase in dye concentration, only reactions which form soluble dyes can be studied. Gasometric techniques are limited in that a sample must be removed from the reaction vessel and the diazonium salt decomposed by means of a catalyst in order to measure the liberated nitrogen. The latter method of analysis lends itself more readily to studies of the rate of decomposition of diazonium salts under various conditions, such as, the presence of ultra-violet light or exposure to high temperatures.

The Kinetics Of The Exchange Between Diiodotyrosine And Iodine, Alfred H. Zeltzmann

Chemistry and Chemical Biology ETDs

The rate of exchange of iodine with diiodotyrosine in squamous solution was studied as a function of the concentrations of both reactants, of the pH, and of the temperature. The concentration of diiodotyrosine was varied from 0.0000475 to 0.01251 moles per liter and that of the iodine from 0.0000103 to 0.000395 moles per liter. The upper limits of concentration studied were determined by the solubilities of both the iodine and diiodotyrosine. The ratio of concentration of diiodotyrosine to that of iodine was varied from 227 to 0.5, the temperature was varied from 25.1° C to 42.1° C, and the pH …

Separation Of Amines And Alkanolamines By Means Of Paper Partition Chromatography, Kenneth A. Waehner

Bachelors’ Theses

The amines may be regarded as derivatives of the hydrocarbons in which a hydrogen atom has been replaced by an amino group; or as derivatives of ammonia in which one or more hydrogen atoms have been replaced by alkyl groups. They may be classified according to structure as primary (R-NH2), secondary (¾-NH) and tertiary (R3-N) amines. In a similar way, ammonium halides or hydroxides may have one or more hydrogen atoms of the ammonium group replaced by alkyl groups to give alkylammonium, dialkylammonium, trialkylammonium and tetraalkylammonium halides or hydroxides.

Preparation Of Vanillic Acid And Some Of Its Metallic Salts, Elaine A. Dittmar

Bachelors’ Theses

Very little work has been done with vanillic acid and its derivatives since the time when the acid was first synthesized. There are usually good reasons why compounds showing such important properties as food preservatives have lain idle for over seventy-five years. It is of great. interest to know the reasons behind this idleness and also to attempt to prepare some of the derivatives heretofore unreported.

This is the purpose for which this thesis has been written; that a little more knowledge will be contributed to a relatively virgin field. Submitted are the preparation of vanillic acid and some of …

The Teaching Of Science, Sherwin Maeser

Faculty Honor Lectures

Like to teach! Whether with the expectant, half-frightened freshman, the senior, worried about his preparation now that . he must get out and meet competition, or the graduate student interested in new discoveries, I like to work with all of them.

I have been teaching a long time now. As has always been the case when one generation is thinking of turning over its work to the next, I am glad to have the opportunity to talk about some of the things that I consider important in this job of teaching.

The most varied and the most acute problems of …

The Effect Of Riboflavin, Nicotinic Acid, And Thiamine On The Lipolytic Action Of Pancreatic Lipase, John G. Georgatsos

Bachelors’ Theses

The writer became especially interested in vitamins and enzymes during the course in the chemistry of Nutrition. To a person that has not studied them close enough the enzymes and the vitamins would seem to be miracle substances rather than chemical entities governed by laws. It was during that period that I made up my mind to study the Interrelation existing between the enzymes and the vitamins when the time would come for me to write a thesis. For this reason it is my pleasure to express my deepest appreciation to Dr. John R. Koch, Director of the Chemistry Department …

A Study Of The Exchange Between P-Nitrobenzyl Iodide And Iodide Ion In Alcoholic Solutions, E. Lee Purlee

Chemistry and Chemical Biology ETDs

The recent work of Stillson concerning the kinetics of exchange between benzyl iodide and iodide ion in various solvents has given impetus to the investigation of similar exchanges with substituted benzyl iodide.

The Determination Of Moisture In Active Dry Yeast, Richard F. Fenske

Bachelors’ Theses

The writer, having been employed for the past three years, in the control laboratory of one of this country's largest yeast concerns, is very much interested in the determination of moisture in active dry yeast and has there­ tore made the investigation presented in this paper.

The moisture content is, of critical importance in the production of active dry yeast. A yeast whose moisture content is too low will have poor baking characteristics while a yeast whose moisture content is too high will have poor keeping quality. Inconsistent results have been obtained by using various methods to determine the moisture …

Chalcones Derived From M-Nitroacetophenone, Richard Allan Hendry

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

The object of this research was to prepare substituted derivatives of various chalcones having the nitro group substituted in the 3¹-position, the idea being to help complete the series of chalcones having the nitro group in that position. This was to be done by condensing various substituted benzaldehydes with m-nitroacetophenone, using dry hydrogen chloride as a condensing agent. The properties of the resulting chalcones were then to be determined by observing color reactions, spectra, and other general physical properties.

