Digital Commons Network^™

The Surveillance And Control Of Foodborne Diseases, Donal J. Daly

Theses

There is great variation in the extent of surveillance of foodbome disease throughout the world. Some countries contribute important epidemiological and microbiological data to the WHO Surveillance Programme for Foodbome Diseases in Europe. While the UK is a major contributor to this programme, data from Eire has been non-existent. Trends in the incidence of foodbome disease in the UK may have particular relevance to Eire given the similarity of culture. Microbiological and epidemiological data in relation to foodbome pathogens, foods most frequently incriminated in outbreaks, places where outbreaks occur, together witli the main contributory factors are discussed. The broader area …

Availability And Use Of Food Resources By Two Species Of Automolus (Aves, Furnariidae), Grace Patricia Servat-Valenzuela

Theses

Foraging specialization is one mechanism that has been hypothesized to promote species coexistence and, thus, higher bird species diversity in tropical forests. Dead-leaves suspended in vegetation above the forest floor constitute a focal substrate that may promote specialization (Rosenberg 1990a, b). In a study locality in Amazonia, Remsen and Parker (1984) reported 16 species of birds closely associated with this system. Therefore, it represents a microcosm of high diversity in tropical forests. As such, one natural question is how this substrate can support so many coexisting species, and at what level does specialization occur? In the present study, I address …

Rna Determinants Of Junction Site Selection In Rna Virus Recombinants And Defective Interfering Rnas, K. Andrew White, Thomas Jack Morris

School of Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications

RNA recombination plays an important role in the diversification and evolution of RNA viruses. Most of these events are believed to be mediated by an actively copying viral replicase switching from a donor template to an acceptor template, where it resumes synthesis. In addition, Intramolecular replicase-mediated events (I.e., rearrangements) can lead to the generation of replicable deleted forms of a viral genome, termed defective interfering (DI) RNAs. To gain further insight into the recombination process, the effect of various primary and secondary structures on recombination site selection in vivo was examined using plant RNA tombusviruses. The effect of sequence Identity …

Purification, Characterization, And Submitochondrial Localization Of A 58-Kilodalton Nad(P)H Dehydrogenase, Michael H. Luethy, Jay J. Thelen, Andrew F. Knudten, Thomas Elthon

School of Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications

An NADH dehydrogenase activity from red beet (Beta vulgaris 1.) root mitochondria was purified to a 58-kD protein doublet. An immunologically related dehydrogenase was partially purified from maize (Zea mays L. 873) mitochondria to a 58-kD protein doublet, a 45-kD protein, and a few other less prevalent proteins. Polyclonal antibodies prepared against the 58-kD protein of red beet roots were found to immunoprecipitate the NAD(P)H dehydrogenase activity. The antibodies cross-reacted to similar proteins in mitochondria from a number of plant species but not to rat liver mitochondrial proteins. The polyclonal antibodies were used in conjunction with maize mitochondrial fractionation to …

Nitrous Oxide: Mechanism Of Its Antinociceptive Action, Raymond M. Quock, Linda K. Vaughn

Biological Sciences Faculty Research and Publications

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) is an anesthetic gas known to produce an analgesic effect at sub-anesthetic concentrations. This analgesic property of N₂O can be clinically exploited in a broad range of conditions where pain relief is indicated. The mechanism of this analgesic effect was long thought to be nonspecific in nature, but a landmark study by Berkowitz and others in 1976 first implicated an opioid mechanism of action, possibly via N₂O-stimulated neuronal release of endogenous opioid peptides to activate opioid receptors. N₂O-induced release of opioid peptide has been demonstrated in both in vivo …

Hyla Albopunctata, Rafael O. De Sá

Biology Faculty Publications

Hyla albopunctata is a medium-sized species in the albopunctata group, adults range in size from 42-52 mm SVL (males average 47 mm and females 49 mm). The head is triangular in outline, always longer than wide. The snout is moderately long and acuminate in dorsal view, whereas in lateral view, it is acuminate and protrudes beyond the mandible to form an angle of 45 degrees over the mandible. The canthus rostralis is rounded and distinct, the loreal region is slightly concave, and the internarial region is slightly convex. The eyes are large, approximately twice the diameter of the tympanum. The …

" Étude Épidémiologique Sur Paragonimus Sp. Dans Le Sud Cameroun" , G Ollivier, M Boussinesq, J J. Albaret, Neil Cumberlidge, J P. Chippaux, C Bassade-Dufour

Journal Articles

No abstract provided.

