Digital Commons Network^™

Oil Spill Containment And Removal In Arctic Ecosystems, Wilfred R. Mcleod, Diana L. Mcleod

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

Statistics on 16 arctic and subarctic oil spills, their locations, the amount of oil spilled, combatant schemes used, and causes for the spills were culled from the literature. This information has been used to analyze the effectiveness of available chemical, mechanical, and destructive means of oil recovery or disposal under arctic and subarctic conditions.

The choice of the best cleanup procedures to follow in any particular instance is clouded by a number of variables and must be weighed against such considerations as wind, sea, and ice conditions, properties of the oil, and effects of chemicals on marine and wildlife. Access …

An Environmental And Energy Information System, G. U. Ulrikson, M. P. Guthrie, G. M. Caton, H. F. Mcduffie

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

The Environmental Information System Office (EISO) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) provides information support for researchers and administrators involved with energy and environmental policy and progress. Multiple EISO activities for various governmental agencies have resulted in establishment of compatible data bases concerned with energy and environmental information, methods for effectively developing these, development and computer display of numerical data summaries, and reports evaluating published information. Direction is provided by continuing dialogue between users and information system staff.

Interfaces Of Steam Electric Power Plants With Aquatic Ecosystems, Gerald J. Lauer, William T. Waller, Guy R. Lanza

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

Growth and reproduction may be stimulated by increased temperature in the cooling system and thermal plume during seasons when ambient water temperature is less than optimum, but growth, reproduction and survival are reduced when the elevated temperatures become excessive. Some fish species congregate in the warm thermal plumes during cold seasons but are excluded from this living space by temperatures above their preference in the summer. However, the warm refuge provided by a thermal plume in cold seasons can be a death trap if a power plant shuts down suddenly and exposes the fish to cold shock exceeding their lower …

Macrocyclic Polyether Sulfide Syntheses, The Preparation Of Thia-Crown-3, 4, 6, And 7 Compounds, Yau-Kwong Joseph Hui

Theses and Dissertations

Macrocyclic polyether sulfides have been prepared by reacting an oligoethylene glycol dichloride with a dithiol or sodium sulfide in ethanol. The following new compounds were prepared: 1-thia-(9-crown-3), 1,4-dithia-(9-crown-3), 1,4-dithia-(12-crown-4), 1,4,7-trithia-(12-crown-4), 1-thia-(18-crown-6), I,4-dithia-(18-crown-6), 1,7-dithia-(18-crown-6), 1,4,7-trithia-(18-crown-6), 1,7-dithia-(21-crown-7), 1,4,7-trithia-(21-crown-7). Four other previously reported macrocyclic polyether sulfides were also prepared. The symmetry of the nmr spectra of these compounds give added evidence for the proposed ring structures. The following subjects were presented and discussed: studies of cyclization by-products, dependence of cyclization yield on the size of the rings, high dilution principle and its application, medium-sized rings, effect of hetero-atoms on cyclization and melting point …

Reduced Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Dehydrogenase, Piericidin Sensitivity, And Site 1 Phosphorylation In Different Growth Phases Of Candida Utilis, S. Grossman, John G. Cobley, T. P. Singer, H. Beinert

Chemistry Faculty Publications

Reports in the literature indicate that during the exponential phase of growth of Candida utilis NADH oxidation is insensitive to rotenone, that rotenone sensitivity is acquired during the transition to the late stationary phase and is again lost on catabolite repression. The acquisition and loss of rotenone sensitivity appears to be accompanied by similar changes in Site 1 phosphorylation but does not appear to be reflected in the rate of oxidation of NADH (by mitochondria) or of NAD-linked substrates (by mitochondria or whole cells). In the present paper evidence is presented that these fluctuations in sensitivity to inhibitors of NADH …

A Study Of Oxomolybdenum Chelate Compounds Of Oxidation States (V) And (Iv) When Prepared By Photochemical Reduction Of Oxomolybdenum (Vi) Complexes In Ethanol Under Inert Atmosphere And By Chemical Reduction, Richard Donald Dendinger

