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Consumption, Digestion, And Utilization By Goats Of The Dry Matter And Nitrogen In Diets Containing Oak (Quercus Gambelii) Foliage, Anastasios Stefanos Nastis

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Part I
A study of animal performance was made with goats fed, ad libitum ground and pe11eted mixtures of Gambe1 oak and alfalfa. Intake, digestibility, metabolizable nitrogen, and metabolized energy of oak diets were generally lower than those for a control alfalfa diet. However, no significant differences in live weight gains of experimental animals were found. No apparent toxicity was detected in goats fed diets containing up to 80 percent oak for 72 days.

Part II
Mixtures of oak (Quercus gambelii) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa) were used to evaluate three laboratory techniques, the Tilley and Terry …

Autoecology Of The Ruderal Weed Heterotheca Grandiflora With Emphasis On Germination Dimorphism, Stephan Dexter Flint

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Weedy species, as they occupy diverse and unpredictable environments, are expected to possess considerable variability in numerous characteristics, including germination. The visually dimorphic achenes of Heterotheca grandiflora Nutt. (Asteraceae) were tested for potentially adaptive differences in their germination, the establishment of the resulting seedlings, and the relative production of the two achene types.

Achenes produced by the disc florets are adapted for dispersal and rapid germination while the ray florets produce smaller achenes lacking a dispersal mechanism, but possessing a more sophisticated physiological system capable of regulating germination. Ray achene germination rates were significantly influenced by different soil surfaces while …

A Comparison Of Dewpoint And Psychrometric Mode In Leaf Water Potential Measurements, Gladys Durand-Campero

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Leaf water potential of two maize plants (Zea mays L.) two chlorophytum plants (Chlorophytwn capense, Kuntze), a schefflera (Brassaia actinophylla) and one aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.), were measured under laboratory conditions with aluminum block in situ leaf hygrometers and with stainless steel single junction chamber hygrometer using excised entire leaves. Plants were subjected to a drying cycle. The hygrometers were controlled with a dewpoint microvoltmeter and all readouts were recorded on a chart recorder. A typical reading and control schedule included 20 second cooling before a first psychrometric reading allowing the output to …

Genetic Control Of Spermiogenesis In Drosophila Melanogaster: The Effects Of Abnormal Association Of Centrosome And Nucleus In Mutant Ms(1)6s, Douglas Lee Habliston

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Mutant ms(l)6S of Drosophila melanogaster is characterized by a spectrum of abnormalities of spermatid differentiation. Included in these are failure of the basal body to make normal attachment to the nucleus, failure of acrosomes to develop, and lack of a normal pupulation of perinuclear microtubules. There is also a failure of normal chromatin condensation and nuclear elongation. The mitochondria do not form a normaI nebenkern, but nevertheless fuse, elongate, and develop paracrystalline bodies. The number of normal axonemes is markedly reduced as a result of the failure of some centrioles to form basal bodies. All of these aberrations can be …

Influence Of Corynebacterium Insidiosum On The Water Relations Of Alfalfa, Rastri Dey

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The effect of Corynebacterium insidiosum (McCull) H. L. Jensen on the water relations of its host, alfalfa, was studied by field measurements made on a 6-year-old stand of Ranger alfalfa. Periodic measurements of stomatal conductance, xylem pressure potential Ψ, and root, stem, and leaf conductance were made in relation to soil moisture conditions. Water regain and electrolyte leakage studies were also made to test membrane integrity in diseased plant leaves.

At all times the xylem pressure potential Ψ was found to be much more negative in diseased plants than in healthy plants. Stomatal conductance was found to respond to the …

When Is Sex Environmentally Determined?, Eric Charnov, James Bull

Biology Faculty & Staff Publications

No abstract provided.

Ua68/1 Forum, Wku Potter College Of Arts & Letters

WKU Administration Documents

WKU Potter College of Arts & Letters faculty newsletter regarding faculty research and publications. This issue includes:

• Mounce, Robert. As I See It - Fletcher Byrom
• Jackson, Carlton. History at Western Kentucky University: A Rationale
• Glaser, Joseph. Nature's Mystic Book: A Report from the New Biology

Behavioral Aspects Of Southwest Michigan Opilionids, Wolfgang C. Schroeter

Masters Theses

Introduction

Opilionids (Arachnida: Opiliones) are arachnids that have such descriptive common names as harvestmen or daddy longlegs. In the summer and early autumn opilionids become a conspicuous component of the invertebrate fauna; however, as common as these animals are, little attention has been paid to their behavior. Most published research on opilionids deals with their taxonomy.