The Effects Of Partial Unweighting On Hemiplegic Gait, Natasha A. Creaser, Michael W. Jones

Masters Theses

This study investigated the effects of 30% body weight support on gait in two individuals with hemiplegia secondary to stroke. Two subjects with right hemiplegia were tested. Each completed four trials, two full weight bearing and two unweighted 30%, in random order. Each trial consisted of walking six meters on a treadmill at the subjects' self-selected speed. Temporal distance data were collected via Stride Analyzer footswitches. Subjects were also videotaped from the side during all trials. We expected velocity, cadence, stride length, uninvolved limb swing time, and involved limb stance time to increase with unweighting. Subjects 1's results agreed only …

Topography Of Anterior Lateral Line Nerve Branches In The Electrosensory And Mechanosensory Lateral Line Nuclei Of The Channel Catfish, Ictalurus Punctatus, Sanjay Singh

Master's Theses

No abstract provided.

Growth Rate As A Function Of Food Consumption In Hatchling Sceloporus Virgatus (Sauria: Iguanidae), Geoffrey R. Smith

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Pre-Instructional Student Conceptions Of Natural Selection And Evolution And Their Relationship To Cognitive Level, Terence John Coleman

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

The purpose of this study was to determine if there was a correlation between cognitive level and misconceptions regarding the concepts of natural selection and evolution in twenty-eight ninth grade students prior to instruction in tenth grade biology. In addition, the study examined the nature of student misconceptions. There were three major questions which guided the study: (a) What knowledge do ninth grade students possess regarding the concepts of natural selection and evolution prior to instruction in tenth grade? (b) What are the specific misconceptions that ninth grade students possess regarding the concepts of natural selection and evolution? (c) To …

The Effects Of Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether (Mtbe) On The Hexadecane Mineralization Potentials Of Microbial Consortia, Christopher Matthew Horan

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

The environmental fate and biological effects of the fuel oxygenate methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) is of concern because, among other factors, it is highly soluble (4.8g/100g H2 0) in water. Therefore, ground and surface water contamination may occur through accidental spills and leaks from underground storage tanks. Little is known about the biodegradability and ecotoxicity of MTBE. Continuous culture technique was used to enrich for MTBE degrading consortium or single species of microorganisms. Radiorespirometry was used to confirm that continuous culture enrichments would metabolize MTBE to carbon dioxide. Radiorespirometry was also used to measure the effects of MTBE on …

New Applications Of The Nuclear Microprobe For Biological Samples, Jan Pallon, Klas Malmqvist

Scanning Microscopy

The continuing development of the Nuclear Microprobe (NMP) has opened up new fields of applications in biology and medicine. Quantitative multielemental analysis in small sections of samples can be performed routinely. The use of techniques such as scanning transmission ion microscopy makes imaging as well as mass normalization possible at submicron resolution. Recent medical applications include studies on thin cryosections prepared from autopsies and biopsies, as well as single cells grown directly on the backing foil used in the NMP analyses. The purpose of the single cell analysis is often pharmacological, e.g., testing of new drugs, their uptake and distribution. …

Daughter Cells Of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae From Old Mothers Display A Reduced Life Span, Nicanor Austriaco, Brian K. Kennedy, Leonard Guarente

Biology Faculty Publications

The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae typically divides asymmetrically to give a large mother cell and a smaller daughter cell. As mother cells become old, they enlarge and produce daughter cells that are larger than daughters derived from young mother cells. We found that occasional daughter cells were indistinguishable in size from their mothers, giving rise to a symmetric division. The frequency of symmetric divisions became greater as mother cells aged and reached a maximum occurrence of 30% in mothers undergoing their last cell division. Symmetric divisions occurred similarly in rad9 and ste12 mutants. Strikingly, daughters from old mothers, whether they arose …

A Survey Of Source And Finished Water Supplies For Giardia Cysts And Cryptosporidium, Lisa Martin Sexton

Morehead State Theses and Dissertations

A thesis presented to the faculty of the College of Science and Technology at Morehead State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Biology by Lisa Martin Sexton on December 1, 1994.

