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An Analysis Of The Potability Of Water In Logan County, Oscar D. James

McCabe Thesis Collection

Recent questions have been raised concerning the drinking water supplying the citizens of Logan County. This study seeks to determine how well Logan County's potable water supply conforms with state and national drinking water standards. Emphasis is placed on the maximum contaminant levels of water supplying the Langston community and surrounding areas. Questions posed to

Management Arrangements For Specimen Shell Collection In Western Australia, Jonathon Barrington

Fisheries Management Papers

This Fisheries Management Report outlines the management arrangements in respect of specimen shell collection in Western Australia. It includes a management plan for the Western Australian Specimen Shell Collection Fishery and management arrangements for recreational specimen shell collection.

The Physiological, Enzymatic, And Genetic Characterization Of Staphylococcus Sp. Chromium (Vi) Reductase Function, Matthew J. Trudeau

Senior Scholar Papers

A strain of Staphylococcus isolated by Dr. Fekete at the Sandia National Laboratory toxic metal dumping site in Sandia, New Mexico. has been found to reduce toxic Cr(VI) to the less toxic Cr(IlI) state. We have ascertained the environmental parameters for optimal bacterial growth and Cr(VI) reduction. This knowledge may be employed in a comprehensive bioremediation scheme designed to accelerate natural reparation of that Sandia ecosystem. In addition we have investigated the genetic and enzymatic basis for this Cr(VI) reducing ability. This information may allow us to create more effective bioremediation schemes based on the comprehensive knowledge of enzyme and …

Gyrb Mutations In Coumermycin A1-Resistant Borrelia Burgdorferi., D. Scott Samuels, Richard T. Marconi, Wai Mun Huang, Claude F. Garon

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

We have isolated and characterized mutants of Borrelia burgdorferi that are resistant to the antibiotic coumermycin A1, which targets the B subunit of DNA gyrase. Mutants had either 100- or 300-fold higher resistance to coumermycin A1 than wild-type B. burgdorferi. In each case, a single point mutation in the gyrB gene converted Arg-133 to Gly or Ile. Mutations in the homologous Arg residue of Escherichia coli DNA gyrase are also associated with resistance to coumarin antimicrobial agents.

Phenotypic Profiles Of Lymphocytes In Adult C57bl/6n Mice Infected With Cryptosporidium Parvum, Diane Rose Bienek

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of this study was to quantitate the populations o f lymphocytes in the spleens and intestines of normal and immunosuppressed adult C57BL/6N mice that were noninfected or infected with Cryptosporidium parvum. This was accomplished by using the following methodologies: immunohistochemistry, ELISA-spot assay, and flow cytometry.

Mice in groups 1 and 2 were immunosuppressed, but only group 2 was infected. Mice in group 3 were only infected, whereas group 4 served as the normal control. Mice were immunosuppressed with dexamethasone (DEXI at a dosage of 125µg/mouse/day. Infected mice received 10⁶ oocysts per os. The numbers of lymphocytes were …

Role Of Sarcolemma Action Potentials And Excitability In Muscle Fatigue, Edward Michael Balog, Ladora Vaughan Thompson, Robert H. Fitts

Biological Sciences Faculty Research and Publications

The purposes of this study were to characterize the alterations in the sarcolemma action potential (AP) waveform and sarcolemma excitability as a result of fatiguing stimulation of the frog semitendinosus muscle and to relate these changes to the decrease in the force-generating ability of the muscle. Trains of APs were recorded before and after stimulation (100-ms trains, 150 Hz, 1/s for 5 min). The resting membrane potential (RMP), AP overshoot (OS), and duration at 50% of peak magnitude (DUR) were -84.3 +/- 2.0 mV, 19.5 +/- 1.9 mV, and 1.3 +/- 0.1 ms, respectively, before stimulation. The stimulation protocol caused …

Mitochondrial Dna Variation Within The Western-Clark's Grebe Complex (Podicipedidae: Aechmophorus), Bruce Alan Eichhorst

