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The Dna Sequence Required For The Maximal Transactivation Of The Vp5 Gene Of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1, Shin Chen

Dissertations and Theses

A regulatory element involved in the transcriptional activation of the major capsid protein (VP5) of herpes simplex virus type 1 was identified and characterized in this research project. Gel mobility shift assay with nuclear extracts from both uninfected and HSV-1 infected HeLa cells identified two major protein-DNA complexes involving the VP5 promoter. No viral specific complex found. DNase I and orthophenanthroline-Cu⁺ footprint analyses in the same laboratory revealed that the two complexes involve a single binding site, GGCCATCTTGAA, located between -64 and -75 bp relative to the VP5 cap site. To determine the function of this leaky-late binding site …

An X-Ray Microanalytical Study On The Effects Of Ouabain And N-Ethyl Maleimide On The Elemental Concentrations In Malpighian Tubule Cells Of Locusta, Natalia Pivovarova, John H. Anstee, Ken Bowler

Scanning Microscopy

X-ray microanalysis was used to study elemental distribution in Malpighian tubule cells of Locusta migratoria and how these are affected by the replacement of bathing medium K⁺ with Rb⁺ and by inclusion of the transport inhibitors ouabain and n-ethyl maleimide (NEM) in standard (K⁺-containing) and Rb⁺-Ringer (K⁺-free) solutions. Incubation of tubules in standard Ringer containing 1 mM ouabain dramatically affected the intracellular levels of K and Na. The intracellular K concentration fell and Na concentration increased in all regions studied. Despite this, a gradient of increasing K concentration from basal to apical …

The Mayfly Newsletter, Peter M. Grant

The Mayfly Newsletter

The Mayfly Newsletter is the official newsletter of the Permanent Committee of the International Conferences on Ephemeroptera.

Intrapopulation Variation In Hatching Synchrony In House Wrens: Test Of The Individual-Optimization Hypothesis, Given Harper, Steven Juliano, Charles Thompson

Scholarship

Intrapopulation variation in hatching synchrony has been documented in several avian species, although little attention has been paid to this phenomenon. We experimentally reversed some synchronously and asynchronously hatched broods to test an individual-optimization hypothesis to explain variation in hatching synchrony in a population of House Wrens (Troglodytes aedon) in central Illinois. Contrary to expectation, the number and quality (as measured by mass) of fledglings produced in reversed broods was the same as that for unmanipulated broods, as were recapture rates of juveniles and offspring recruitment to subsequent breeding populations. Thus, the results do not support the individual-optimization hypothesis as …

Breeding Patterns Of Eastern Phoebes In Kansas: Adaptive Strategies Or Physiological Constraint?, Michael T. Murphy

Biology Faculty Publications and Presentations

Data were collected on annual (1980-1983) and seasonal (spring vs. summer) variation in reproduction by the double-brooded Eastern Phoebe (Sayornis phoebe) to test the proposal that phoebes modify reproductive patterns on a seasonal basis and switch from being brood survivalists in spring to brood reductionists in summer. Clutch size did not differ between spring and summer broods nor among years, but spring nests fledged one more nestling than summer nests. In 1981 breeding began earlier, eggs were larger, and nestlings grew faster than in all other years. Clutch size and egg mass within spring clutches increased seasonally. Egg mass was …

Scanning Electron Microscopic Study Of The Three-Dimensional Structure Of The Collagen Networks Of Gastric Cancer, Masuki Iyoki, Keijiro Araki, Takuro Ogata

Scanning Microscopy

The three-dimensional structure of the collagen networks in human gastric carcinoma was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) after treatment with the cell-maceration method using a low temperature NaOH solution. Based on stromal content, the poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma can be divided into the medullary carcinoma area and the scirrhous carcinoma area. In the medullary carcinoma, the collagen sheath around the small tumor cell acinus formed spherical chambers (20-30 μm in diameter) with fenestrations (about 5 μm in diameter) connecting the chambers. The collagen sheath was composed of fine collagen fibrils (about 50 nm in diameter). In the scirrhous area, there …

Collagen Fiber Arrangement In Temporo-Mandibular Joint (Tmj) Disks From Human Subjects With Functional Diseases. Scanning Electron Microscopy Investigations, C. Piacentini, C. Marchetti, G. Bernasconi, P. Menghini, U. Baciliero, C. Brusotti

Scanning Microscopy

Twelve articular disks from patients with temporo-mandibular joint (TMJ) arthropathy were studied and compared with two normal disks. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) examination of the surfaces and of longitudinal and cross-sections of the disks allowed the observation of the arrangement of the collagen fiber component in different parts of the disk. The superficial part of the articular disks appears to be formed by rather compact fibers. The internal portion is usually formed by bundles of collagen fibers in sheets, alternating with isolated fibers arranged in a parallel or irregular way.