Second Intermediate Host-Specificity Of Haematoloechus Complexus And Haematoloechus Medioplexus (Digenea: Haematoloechidae), Scott D. Snyder, John J. Janovy

Biology Faculty Publications

Second intermediate host-specificity was examined for two species of the frog lung fluke genus Haematoloechus. Nine species of freshwater arthropods were exposed to cercariae of H. complexus and H. medioplexus. Metacercariae of H. complexus developed in all arthropod species used. Metacercariae of H. medioplexus developed only in anisopteran odonate naiads. This difference in host utilization may have epizootiological implications. The potential development of H. complexus in a greater number of arthropods than H. medioplexus may increase the chances of ingestion of H. complexus by an anuran host. The range of arthropods parasitized by H. complexus indicates that host-specificity …

The Mayfly Newsletter, Peter M. Grant

The Mayfly Newsletter

The Mayfly Newsletter is the official newsletter of the Permanent Committee of the International Conferences on Ephemeroptera.

Effect Of Lead On Flexor Muscle Contraction And Photochemically-Induced Platelet Aggregation In Pial Microcirculation Of The Mouse, Amna Hamad Al Dhaheri

Theses

Lead is one of many heavy metal ions that can effectively compete for the binding sites of calcium, block the calcium channels and disturb the ion exchange. As a result, lead would be expected to affect the calcium-mediated cell functions. Muscle contraction and platelet aggregation are two important functions in which Ca²⁺ plays a major role and ultimately are affected by lead. Experiments were carried out to investigate the effect of lead on mouse flexor muscle contraction and on photochemically-induced platelet aggregation in pial microcirculation. A study of an acute exposure (1, 5, 10 and 25 µM) and a …

Estrogen Induced Eosinophil Migration Into The August Rat Uterus Is Associated With Intercellular Adhesion Molecule Expression, Daniel R. Orcutt

Masters Theses

Estrogen causes an influx of eosinophils into the uterus in female rats. The diapedesis of eosinophils out of the vasculature has also been observed in allergic reactions, parasitic infections, and atopic dermatitis, and has been associated with cellular adhesion molecules (CAMs). Antibody blocking studies against ICAM-1/ LFA-1 and VCAM-1/VLA-4 have suggested that both ligand/receptor sets of CAMs are involved in the selective recruitment of eosinophils out of the vasculature. ICAM- 1 is expressed on the vascular endothelium and decreases in expression when IL-4 is introduced. VLA-4 is present on eosinophils and is suspected to allow selective migration of eosinophils out …

The Religious Dimensions Of The Biological Narrative, Ursula W. Goodenough

Biology Faculty Research

A cell/molecular biologist challenges the thesis that science and religion are two ways of experiencing and interpreting the world and explores instead the possible ways that the modern biological worldview might serve as a resource for religious perspectives. Three concepts—meaning, valuation, and purpose—are argued to be central to the entire biological enterprise, and the continuation of this enterprise is regarded as a sacred religious trust.

This article was originally delivered at the Templeton Symposium,„Science and Religion: Two Ways of Experiencing and Interpreting the World”organized by Zygon: Journal of Religion and Science and the Chicago Center for Religion and Science, 31 …

Formation And Structure Of Dentine In The Rat Incisor After Chronic Exposure To Sodium Fluoride, J. Appleton

Scanning Microscopy

Weanling rats were chronically exposed to sodium fluoride by feeding them for eight weeks with a standard powdered diet incorporating sodium fluoride at 0.025% , 0.05% and 0.1% by weight. After eight weeks blood was removed by cardiac puncture and the levels of plasma calcium and phosphate determined. The incisor teeth were removed and their structure examined in the scanning electron microscope (SEM) using backscattered electron imaging to determine the relative concentration and distribution of the mineral phase in the dentine. There was no significant alteration to the normal serum calcium and phosphate levels. Small scattered interglobular spaces were seen …