Theses and Dissertations

The Western Grebe (Aechmophorus occidentalis) and Clark's Grebe (A. clarkii) are considered to be closely related .. Until recently, they were regarded as color phases of one species--the Western Grebe. I assessed mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variation within and between the Aechmophorus color phases. I also evaluated the plausibility of two vicariance models that have been. proposed to explain the evolution of the color phases. Grebes were collected from seven breeding sites, representing three geographic regions of the United States-Canada breeding range. Restriction-enzyme analysis of a total sample of 109 grebes was conducted. Estimates of nucleotide divergence ( dxy, da), nucleotide …

The Mink Potassium Channel Exists In Functional And Nonfunctional Forms When Expressed In The Plasma Membrane Of Xenopus Oocytes, Edward M. Blumenthal, Leonard K. Kaczmarek

Biological Sciences Faculty Research and Publications

The minK protein induces a slowly activating voltage-dependent potassium current when expressed in Xenopus oocytes. In order to measure the levels of minK protein in the plasma membrane, we have modified the minK gene by inserting a 9 amino acid epitope into the N- terminal domain of the protein sequence. When intact live oocytes are injected with the modified minK RNA and subsequently incubated with an antibody to this epitope, specific binding is detected, indicating that the N-terminal domain is extracellular. We found that when oocytes are injected with amounts of minK mRNA up to 50 ng, the levels of …

A New Model Species For Cultured Teleost Retinal Cell Studies: Light And Scanning Electron Microscopy, Lori Ann Steinfeldt

Undergraduate Honors Capstone Projects

Purpose: To examine retinal horizontal and bipolar cells cultured from goldfish (Carassius auratus), black crappie (Pomoxis nigromaculatus) and bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) on the light and electron microscope levels; and to compare them with cells from a more established model, the wild white bass (Roccus chrysops). Methods: Retinas from all species were dissociated by methods developed with wild white bass (Dowling et al., 1985). Cell type was identified within the first 3 hr and cells were cultured for up to 2 wk in L-15 medium. At various intervals, cells were fixed in glutaraldehyde, …

Study Of Circulating Antibodies To Heat-Shock Proteins 60 And 70 In Autistic Subjects, Fang-Yi Chiu

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Autism is a behavioral syndrome characterized by a severe impairment of reciprocal social relations, and of verbal and nonverbal communications. Many different etiologic factors such as viral infection and genetic predisposition have been proposed to explain the development of this disorder. Immune abnormalities, such as a decreased lymphoblastic response to T-cell mitogen, defective antibody responses to rubella vaccine, and decreased numbers of T lymphocytes, also have been identified in a subpopulation of patients with autism, which implies that the development of autism in some cases may be due to autoimmune mechanisms.

Recent evidence suggests that immune response to the heat-shock …

Summer Activity Cost Of Eared Grebes At Mono Lake, Hugh I. Ellis

Biology: Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Extracellular Matrix Proteins Of The Nurse Cell Capsule In Trichinella Spiralis Infections, Mary Louise Taylor

Dissertations and Theses

The infectious first-stage larvae of the nematode Trichinella spiralis is an intracellular parasite of altered skeletal muscle. Invasion of the muscle cell initiates a series of morphological changes in the host muscle cell which ultimately results in a specialized unit called the nurse cell. The completed nurse cell consists of a collagenous capsule, matrix of altered sarcoplasm, and a circulatory rete.

The purpose of this study was to determine the types of collagen present in the nurse cell capsule. Additionally, the presence of the glycoproteins, laminin and tenascin was determined. This study also sought to demonstrate the location of the …

Quantitative Dark-Field Mass Analysis Of Ultrathin Cryosections In The Field-Emission Scanning Transmission Electron Microscope, S. Brian Andrews, Roger A. Buchanan, Richard D. Leapman