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

A photolysis system was designed for meticulous exclusion of oxygen and moisture. Photolyzed ethanol solutions of dioxobis(acetylacetonato)­-molybdenum(VI), Mo0₂ (acac)₂, were studied via preparation of derivatives with several uninegative bidentate ligands (chelH, cysteine was designated cystH₂) and pyridine (py). Infrared spectroscopy was a useful tool in identifying these compounds. An oxomolybdenum(IV) compound, MoO(dtc)₂ was isolated from the red photolyzed solution when dtc was the N,N-diethyldithiocarbamate ion. Tropolone, 8-hydroxyquinoline, N,N-diethyldithiocarbamate, and cysteine formed products formulated as the dioxo bridged molybdenum(V) compounds, Mo₂0₄(che1)₂. Acetylacetone, tropolone, 8-Hydroxyquinoline and N,N-diethyldithiocarbamate, formed derivatives formulated …

Chemistry Departments In Predominantly Black Institutions, James O. Wear, Nirmal K. Shastri

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Chemistry programs in 87 predominantly Black institutions were compared by questionnaire survey. Advanced undergraduate courses were offered for chemistry majors by 86% of these schools, but only 28% offered research and independent study for undergraduates. Although there were extremes, most of the faculty taught 15 to 18 contact hours and their median salaries were below the national median. Library support seemed adequate with 1 to 1.5% of the total library materials being chemistry books, texts and reference, and the libraries of most schools had holdings of 15 principal chemistry-related journals. More than 90% of the schools were well-equipped with laboratory …

A Phytochemical Investigation Of Liverwort Frullania Franciscana Howe, Timothy Ta-E Huang

Dissertations and Theses

Liverwort Frullania franciscana Howe was found high on the allergic test scale by J. Mitchell of the Medical School of the University of British Columbia and co-workers. Frullanolide was isolated from Frullania tamarisci by J.D. Connoly and by G. Oisson and his co-workers.

The plant sample, collected in Oregon, was hand separated, confirmed, air dried and milled before the extractions were done. A Soxhlet extraction with ether and cold extractions with n-hexane and with ether were carried out. Ether is a better extraction solvent than n-hexane for cold extraction.

Column chromatography was used for the separation of the extract based …

Synthesis And Reactions Of P-Nitrobenzyl 4,6-0-Benzylidene-2,3-Di-0-Methoxymethyl-Β-D-Glucopyranoside, Ray Douglas Carpenter

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this work was the preparation of specifically blocked D-glucose derivatives with a free hydroxyl group on the anomeric carbon (C-1).

Ua66/7/2 Newsletter, Wku Chemistry

WKU Administration Documents

Newsletter created by and about the WKU Chemistry department.

Rotationally Inelastic Molecular Scattering. Computational Tests Of Some Simple Solutions Of The Strong Coupling Problem, Thomas P. Tsien, Gregory A. Parker, Russell T. Pack

Faculty Publications

Partial cross sections (opacity functions) for rotational transitions in atom-diatom collisions are computed in the infinite-order sudden (IOS) approximation and compared with accurate close-coupling (CC) calculations. Agreement is good in the dominant coupling (small total angular momentum J) region. Simple methods for calculating integral inelastic cross sections are discussed, and it is found that accurate cross sections can often be computed very simply, even when large numbers of channels are coupled together, by using IOS or first-order sudden (FOS) approximations for small J and CC or exponential Born (EBDW) methods for large J.

Synthesis Of Some N2-Alkyl- And Dialkylsubstituted 2'-Deozyguanosines, Carl D. Carter

Chemistry and Chemical Biology ETDs

Various N²-alkyl- and dialkylsubstituted 2’-deoxyguanosines have been synthesized. After future conversion into nucleotides, these compounds are to be used for incorporation into DNA. The modified DNA is expected to be useful in complexing studies with actinomycin. The presence of the 2-amino group in a purine has earlier been shown to be required for binding of actinomycin. Possible reasons for this requirement are an electronic effect or a precise steric fit involving hydrogen bonding. By comparing the relative stability of the complex formed between actinomycin and modified DNA versus actinomycin and normal DNA a better understanding of the mechanism …