In some samples, blood vessels were observed. Our investigations suggested …

Different Forms Of Corrosion Casts, Seyedhossein Aharinejad, Peter Böck

Scanning Microscopy

We have previously described artifacts in corrosion casts prepared with Mercox®, diluted with methylmethacrylic acid (MMA). Using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of casts and light microscopy (LM) of tissue sections, we found new forms of artifacts in casts prepared with both undiluted and MMA-diluted Mercox®. When undiluted Mercox® was used, most of the casts did not show artifacts. Artifacts were rarely seen and comprised empty casts consisting of a rim, while endothelial cell nuclear imprints and other vascular wall structures were replicated. Other casts sometimes showed vessels with a fine granular surface or some with conglomerates in their internal structure, …

Energy-Filtering Transmission Electron Microscopy As A Tool For Structural And Compositional Analysis Of Isolated Ferritin Particles, A. L. D. Beckers, W. C. De Bruijn, J. F. Jongkind, M. I. Cleton-Soeteman, R. P. Apkarian, E. S. Gelsema

Scanning Microscopy

Structural and compositional analysis of isolated horse-spleen ferritin particles was performed by energy filtering transmission electron microscopy (EFTEM). Ferritin particles were collected in ultrathin (2 nm thick) chromium films and analyzed without any additional stain by electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) for iron and carbon and by electron-spectroscopic imaging (ESI) for carbon. The ultrastructure of the proteinaceous shell of the ferritin particle, as obtained by the carbon net-intensity electron spectroscopical and carbon concentration-distribution images, was qualitatively compared to the structure as acquired by a negative-staining procedure.

Quantitative analysis of the number of carbon atoms in the ferritin-shell proteins was carried out …

Influence Of A Corpus Luteum Tissue Extract On Rabbit Ovarian Mesothelial Cells, S. V. Nicosia, R. J. Narconis, B. O. Saunders

Scanning Microscopy

This study investigates rabbit ovarian mesothelial (OM) cells exposed in vitro to a crude corpus luteum extract (CLE; 60 μg/ml). The growth of OM cells was evaluated by measuring the change in cell number (mean % ± standard error of mean, SEM), the number of cell population doublings (CPD ± SEM), and the cell population doubling time in hours (CPDT ± SEM) after 7.5 days of culture in a serum-poor medium. Quantitative estimates of surface morphology changes were obtained by analyzing the total number (mean no. ± SEM), density (mean no./100 μ.m² ± SEM), and length-to-diameter ratio (mean L/D …

Distribution Of Ca-Atpases In The Medial Habenula In Mouse, A. Kittel

Scanning Microscopy

The aim of this study was to investigate the distribution of the ecto-Ca,Mg-adenosine-triphosphatases (ecto-Ca,Mg-ATPases) in the medial habenular nucleus. Nerve terminals that seemed to be similar in morphological terms showed a different distribution of enzyme activity. Also, synapses showed a different distribution of enzyme activity. This could be related to the involvement of different neurotransmitters and modulators.

Three-Dimensional Mapping Of Mineral Densities In Carious Dentin: Theory And Method, J. H. Kinney, G. W. Marshall Jr., S. J. Marshall

Scanning Microscopy

X-ray tomographic microscopy (XTM), a three-dimensional X-ray imaging technique, has been used to quantitatively map mineral concentrations in carious dentin. Data analysis from the XTM study indicates that variations in the mineral concentration surrounding the caries can be imaged in three dimensions with a spatial resolution that is sufficient to detect calcified and enlarged tubule spaces in the lesion. A three-dimensional image of the subsurface lesion indicates that lesion penetration is along the direction of the tubules. The mineral concentration in the uninfected dentin was measured by the XTM to be 1.29 ± 0.14 g/cm³ based upon the tabulated …

A New Versatile System For Freeze-Substitution, Freeze-Drying And Low Temperature Embedding Of Biological Specimens, H. Sitte, L. Edelmann, H. Hässig, H. Kleber, A. Lang