Scanning Microscopy

The availability of a cryotransfer stage, highly efficient electron energy loss spectrometers, and ultrathin-window energy-dispersive x-ray spectrometers for the VG Microscopes HB501 field-emission scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) provides this instrument with the potential for high resolution biological microanalysis. Recent technical advances offer cryosections that are thin enough to take advantage of the analytical capabilities of this microscope. This paper first discusses the quantitative characterization of freeze-dried, ultrathin cryosections of directly frozen liver and brain by low-dose dark-field STEM imaging. Such images reveal high-quality sections with good structural detail, mainly due to reduced preparation artifacts and electron beam damage. These …

Relationships Between Avian Diversity And Vegetational Parameters In Forested Patches Of The Tualatin Mountains, Oregon, Jerry Sexton Fugate

Dissertations and Theses

The effect of contiguous forested habitat area on local avian diversity and species richness in the Tualatin Mountain area of northwestern Oregon was investigated. Observations of eight forested stands representing seven area values (1, 2, 7, 14, 18, 24 and 40 hectares) were made during the spring and summer of 1991 and 1992. The variables measured were chosen in an attempt to show possible relationships between vegetation factors, spatial patterns and bird communities. Kendall's rank correlation coefficients were used to analyze the data. Avian species richness and diversity were significantly correlated with forest stand (patch) size. The only significant correlation …

Evidence For The Eutrophication Of Selected Coastal Dunal Lakes: Historical Comparison Of Indices For Nutrient Enrichment, Steven Gregory Dagget

Dissertations and Theses

Three coastal Oregon dunal lakes, Mercer Lake, Munsel Lake, and Woahink Lake, were studied in an effort to determine if eutrophication has occurred since initial studies were conducted in 1938 and to determine each lake's current trophic status. Data collected in 1991 and 1992 for phytoplankton primary productivity; chlorophyll a; phytoplankton species, biovolumes, and densities; nutrients; optical characteristics; and dissolved oxygen were compared with historical data sets. Additional data for zooplankton, benthic invertebrates, and other relevant limnological data were used to more completely characterize each lake.

Phytoplankton primary productivity measurements indicate that biological productivity has increased at each lake …

Multivariate Statistical Analysis Applied To X-Ray Spectra And X-Ray Mapping Of Liver Cell Nuclei, Carmen Quintana, Noël Bonnet

Scanning Microscopy

Principal Components Analysis (PCA) and Factorial Analysis of Correspondence (FAC), two Multivariate Statistical Analyses (MSA), were applied to the analysis of X-ray data. MSA are descriptive methods which graphically display the correlations and anticorrelations between a large number of elements. Series of X-ray spectral data and X-ray maps obtained from rat liver were analyzed with reference to the diffusible elements Na, Mg, Cl, K and Ca and also P and S.

By using an in situ precipitation method, the pyroantimonate method, it was found that the free, precipitable cations Na⁺, Mg²⁺, and Ca²⁺ are, in …

Analysis Of High Quality Monatomic Chromium Films Used In Biological High Resolution Scanning Electron Microscopy, Robert P. Apkarian

Scanning Microscopy

During the recent employment of field emission (FE) in-lens scanning electron microscopes (SEMs), refractory metal deposition technology has co-evolved to provide enhanced contrast of 1-10 nm hydrocarbon based biological structures imaged at high magnifications (> 200,000 times). Pioneer development employing the Penning sputter system in a high vacuum chamber proved that imaging of chromium (Cr) coated biological specimens contained enriched secondary electron (SE)-(I) contrasts. Single nanometer size fibrillar and particulate ectodomains within the context of complex biological membranes were accurately imaged without significant enlargement using the high resolution SE-I mode (HRSEM). This paper reports the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) testing …

The Preparation Of Cultured Cells For X-Ray Microanalysis, Alice Warley

Scanning Microscopy

X-ray microanalysis of cells in culture is being used increasingly for the study of relationships between element (ion) content and cell function. There is, however, no one single method which can be used for the preparation of all different cell types for study by microanalysis. Cells in suspension are usually concentrated by centrifugation, before cryofixation, cryosectioning, and freeze drying. On the other hand cells grown as monolayers are more often studied as whole cell mounts, which are washed to remove the external medium before cryofixation and freeze drying. The alternative approach, sectioning of cell monolayers is rarely used. Some of …