The Synthesis And Reactivity Of Pyrrolopyridazines, Phillip Dan Cook

Chemistry and Chemical Biology ETDs

A new general synthetic sequence and cyclization method was developed which utilizes parts of both the Reissert and Madelung indole cyclization methods and leads to substituted pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyridazines,pyrrolo[3,2-c]-pyridazines, and pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridazines. Thus, ethyl pyridazinylpyruvatel-oxides substituted with an ethyl formimidate or acetimidate group adjacent to the pyruvate group provides immediate precursors to pyrrolopyridazines. Mild acid hydrolysis of the acylimidate and subsequent cyclodehydration. Parallel to the latter stage of the Reissert indole cyclization method, affords ethyl pyrrolopyridazine carboxylates in high yields. On the other hand, treatment of the acylimidates with base provided ethyl pyrrolopyridazine glyxalates in high yields in a manner similar to the …

Case Studies In Systems Chemistry, George Fleck

Open Educational Resources: Textbooks

This publication was produced as a teaching tool for college chemistry.The book is a text for a computer-based unit on the chemistry of acid-base titrations, and is designed for use with FORTRAN or BASIC.computer systems, and with a programmable electronic calculator, in a variety of educational settings. The text attempts to present computer programs that are relatively free of reliance on specialized large computer systems programs. The case-study approach presented is highly research and laboratory oriented. Similar subject matter is conventionally taught in most introductory college chemistry courses, but this text material attempts greater depth of instruction through utilization of …

The Role Of Mannosyl-Phosphoryl-Dihydropolyisoprenol In The Synthesis Of Mammalian Glycoproteins, John W. Baynes, An-Fei Hsu, Edward C. Heath

Faculty Publications

A mouse myeloma tumor was used as a model system to study the biochemical steps involved in the incorporation of mannose into glycoproteins. This tumor, MOPC-46B, synthesizes a K-type immunoglobulin light chain (K-46) which is a glycoprotein with a single oligosaccharide side chain containing mannose as one of its constituent sugars. MOPC-46B microsomal preparations contain enzymes which transfer mannose from the sugar nucleotide, GDPmannose, to endogenous lipid and protein acceptors. Formation of the mannolipid proceeds by the reversible transfer of mannose from GDP-mannose to an endogenous phospholipid. The mannolipid was purified and characterized by chemical methods and mass spectrometry as …

Triplet-Triplet Energy Transfer In Indolylketones, Larry E. Hewitt

Dissertations

No abstract provided.

State Of Bacterial Dna After Uptake Into The Roots Of Germinating Barley Seeds, Larry Dale Lawson

Theses and Dissertations

Germinating barley seeds have been shown to take up Bacillus subtilis DNA labelled with 5-bromouracil and tritiated thymidine and retain the DNA in the root system without substantially degrading it. The percentage of bacterial DNA recovered from the total root DNA was independent of the amount of bacterial DNA available for uptake. Four observations indicated the stability of bacterial DNA after uptake into barley roots: (1) the bacterial DNA retained its transforming ability after recovery from the roots; (2) the labelled B. subtilis DNA showed similar CsCl density gradient patterns before uptake and after uptake; (3) most of the radioactivity …

I. An Isothermal Titration Microcalorimeter. Ii. Importance Of Micronutrients In Nutrition. Iii. Zinc Bibliography, John Willard Gardner

Theses and Dissertations

I. An isothermal titration microcalorimeter having a colume of 4 ml and capable of temerature control to ±2 x 10-5°C is described. Major components include a constant temperature water bath controlled to ±3 x 10-4°C, a platinum reation vessel, and an isothermal control circuit consisting of constant Peltier thermoelectric cooling and variable Joule heating controlled by a thermistor in an AC Wheatstone bridge circuit. The calorimeter was tested by measuring the heat of ionization of water and was found to produce data accurate to ± 0.1% where small samples are used such as in the investigation of many biological systems.

The Growth And Toxicity Of The Florida Red Tide Organism, Gymnodinium Breve, Marion Tilton Doig Iii

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Mass mortalities of marine organisms in the Gulf of Mexico have been associated with blooms of the unarmored dinoflagellate, Gymnodinium breve. This investigation concerns the factors affecting the growth of G. breve and the properties of a toxin produced by the organism.