Scanning Microscopy

A universal system for freeze-substitution (FS), freeze-drying (FD) and low temperature embedding (LTE) has been developed, suited to perform standardized procedures of cryoprocessing biological and medical specimens as well as systematic studies of dehydration and embedding at various low and high temperatures. In a 35 I Dewar vessel with 110 mm neck diameter an aluminum tube is mounted to the bottom of the liquid nitrogen (LN_2x) reservoir and extends to the lower part of the cylindrical neck. At its top an aluminum plate serves as a contact surface for either the FS chamber or the FD chamber. FS …

Quantitative Biological Electron Probe Microanalysis With A Wavelength Dispersive Spectrometer, A. Pogorelov, V. Pogorelova, N. V. Repin, I. Mizin

Scanning Microscopy

This paper describes the details of quantitative electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) performed with a wavelength dispersive spectrometer (WDS). EPMA was carried out on the giant neuron of a fresh frozen ganglion from the snail Lymnaea stagnalis. The freeze-dried cryosections were compared with sections of freeze-dried, embedded tissue. It was found, that in the ganglion there are two kinds of neurons with a different chlorine concentration of 11 mmole/liter and 32 mmole/liter. Isolated neurons in culture were shown to differ in elemental composition from those in the ganglion tissue.

Chlorophyll Characterization Of Three Mistletoes And The Chloroplast Ultrastructure Within Aerial And Endophytic Tissues Of Phoradendron Juniperinum, Wesley Emanuel Dubbs

Dissertations and Theses

The aerial shoot pigments of three epiphytic mistletoes and their hosts were examined and the results were found to concur with earlier reports. Emphasis was placed on the mistletoe Phoradendron juniperinum. Absorbance spectroscopy indicated a very similar ratio of pigments in both the aerial tissue of the mistletoe and its juniper host. Spectroscopic examination found the presence of chlorophyll in the endophytic tissue of the genus Phoradendron for the first time. Total chlorophyll concentrations of the endophytic tissue of Phoradendron juniperinum were found to be approximately 10% that of aerial shoots. However, chlorophyll a/b ratios of endophytic tissue were …

Management Of The Marine Aquarium Fish Fishery, Jonathon Barrington

Fisheries Management Papers

This Fisheries Management Paper outlines the management arrangements for the Marine Aquarium Fish Fishery that operates in State waters adjacent to Western Australia. These arrangements augment the previous management arrangements for the fishery of 1992 and supersede those arrangements. A limited entry fishery will be established for marine aquarium fish collecting. The other management arrangements are outlined in detail in the paper.

Identification Of Outer-Membrane Proteins Of Bartonella-Bacilliformis, Michael F. Minnick

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Purification of the outer membrane of Bartonella bacilliformis by sucrose step gradient centrifugation and analysis by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) suggest that 14 proteins, ranging from 11.2 to 75.3 kDa, are located in the outer membrane of the pathogen. On the basis of M(r)s, eleven of these proteins have counterparts which are labeled by extrinsic radioiodination of intact bartonellae, and two of the proteins are visibly sensitive to extrinsic proteinase IC digestion in analysis by SDS-PAGE. While nearly all the extrinsically radioiodinated proteins could be immunoprecipitated with rabbit antibartonella hyperimmune serum, proteins of 31.5, 42, and 45 kDa …

Longitudinal Dynamics Of Seston Concentration And Composition In A Lake Outlet Stream, Yvonne Vadeboncoeur

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Concentrations of suspended particulate organic carbon (POC), dissolved organic carbon, bacteria, and chlorophyll a were measured in a lake outlet in western Montana, USA. Seven sites within the first 3 km downstream from the lake were sampled over 14 mo. Downstream change in concentration of each variable was tested for fit to a power function (C=aD^b). Downstream changes in POC, bacteria, and chlorophyll a, sometimes fit a power function, and the value of the exponent b was positively correlated with discharge. At low discharge, a downstream decline in lake algae was accompanied by an increase in stream algae. …

Insensitivity Of The Present Hsp26 Chromatin Structure To A Tata Box Mutation In Drosophila, Quinn Lu, Lori L. Wallrath, P Emanuel, Sarah C.R. Elgin, D Gilmour