Studies On The Role Of Cellular Factor, Yy1, In Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Late Gene Expression, Xuehui Liu

Dissertations and Theses

The herpes simplex virus 1 (HSVl) VP5 gene codes for the major viral capsid protein. Understanding of the mechanism of how the VP5 gene is regulated in host cells will help us to understand the molecular action of the HSV 1 life cycle and its interplay with the host cell gene expression machinery (transcription and translation). This may ultimately provide scientific bases for both better prevention and cure of HSV 1 caused diseases. Previous work from Dr. Robert L. Millette' s laboratory has indicated that a 164 base pair region of the VP5 promoter gene could activate the transcription of …

Scanning Electron Microscopic Examination Of The Putative Olfactory Structures Possessed By The Phorid Fly, Megaselia Halterata (Diptera, Phoridae), R. M. Pfeil, R. A. Walsh, R. O. Mumma

Scanning Microscopy

The antennae, palps, and mouth parts sheath of Megaselia halterata (Wood) (Diptera, Phoridae) were examined by scanning electron microscopy to locate putative olfactory sensilla (POS). Most POS were found on the third antenna! segment (Johnston's organ). These POS included a lanceolate peg, a bulbous peg, and two types of pit sensilla. Female flies could be distinguished from males by the predominance of the lanceolate peg on the female Johnston's organ. One type of pit sensillum with a single exterior opening was located below the cuticular surface and housed several pegs. The other type of pit sensillum was domed with a …

Morphological And Genetic Variation Among Three Populations Of The Endangered San Salvador Rock Iguana, Cyclura Rileyi Rileyi, Brent Goodge, David Brouhard, William Hayes, Danette Hayes

Capstone Research Projects

No abstract provided.

The Effects Of Water Deprivation And Conditioned Taste Aversion On A Cognitive Task In Laboratory Rats, Tisha L. Salary

Capstone Research Projects

No abstract provided.

Use Of Gene Probes To Aid In Recovery And Identification Of Functionally Dominant 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid-Degrading Populations In Soil, J. O. Ka, William E. Holben, James M. Tiedje

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

The herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) was applied to soils in microcosms, and degradation was monitored after each of five repeated additions. Total DNAs were isolated from soil bacterial communities after each 2,4-D treatment. The DNA samples were analyzed on slot blots and Southern blots by using a tfdA gene probe subcloned from plasmid pJP4 and a Spa probe derived from a different 2,4-D-degrading isolate, a Sphingomonas paucimobilis strain. 2,4-D applied to soil was quickly degraded by indigenous microbial populations. As determined by slot blot analyses of DNA from a Michigan soil, the increase in hybridization signal in response to 2,4-D …

Analysis Of Competition In Soil Among 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid-Degrading Bacteria, J. O. Ka, William E. Holben, James M. Tiedje

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Competition among indigenous and inoculated 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D)-degrading bacteria was studied in a native Kansas prairie soil following 2,4-D additions. The soil was inoculated with four different 2,4-D-degrading strains at densities of 10(3) cells per g of soil; the organisms used were Pseudomonas cepacia DBO1(pJP4) and three Michigan soil isolates, strain 745, Sphingomonas paucimobilis 1443, and Pseudomonas pickettii 712. Following 2,4-D additions, total soil DNA was extracted and analyzed on Southern blots by using a tfdA gene probe which detected three of the strains and another probe that detected the fourth strain, S. paucimobilis 1443, which belongs to a different …

Genetic And Phenotypic Diversity Of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid (2,4-D)-Degrading Bacteria Isolated From 2,4-D-Treated Field Soils, J. O. Ka, William E. Holben, James M. Tiedje

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Forty-seven numerically dominant 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D)-degrading bacteria were isolated at different times from 1989 through 1992 from eight agricultural plots (3.6 by 9.1 m) which were either not treated with 2,4-D or treated with 2,4-D at three different concentrations. Isolates were obtained from the most dilute positive most-probable-number tubes inoculated with soil samples from the different plots on seven sampling dates over the 3-year period. The isolates were compared by using fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) profiles, chromosomal patterns obtained by PCR amplification of repetitive extragenic palindromic (REP) sequences, and hybridization patterns obtained with probes for the tfd genes of …