A modification of the Flask Test of the Provisional Algal Assay Procedure of the Joint Industry/Government Task Force on Eutrophication was used to determine the response of G. breve to various natural waters and enrichments. The growth-promoting potential of natural waters obtained from areas where outbreaks of G. breve frequently occur was greater than that of waters …

Solution Diffusion Coefficients -- New And Improved Methods For Their Determination, Newton C. Fawcett

Chemistry and Chemical Biology ETDs

The previously existing method of determining diffusion coefficients (D values) by diffusion from capillaries is critically reviewed. A differential error analysis of the method is given, and a formula is derived for the upper error bound on D as a function of capillary length, time span of the experiment, and ratio of final to initial diffusant concentrations. It is concluded that when the initial concentration and capillary length are not corrected for convective loss of diffusant solution from the capillary, the errors in concentration and length are additive and can significantly affect the accuracy of D. A new method (the …

The Development Of A Defense System Against Coxsackievirus B5 Infection In Suckling Mice, Neal Shadoff

Senior Scholar Papers

There are many viruses that are able to infect the alimentary tract of man. Little is known, however, about the mechanism of infection itself or the pathophysiology of the gut during infection. 'The research reported here is concerned with the differences in susceptibility among suckling mice of various ages inoculated by the intraperitoneal and intragastric routes. Since the normal mode of entry of many viruses to the gut is via the oral route, Coxsackievirus B5, a human enterovirus which does attack this way, was utilized. It is a non-tumor producing RNA virus that has been shown to act similarly in …

Kinetic Properties Of Partially Purified Isocitrate Dehydrogenase, Devji Dedhia

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Within the past few years kinetic studies of NADP⁺- specific isocitrate dehydrogenase have been conducted extensively following isolation from bacteria, yeast and vertebrates. However, the kinetic properties of NADP⁺ - specific isocitrate dehydrogenase have not been adequately characterized in filamentous fungi. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to examine the kinetic behavior of partially purified NADP⁺ - specific isocitrate dehydrogenase enzyme isolated from Phycomyces blakesleeanus.

During this study Michaelis constants (Km) and maximum velocities (Vmax) were determined for threo-Ds-isocitrate, NADP⁺, and Mn²⁺ as well as the number of binding sites of these …

The Synthesis Of Imidazo [4, 5-C] Pyridazines And Pyridazino-As-Triazines, Dennis King Chesney

Chemistry and Chemical Biology ETDs

The preparation of the first examples of imidazo[4, 5-c]­pyridazine-2, 7-dithiones is described herein. Several of the S-methyl and S-benzyl derivatives have been prepared and the conditions required for the selective monoalkylation of the 2, 7-dithione have been determined. Several new derivatives of imidazo[4, 5-c]pyridazine and imidazo[4, 5-c]pyridazine-2 or 7-thione are also described. The preparation of several examples of the previously unknown heterocyclic ring systems, 1, 2-dihydropyridazino[4, 5-c]­-as-triazine and 3, 4-dihydropyridazino[4, 3-e]-as-triazine, is described. The preparation, isolation, and structure determination of the products from the reaction of methylamine with 3, 4, 5-tri­chloropyridazine are described. It was found that the reaction of …

The Synthesis Of Pyrimidines And Condensed Pyridazines As Potential Antimetabolites, Judith A. Wagner

Chemistry and Chemical Biology ETDs

Interest in the compounds described by this thesis was first aroused in the early 1930's when a research team began to investigate the mass poisonings of the population in Indonesia. The cause of the poisonings seemed to be the foodstuffs which the people made for themselves from the abundant coconut. Two products in particular, Bongkrek and Semaji, made from coconut presscakes and grated coconut, were apparently the source of the toxic substance. When made under improper conditions, the toxic principle developed in an otherwise harmless food product. A compound was finally isolated and established as the toxic principle by …

New Techniques In Precision Gamma Scanning: Application To Fast Breeder Reactor Fuel Pins, John R. Phillips

Chemistry and Chemical Biology ETDs

A new precision gamma scanning system is described. The system is designed for the thorough, detailed, nondestructive characterization of irradiated fast reactor fuel pins. Gamma scanning data are given for failed fuel pin , transfer mechanisms of fission products, quantitative isotopic scan­ning, and differential burnup profiles.