The intraspecific interactions of opilionids is a significant area or ethology that needs careful examination. Intraspecific interactions fall into three categories reproductive, aggressive, and cooperative behaviors. A knowledge of the reproductive behavior of opilionids is essential for a complete picture or the evolution of …

A Bioassay Study Of Portage Creek Using Tetrahymena Pyriformis As An Indicator Organism, George T. Mimidis

Masters Theses

No abstract provided.

The Limnetic Zooplankton Community Of Boulder Basin, Lake Mead In Relation To The Metalimnetic Oxygen Minimum, Thomas A. Burke

Publications (WR)

The limnetic zooplankton community of Boulder Basin, Lake Mead, was examined to determine the role of this community in the development of a metalimnetic oxygen minimum which regularly occurs in the lake. Analysis of the community from May 1975 to April 1976 revealed that zooplankton maintain high populations within the metalimnion during summer stratification. The species composition of the community changes noticeably during the summer, but due to advanced stages excysting from resting forms, a complete assemblage of individuals are found throughout the 74 day period studied. Thermal stratification was weak, covering a 30 meter metalimnion. Eddy currents powered by …

A Study Of Bronchial Clearance In The Syrian Hamster Using Tantalum Bronchography, David Joseph Velasquez

Biology ETDs

A technique using simultaneous bilateral radiographic exposures of the bronchial tree of Syrian hamsters was used to examine clearance patterns of tantalum powder, an inert radiopaque substance. The tantalum powder, nominally 2.5 µm diameter particle size, was insufflated in small amounts ranging from 6 mg to 344 mg into the lungs of 10 animals. In most cases the major bronchi of the lungs were well outlined with tantalum initially, as were several medium and small bronchi. The clearance of the tantalum was noted by making simultaneous radiographic exposures from two directions at exponentially increasing time intervals. Exposures were begun within …

Fine-Structure Map Of The Histidine Transport Genes In Salmonella Typhimurium, Giovanna Ferro-Luzzi Ames, K. Dale Noel, H. Taber, E. Negri Spudich, Kishiko Nikaido, J. Afong, F. Ardeshir

Biological Sciences Faculty Research and Publications

Afine-structure genetic map of the histidine transport region of the Salmonella typhimurium chromosome was constructed. Twenty-five deletion mutants were isolated and used for dividing the hisJ and hisP genes into 8 and 13 regions respectively. A total of 308 mutations, spontaneous and mutagen induced, have been placed in these regions by deletion mapping. The histidine transport operon is presumed to be constituted of genes dhuA, hisJ, and hisP, and the regulation of the hosP and hisJ genes by dhuA is discussed. The orientation of this operon relative to purF has been established by three-point crosses as being: purF …

The Vegetation Of South Padre Island, Texas In Relation To Topography, Frank W. Judd, Robert I. Lonard, Sammie L. Sides

School of Integrative Biological & Chemical Sciences (Formerly Dept. of Biology)

Vegetation patterns were studied in relation to topography to ascertain the degree of phytosociological change and to provide an inventory of the vegetation of South Padre Island. Six major terrestrial topographic zones were recognized: (1) Foreshore, (2) Backshore, (3) Primary dunes, (4) Secondary dunes and vegetated flats, (5) Tidal flats, and (6) Washovers. The flora includes at least 204 species of angiosperms representing 47 families. Five families, Compositae (26), Cyperaceae (10), Gramineae (46), Leguminosae (24), and Scrophulariaceae (8), account for 55.9% of the species diversity. The vegetation occurs in distinct zones that correspond closely to topographic facets. Comparison of three …

The Fatty Acid Composition Of Some North American Dwarf Mistletoe, Hwa Chen

Dissertations and Theses

Fatty acid composition of five dwarf mistletoe species was analysed by Gas Liquid Chromatography. Because of the limitations of available equipment, only aerial shoots were analysed. Palmitic, oleic, linoleic and arachidic acids were the major components of total lipids. The sum of these acids accounted for 85-95 percent of total lipids present in the tissue. There was no apparent difference between species. The ratio of saturated acids to unsaturated acids in summer collections was higher than that of fall collections. Temperature may play an important role in controlling of these ratios. Lipid content varied from 3.25% to 8.5% on a …