Ceraclea Enodis, A New Species Of Sponge-Feeding Caddisfly (Trichoptera:Leptoceridae) Previously Misidentified, H Nicole Whitlock, John C. Morse

Publications

A new species of Trichoptera, Ceraclea (C.) enodis, of the Ceraclea (C.) senilis Group, was discovered in freshwater sponge in the Little River in Montgomery County, North Carolina. Illustrations and descriptions of the male, female, larva, pupa, and larval case are given. Adults resemble those C. cancellata (Betten), the mature larva looks like that of C. maculata (Banks), the younger larva may be confused with C. transverasa (Hagen), and the pupa has anal rods rather like those of C. spngillovorax (Resh); but all life history forms can be distinguished reliably from these species by consistent morphological characters and the sponge …

Predicting Evolutionary Consequences Of Greater Reproductive Effort In Tripsacum Dactyloides, A Perennial Grass, Laura L. Jackson, Chester L. Dewald

Faculty Work

To test the prediction that a mutation causing greater reproductive effort will result in reduced vegetative vigor, we compared the seed production, growth, and carbohydrate status of normal and pistillate genotypes of the grass Tripsacum dactyloides differing in seed production by up to fourfold. We evaluated the costs of reproduction by two methods: experimental manipulation of reproductive effort and comparison of high and low-yielding genotypes. Despite the large difference in seed production, normal and pistillate (high-yielding) genotypes did not differ in growth rate over a 1-yr period. Contrary to predictions, carbohydrate reserves in the high-yielding genotype were significantly higher at …

Molecular Analysis Of Ovary Specific Cdnas From Galleria Mellonella, Veeraramini S. Rajaratnam

Dissertations (1934 -)

To study the regulation of sex-specific gene expression during oogenesis, a vitellogenic ovariole cDNA library was constructed and differentially screened with ovary and male pharate pupal total cDNAs. Six classes of ovary specific clones were isolated. Clones, F11, F20 and N23 represent 1.1, 2.0 and 2.3 kb ovary specific transcripts. In situ hybridization and developmental Northern analysis showed that F11 and F20 transcripts are limited to vitellogenic follicle cells. N23 transcripts are present in the pre-vitellogenic and vitellogenic nurse cells, and they persist in choriogenic follicles and early embryos suggesting that N23 may represent a maternal message. The 0.95 kb …

The Microvasculature Of Human Infant Oral Mucosa Using Vascular Corrosion Casts And India Ink Injection Ii. Palate And Lip, Q. X. Yu, K. M. Pang, W. Ran, H. P. Philipsen, X. H. Chen

Scanning Microscopy

The microvasculature of human hard and soft palate and lip originating from four infant males and six females, aged 6 months to 2 years was studied by scanning electron microscopy of vascular corrosion casts and light microscopy of India ink injected specimens. The capillary loops of the hard palate mucosa and vermilion border of the lips were found to be tall, numerous and consisted of primary, secondary and tertiary loops. Those of the soft palatal and labial mucosa were short, few in number and demonstrated a simple hair-pin shape originating directly from the subpapillary vascular network. It was concluded that …

The Microvasculature Of The Larynx: A Scanning Electron Microscopic Study, Peter Franz, Seyedhossein Aharinejad

Scanning Microscopy

In ten adult guinea pigs, the microvascular architecture of the larynx was evaluated using microvascular corrosion casts and scanning electron microscopy. The vocal cords were provided with a subepithelial capillary network. The capillaries, freely anastomosing with each other, were supplied and drained via strongly undulating arteries and veins. The undulation of the latter vessels may explain their adaptability to volume changes of the larynx during phonation. The vasculature of the internal perichondrium of the thyroid cartilage was interrupted at the anterior commissure where an avascular zone was present at the origin of the vocal cords. This avascular area is common …