Biology Faculty Research

The role of the TATA element in establishing the chromatin structure and inducible transcription of the Drosophila melanogaster hsp26 gene has been analyzed. An hsp26/lacZ fusion gene with a mutant promoter, in which the TATA box sequence TATAAA was changed to CCCAAA, was introduced into Drosophila by P-element transformation. The mutation had little effect on formation of the preset chromatin structure observed prior to induction. However, the mutation dramatically reduced transcription levels following heat shock. Northern analysis indicated that weak, inducible expression of the mutant promoter occurred within the same period of heat shock as for the normal promoter, suggesting …

Is There A Cell-To-Cell Contact Effect On The X-Ray Dose-Survival Response Of Mammalian Cells?, Nandanuri M. S. Reddy, Krystyna A. Cieszka, Samuil Rozenblyum, Christopher S. Lange

Scanning Microscopy

While a cell-to-cell contact effect has been reported for a Chinese hamster subline V79-171B, this was not observed for another subline V79 171-S. Therefore, we tested whether the cell-to-cell contact effect on cell survival depended on the cell line or the experimental conditions used. We have cultured and compared both sublines under identical conditions. Both sublines, cultured in Eagle's minimal essential medium (MEM) with 15% serum, bad nearly identical cell doubling times and radiosensitivities. For both sublines, the survival of spheroid and monolayer cells subcultured immediately after irradiation were nearly the same, i.e., a radio-protective contact effect for spheroid cells …

Confocal Fluorescence Ratio Imaging Of Ion Activities In Plant Cells, M. D. Fricker, M. Tlalka, J. Ermantraut, G. Obermeyer, M. Dewey, S. Gurr, J. Patrick, N. S. White

Scanning Microscopy

Fluorescent probes allow measurement of dynamic changes of calcium and pH in living cells. Imaging using confocal scanning laser microscopy provides a route to spatially map these dynamics over time in single optical sections or in 3-D images. We have developed a dual-excitation confocal system to allow ratio measurements of pH and calcium, that compensate for changes in dye distribution, leakage and photobleaching. Application of these techniques to plant tissues is complicated by the difficulty in loading the tissues with dye. We describe a new technique to assist dye loading in intact leaves of Lemna using a pre-treatment with cutinase. …

An Experimental Scanning Electron Microscopic Study Of Human Cerebellar Cortex Using The T-Butyl Alcohol Freeze-Drying Device, Teruyuki Hojo

Scanning Microscopy

Specimen preparation methods are very important in scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of nerve tissues. In the present study, a t-butyl alcohol freeze-drying device was used to prepare cerebellar cortex of the human and that of the rat at 15°C and 160 mm Hg. This method has been previously used with success in the preparation of other tissues, such as pancreas and trachea. Relatively large specimens (about 10 mm x 15 mm x 1 mm) of formalin-fixed human and glutaraldehyde-Millonig buffer perfused (1 hour) Wistar rat were rinsed in water, dehydrated in a series of ethanols, immersed in t-butyl …

Investigations Of Factors Affecting The Transcriptional Regulation Of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Βγ (Leaky-Late) Genes, Rosemary Ann Lown

Dissertations and Theses

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is a virus commonly causing cold sores in humans, however, virulent infections are known to produce debilitating encephalitis and death.

HSV-1 transcription is carried out by the host cell RNA polymerase II in a tightly regulated temporal cascade. The first genes transcribed, the a genes, are activated in the absence of viral DNA synthesis. Transcription of the other temporal classes, the β, βγ, and γ genes is dependent upon the protein products of the a genes for activation.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors that contribute to this rigid regulation …

Activity And Distribution Of Attached Bacteria In Chesapeake Bay, Peter Griffith, Fuh-Kwo Shiah, Kathryn Gloersen, Hugh W. Ducklow, Madilyn Fletcher

Faculty Publications

The purpose of this study was to further our understanding of the role of particle-associated bacteria in phytoplankton degradation in the Chesapeake Bay, USA, and to identify environmental parameters that control production by free and particle-associated bacteria. Surface and bottom waters at 10 stations along the length of the Bay were sampled over a 2 yr period. Samples were analyzed for temperature, salinity, chlorophyll, phaeophytin, particulate protein, thymidine incorporation (an estimate of bacterial growth rate), and bacterial total direct counts. Results demonstrated that freeliving bacteria were responsible for most of the total bacterial production, which was correlated with temperature and …