A Study Of Home Range In Two Neotoma Fuscipes Colonies In Klamath County, Oregon, Brent D. Frazier

Dissertations and Theses

Home ranges of dusky-footed wood rats (Neotoma fuscipes) were determined by the exclusive boundary strip method in two colonies 630 m apart in Klamath County, Oregon. The mean home range area was 1800 - 1900 m² . Densities or trees and shrubs were determined on selected home ranges and densities of wood rat houses and nests were determined on all home ranges. No significant correlation was found between home range areas and densities of various trees and shrubs, home range areas and densities of woodrat houses and nests, or home range areas and weights of woodrats in …

Optimal Prey Selection In The Great Tit (Parus Major), John Krebs, Jonathan Erichsen, Michael Webber, Eric Charnov

Biology Faculty & Staff Publications

We tested the predictions of an optimal foraging model using five captive great tits as predators. The birds were presented with two prey types, profitable and unprofitable, on a moving belt. Both prey types were made out of mealworms. When the encounter rate with both prey types was low, the birds were non-selective, but at a higher encounter rate with profitable prey, the birds selectively ignored the less profitable type and did so irrespective of the encounter rate with them. These results are as predicted by the model, but the birds did not as predicted change from no selection in …

Evaluation Of Plantings For Wildlife On A Power Line Right Of Way In Southern Arkansas, Robert A. Pierce, Robert T. Kirkwood

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

The combination of types of land preparation and species of plants seeded along a power line right-of-way was evaluated in terms of the effects upon wildlife. Relative population densities of plants, birds, and mammals were determined for each of the areas under study. A study of the reduction in maintenance costs in relation to the initial investment for preparation and seeding of the land was made

Development Of Sporangia In Polypodium Aureum Var. Undulatum: Initial Scanning Electron Microscopial Observations, William R. Bowen, David Williams

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Preliminary SEM observations of developing sori of P. aureum revealed several potential areas for future ultrastructural (SEM and TEM) study, including ontogeny of sporangial initials, annulus differentiation, and sport wall development.

Oxygen Toxicity In The Mammalian Liver, Dennis A. Baeyens, M. J. Meier

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

The effect of hyperbaric oxygen tensions on the oxygen consumption of mouse liver homogenates was investigated. It was found that hyperbaric oxygen rapidly inhibits the oxidative metabolism of the mammalian liver. Mouse liver homogenate exposed to an oxygen tension of 3837.8 mm Hg for 30 minutes demonstrated a 50.6% reduction in oxygen consumption compared to controls exposed to nitrogen at ambient pressure. The effects of reduced glutathione as a protective agent against hyperbaric oxygen toxicity were also examined. Liver homogenates pretreated with reduced glutathione and exposed to hyperbaric oxygen tensions demonstrated greater activity than untreated controls. It is concluded that: …

Temporal Aspects Of Calling Behavior In Oyster Toadfish, Opsanus-Tau, Michael L. Fine

Biology Publications

The oyster toadfish, Opsanus tau (Linnaeus), produces two calls: an agonistic grunt and a boatwhistle associated with courtship (Fish 1954; Tavolga 1958,1960; Gray and Winn 1961). The boatwhistle is produced only by males on nests (Gray and Winn 1961) and is endogenously driven as well as influenced by calling of surrounding males (Winn 1964, 1967, 1972; Fish 1972). A toadfish, not hearing other males, may still boatwhistle for long periods and attract a female. Although toadfish may be influenced to call by the calling of adjacent males, one would assume the circadian patterning of the boatwhistle to be influenced by …

Revision Of Pectis Section Pectidium (Compositae: Tageteae), David J. Keil

Biological Sciences

Pectis L. sect. Pectidium (Less.) A. Gray is a small but very wide-ranging group of taxa. The geographic range of this section includes both insular distribution patterns and broad disjunctions. In an effort to clarify the systematic relationships and to provide a possible explanation for the interesting distribution patterns, I undertook an investigation of this section.

Clematis Coahuilensis (Ranunculaceae), A New Species From North-Central Mexico, David J. Keil

Biological Sciences

Floristic investigations in the Cuatro Cienegas basin and nearby mountain ranges in Coahuila, Mexico, have resulted in the discovery of a previously undescribed species of Clematis (Ranunculaceae). The new species, Clematis coahuilensis, is apparently restricted to the Chihuahuan Desert Region and adjacent segments of the Sierra Madre Oriental. Its known distribution is centered in Coahuila.