Chromatography With Aqueous And Polar Solvents., Mary Veronica Drawe

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

No abstract provided.

The Theory Of Fractional Solvent Extraction And Its Application To Creosol Separation., Ada Lorine Ryland

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

No abstract provided.

Enrichment Of Tin Activity Through The Szilard-Chalmers Separation, Herta W. Spano

Chemistry and Chemical Biology ETDs

It was the purpose of this investigation to utilize the Szilard-Chalmers reaction in order to prepare tin solutions of high specific activity.

Tetraphenyl tin was chosen for the target compound. It is a white, crystalline solid of excellent thermal stability. No data have been reported in the literature on the rate of exchange between inorganic forms of tin and tetraphenyl tin but it seemed highly probable that this exchange would be very slow. Tetraphenyl tin is soluble in various organic solvents but insoluble in water, and this suggested solvent extraction as a possible means of separation of the activated tin …

The Peroxide Numbers Of Vegetable Oils, Robert J. Bruce

Bachelors’ Theses

A survey of the literature will indicate that the peroxide numbers of fats and oils are of importance in ii many industries. The dairy, fish oil, vegetable oil, and meat processing industries all have use for peroxide number determinations. as a measure of the degree of rancidity of their products. The paint industry has used it in the study of protective coatings, and the textile industry has used it in the study of the lubrication of fibers. All of these uses were applied to the study of partial oxidation of the samples under consideration.

Since the various methods in use …

Derivatives Of M-Xylene, Henry J. Muller

Chemistry and Chemical Biology ETDs

Since m-xylene of 95-98% purity has recently become available from petroleum, this is an appropriate time to prepare an examine its derivatives. Isophtalic and m-toluic acids can be prepared from the hydrocarbon. The purpose of this work was to prepare imidazolines from these acids

Studies On Derivatives Of 3-Ethylphenanthrene, Eugene R. Miller

Bachelors’ Theses

The following thesis was undertaken to study the derivatives of 3 etbyl-phenanthrene. The problem was undertaken to familiarize the author with polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons and the various reactions and unit processes which are involved in the synthesis or these derivatives. It is hoped that the experience gained in pursuing the objective of this thesis will provide a background which may prove valuable in future work tor an advanced degree and ultimately help to secure a position in some phase of research work dealing with biological compounds containing the phenanthrene configuration in its nucleus.

Phenol-Aldehyde-Condensation Synthesis Of A Possible Gerxioide And Fungioide, Bis(4-Fluoro-2-Hydroxyphenyl) Methane, Erwin A. Stern

Bachelors’ Theses

The successful synthesis of chlorinated and brominated dihydroxydlphenylmethanes during the last ten years and their use as germicides and fungicides coupled with the known effect of fluorine and alkyl groups upon phenol, warranted the attempted synthesis of fluorinated and alkylated dihydroxydiphenylmethanee . It is the purpose of this thesis to attempt the synthesis of fluorinated and alkylated dihydroxydiphenylmethanee for purposes of their use as germicides and fungicides.

The Chemical Characteristics Of 8.0-Day I131 Produced By The Beta Decay Of 25-Minute Te131 In Organic Liquids, Francis J. Keneshea Jr.

Chemistry and Chemical Biology ETDs

In 1934 Szilard and Chalmers found that a large fraction of the radioactive iodine produced in the thermal neutron irradiation of ethyl iodide could be extracted from the irradiated material. The procedure followed was to add a trace of carrier iodine to the irradiated liquid, extract the iodine with an aqueous solution of a reducing agent and precipitate the iodide as silver iodide. The silver iodide precipitate obtained in this manner contained a large fraction of the iodine activity (25-minute I¹²⁸), at a high specific activity. Since ethyl iodide is not soluble in water and hence is not …

The Kinetics Of The Exchange Between Benzyl Iodide And Iodide Ion, Paul Stillson

Chemistry and Chemical Biology ETDs

A general form of an ion-molecule replacement reaction occurring at a saturated carbon atom may be represented by

Y^-+R-X⇋Y-R+X^-

where Y- is a negatively charged atom or group which can replace an atom or group X in the molecule R-X and R is any organic radical which is saturated at the point of attachment of X. The mechanisms which have been postulated for the above reaction may be divided into the following two groups: (1) those which assume primary dissociation of the neutral organic reaction into ions as the rate-determining step; (2) those which postulate the formation …

Preparation Of 3-Methylphenanthrene, Yvonne C. Bestler

Bachelors’ Theses

The year 1929 witnessed the opening expansion of the previously small list of naturally occurring phenanthrene compounds. The new groups of substances included were as strikingly different in their actions on animal organisms as they were similar in structure.