Proton-Induced And Electron-Induced X-Ray Microanalysis Of Insulin-Secreting Cells, Eva Pålsgård, Ulf Lindh, Lisa Juntti-Berggren, Per-Olof Berggren, Godfried M. Roomans, Geoffrey W. Grime

Scanning Microscopy

Elemental redistribution induced by insulin secretion, was investigated by electron and proton probe X-ray microanalysis. In particular, ion fluxes following immediately upon stimulation were studied. As the sensitivity of the electron probe was insufficient, the proton microprobe was employed. In order to see whether the cell is asymmetric with respect to Ca²⁺ influx, the cells were stimulated in the presence of Sr²⁺ (as a Ca²⁺ analog). Insulin-secreting cells (RINm5F cells and isolated mouse β-cells) were cultured on grids and shock-frozen at 2-30 seconds after stimulation. In a large number of cells, the major elements and and large …

Conventional And High Resolution Scanning Electron Microscopy And Cryofracture Techniques As Tools For Tracing Cerebellar Short Intracortical Circuits, Orlando J. Castejón, Robert P. Apkarian, Consuelo Valero

Scanning Microscopy

The present paper shows the potential contribution of conventional and high resolution scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to trace short intracortical circuits in cryofractured fish, primate and human cerebelli. Conventional SEM slicing technique allowed us to identify afferent mossy and climbing fibers and their synaptic relationship in the granular layer. SEM freeze-fracture method exposed the mossy glomerular synapses and the axo-dendritic connections of climbing fibers. At the Purkinje cell layer, the cryofracture process removed the satellite Bergmann glial cell layer, displaying a partial view of the supra-and infra-ganglionic plexuses of Purkinje cells and the ascending pathways of climbing fibers. High resolution …

Intercellular Interactions In Pc12 Cells Overexpressing Beta/A4 Amyloid, Gladys E. Maestre, Barbara A. Tate, Ronald E. Majocha, John Maguire, Charles A. Marotta

Scanning Microscopy

The amyloid precursor protein (APP) is an integral membrane component of eukaryotic cells. A variety of research approaches have addressed the contribution of the β amyloid peptide region of the APP to neuritic plaque structure and formation in the Alzheimer disease brain as well as the relationship between β amyloid accumulation and the occurrence of dementia. However, there is limited information available concerning the cellular consequences of amyloid deposition. The present studies were undertaken to investigate the relationship between β amyloid and intercellular junctions. Transfected PC12 cell lines, that overexpress the β amyloid peptide, exhibit structural and functional alterations at …

A Study Of Understory Plant Recovery After A Forest Fire In The Columbia River Gorge, Mark Alan Pittsenbarger

Dissertations and Theses

Between October 9, 1991 and October 16, 1991 a fire burned 577 hectares in the Columbia River Gorge near the west end on the Oregon side. All of the area burned consisted of second growth Pseudotsuga menziesii and the accompanying understory. This was the first disturbance of this magnitude in this part of the Columbia River Gorge since 1902. The purpose of this study was to examine the pattern of understory recovery in the first two years following the fire. This study also sought to learn: 1) how Pseudotsuga menziesii seedlings are recruited into the population, 2) how quickly the …

The General Adaptation Syndrome In Gerbillus, Bridget L. Moore

McCabe Thesis Collection

The General Adaptation Syndrome or the G.A.S. is the term applied to collective responses to physiological stress. It is initiated by any disturbance in the normal balance of the body functions. These responses affect humans, monkeys, and other animals. The three main physiological changes which occur as a result of stress are enlarged adrenals, shrunken lymphatic organs, and bleeding gastrointestinal ulcers. There are also concomitant changes in the hematocrit and the formed elements of blood. In particular, there is usually a decrease in lymphocytes and eosinophils accompanied by the increase in neutrophils and platelets.

Stress is defined as pressure, or …

How Amaranth Grain Affects Total Body Weight And Major Organ Weight In The Mongolian Gerbil, Rhoshonda Montgomery- Conway

McCabe Thesis Collection

Purpose and Objectives

The purpose of this research is to determine effects of amaranth grain of the body weight and organ weight of the Mongolian gerbil. The literature research indicates that amaranth results in physiological changes that appear to be species-specific rather than general. Since the gerbil is a granivorous animal, it is hypothesized that amaranth will be completely digested and that its nutritional quality will maintain normal to increased growth. While the results of this study cannot be applied to other animals, information has been gained with regard to the influence of amaranth grain on the Mongolian gerbil.