Chromosome Studies In North And Central American Species Of Pectis L. (Compositae: Tagetaea), David J. Keil

Biological Sciences

Chromosomal modification is often a major factor in the evolutionary diversification of a large, rapidly evolving genus. Pectis, the largest and most widespread genus in the New World tribe Tageteae (Compositae), has radiated into a variety of habitats during its evolutionary history. Until relatively recently, however, little has been known of the role of chromosomal change in the evolution of the genus. Pectis was cytologically unknown until the studies of Raven and Kyhos (1961) and of Turner, Ellison, and King (1961). Subsequently, additional counts have been reported for several taxa (Table 1). To date, however, only a few of …

Isoenzyme Loci In Brown Trout (Salmo Trutta L.) - Detection And Interpretation From Population Data, Fred W. Allendorf, N. Mitchell, N. Ryman, G. Stahl

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Previously reported results on natural populations of brown trout (Salmo trutta L.) urged further studies using additional electrophoretically detectable loci. Samples of brain, eye, heart, kidney, liver, and muscle from approximately 50 specimens from each of two populations and a large number of muscle samples from several additional populations were examined. Electrophoretic and staining methods for the 37 enzymes studied are given in detail. Of a total of 69 loci detected, 54 loci were considered usable in population genetics screenings. The expression of the loci coding for these enzymes is described and interpreted. The results presented will serve as …

On The Sedimentation Behavior And Molecular Weight Of 16s Ribosomal Rna From Escherichia Coli, Walter E. Hill, Kenneth R. Bakke, Donald P. Blair

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

The Gross Morphology Of The Internal Tendons Of The Muscles Of The Human Lower Extremity, Nadhi Gagnantadilok

Dissertations

No abstract provided.

A Comparative Study Of Aldehyde Oxidase From Tumorous-Head And Oregon-R-C Strains Of Drosophila Melanogaster, Richard A. Respess

Retrospective Theses and Dissertations

Aldehyde oxidase has been partially purified from Oregon-R-C and tuh(ASU) strains of Drosophila melanogaster using an affinity technique. The two enzymes were subjected to a partial kinetic analysis and found to be very similar to one another. This indicated the problem of elevated aldehyde oxidase activity in tuh(ASU) at key developmental stages (Kuhn and Cunningham, 1976) is due to an abnormal regulation. A comparative isozyme study through the developmental stages showed no major differences between the enzymes indirectly supporting the idea of an abnormal regulation. A comparison of tuh(ASU) with four wild-type strains indicated it may be a fourth allozyme …

The Effects Of Enzymes On Activated Sludge Floc, Terry Lee Stoddart

Retrospective Theses and Dissertations

Dialysed activated sludge was used as a substrate to test for enzymes which can hydrolyse activated sludge floc. Two hundred and fifty aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms were tested against activated sludge for the presence of hydrolytic enzymes. These included known genera and organisms obtained by various enrichment procedures. Anaerobic digester mixed liquor was contacted with activated sludge agar under anaerobic conditions. None of the microorganisms present in the digester liquor hydrolysed the floc. The following commercial enzymes were contacted with activated sludge singly, in combination, and sequentially under various physical and chemical conditions: protease, lipase, cellulose, pectinase, phospholipase C, trypsin, …

The Distribution, Variation, And Natural History Of The Middle American Highland Pitvipers, Bothrops Barbouri And Bothrops Godmani, Jonathan Atwood Campbell

Biology Faculty Publications - Archive

Ecological limiting factors, morphological characteristics, and life history data were used to explain the possible origin, dispersal, and present distribution of Bothrops godmani and B. barbouri. Museum specimens were examined in detail and field investigations were carried out from 1973 to 1976 for a period totaling approximately four months. Bothrops barbouri is distributed at elevations above 2400 meters in cloud forest and at higher elevations in mesic fir-pine-oak forests in Guerrero, Mexico. Bothrops godmani is distributed from southeastern Oaxaca, Mexico, to Chiriqu (Province, Panama, at elevations exceeding 1500 meters. This species inhabits a variety of forest types ranging from mesic …

Home Range And Movements Of Fox Squirrels (Scirius Niger) In East Central Illinois, Sheryl L. Dyer

Masters Theses

No abstract provided.