The system consists of a scanning mechanism for the precise positioning (±0.001 in.) of the irradiated fuel pin, high density tungsten alloy collimators for defining the volume segment from which the gamma-ray spectra are collected, a large high resolution an anticoincidence detector assembly for resolving complex gamma-ray spectra, and a computer con­trolled data acquisition …

Development Of Standard Procedures For Determination Of [Delta]G° (K), [Delta]H° And [Delta]S° Values Via Potentiometric And Calorimetric Titration Techniques, Jack Hugh Ruckman

Theses and Dissertations

Standard computer techniques were developed for computation of ΔG° values from potentiometric titration data and ΔH° values from calorimetric titration data. The procedures developed can be used for any systems having the general equations HA = W^+ + A^- ; H_2A = 2H^+ + A^2- ; and H_3A = 3H^+ + A^3-, where the proton ionizations may be consecutive or simultaneous. The thermodynamic values ΔG°(K), ΔH° and ΔS° were determined for the ionization of protons from the protonated compounds methionine (-NH_3^+ group only), phosphoethanalomine and phosphoserine. The compounds studied were selected because they contain one, two and three ionizable protons …

|Ni.|Pa Calorimetric Study Of The Heat Of Ionization Of Water At 10 And 40°C, And,|Nii.|Pa Calorimetric Determination Of The Heat Of Reaction Of Tris (Hydroxymethyl) Aminomethane (Tham) With Hydrochloric Acid In Aqueous Solution At 10, 25, And 40°C, Griffith Lyn Kimball

Theses and Dissertations

The heat of neutralization, ΔH_-N, of perchloric acid with sodium hydroxide has been determined at 10 and 40° in a low ionic strength, μ, region using a nonisothermal, constant-temperature-environment solution calorimeter. Correction of the data to infinite dilution by extrapolation of a plot of ΔH_-N vs μ^0.5 gives values at zero ionic strength for the heat of ionization of water of 14.216 and 12.695 kcal/mole, respectively, at 10 and 40° . The data are correlated with those of earlier workers to give an equation allowing the calculation of the heat of ionization of water at zero ionic strength over the …

The Determination Of Thiamin And Its Derivatives In Brain Tissue Of Control, Thiamin-Deficient, Oxythiamin- And Pyrithiamin-Treated Rats, David S. Murdock

Theses and Dissertations

The determination of total thiamin, free thiamin, thiamin di phosphate (TDP) plus thiamin triphosphate (TTP), and total α- hydroxyethylthiamin (HET) levels in rat brain in control, deficient, oxythiamin- (OTH) and pyrithiamin- (PTH) treated rats was accomplished. It was found that the TDP + TTP/thiamin ratio observed in the thiamin-deficient, OTH- and PTH-treated rats was constant and did not differ from the ratio observed in the control rat brains. The brain levels of TDP + TTP decreased to 39% and 12% of the control thiamin levels in deficient and PTH-treated rats respectively. The brain HET and TDP + TTP levels of …

A Study Of Bisimines Of Tetramethyl-1,3-Cyclobutanedione, Edward Albert Schmidt

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

It was the purpose, therefore, of this work, to investigate the preparation, properties, and reactions of bisimines of 2,2,4,4- tetramethyl-1,3-cyclobutanedione, to determine the chemical effects of carbon π-bonded to nitrogen. Certain of these effects are compared to carbon π-bonded to oxygen in a structurally similar environment.

Ferroxidase-Ii: A Blood Serum Lipo-Protein, Christine Shih Ming Sung

Master's Theses

Ferroxidase-II was definitely identified as a lipoprotein. Cholesterol and phospholipids remained tightly associated with the ferroxidase-II protein following extensive purification. Quantitative analysis showed that it is a high-density lipoprotein. Thin-layer chromatographic analyses indicated that phosphatidylcholine accounts for the majority of the bound phospholipid with lysophosphatidyl choline and sphingomyel in accounting for the remaining phospholipid.

Treatment of purified ferroxidase-II with phospholipase C or A resulted in a loss of ferroxidase activity which paralleled the hydrolysis of phospholipid. Phospholipid D treatment also resulted in the loss of ferroxidase activity, yet the loss was not as great as with other phospholipases. A lipid-depleted …