Cryo-Jet Preservation Of Calcium In The Rat Spinal Cord, William B. Greene, Lyle G. Walsh

Scanning Microscopy

In order to determine the distribution of diffusible ions, especially calcium, in rat spinal cord axons before and after trauma, sham, 6 hours post 6 gm/cm and 20 gm/cm trauma cords were cryo-jet frozen in situ and cryo-sections were subjected to electron probe X-ray microanalysis. The results confirm part of the Ca hypothesis, i.e., some spinal cord axons accumulate intracellular Ca after traumatic injury. In addition, 6 hours after trauma, Ca is only accumulated by axons that have also lost homeostasis. Thus, it is likely that observations of the continual rise of Ca in the traumatized spinal cord are due …

Morphologic Changes Of Apoptosis Induced In Human Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia "Blast" Cells By Sc41661a (Searle), A Selective Inhibitor Of 5-Lipoxygenase, K. M. Anderson, T. M. Seed, J. Peng, A. Jajeh, J. Meng, J. E. Harris

Scanning Microscopy

Several inhibitors of the arachidonic acid-metabolizing enzyme, 5-lipoxygenase reduce proliferation of hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cells and cell lines and some cells undergo limited differentiation. Cells were cultured from patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia in "blast" crisis with the selective inhibitor of 5-lipoxygenase,SC41661A[3-{3,5-bis(1,1-dimethyl)-4-hydroxyphenyl}hiol]-N-methyl-N-[2-(2-phridinyl-propanamide)]. Cells cultured for 3 to 5 days with 40 μM SC41661A exhibited reduced cellular numbers along with ultrastructural changes and DNA laddering characteristic of apoptosis. Similar culture conditions reduced proliferation of U937 monoblastoid cells. In U937 cells, the ultrastructural features of apoptosis were not observed at 72 hours, when DNA laddering was present and cell numbers were reduced, …

Functional Consequences Of Compartmentalization Of Synaptic Input, Melissa J. Coleman, Michael P. Nusbaum

WM Keck Science Faculty Papers

Intra-axonal recordings of stomatogastric nerve axon 1 (SNAX1) indicate that there are synaptic inputs onto the SNAX1 terminals in the stomatogastric ganglion (STG) of the crab Cancer borealis (Nusbaum et al., 1992b). To determine whether this synaptic input only influenced SNAX1 activity within the STG, we identified the SNAX1 soma in the commissural ganglion (CoG). We found that this neuron has a neuropilar arborization in the CoG and also receives synaptic inputs in this ganglion. Based on its soma location, we have renamed this neuron modulatory commissural neuron 1 (MCN1). While intracellular stimulation of MCN1soma and MCN1SNAX has the same …

Shark Bay World Heritage Area Draft Management Plan For Fish Resources, Fisheries Department Of Western Australia

Fisheries Management Papers

Shark Bay was inscribed on the World Heritage List in December 1991 on the basis of its natural values. The Department of Conservation and Land Management (CALM) is the management agency with responsibility for the oversight and development of management plans dealing with both the marine and terrestrial aspects of the World Heritage Area. This Draft plan deals with the management of fish resources in the Shark Bay World Heritage Area which are the responsibility of the Fisheries Department of Western Australia.

Distribution Of Sodium, Magnesium, Chlorine, Calcium, Potassium, Phosphorus And Sulphur In Z-, I- And A-Bands In Mammalian Striated Muscle, Romuald Wróblewski, Lars Edström

Scanning Microscopy

The regularity of the striation of skeletal muscle offers a unique possibility to analyze different bands of the sarcomere in longitudinally cut semithin cryosections. The aim of the present study was to investigate the elemental content of the Z-, I- and A-bands within the sarcomere which may be related to the affinity of an element to different contractile elements and the water content in different bands. The highest potassium levels were found in the Z-band {802 mmol/kg dry weight (d.w.)} as compared to the I-band (697 mmol/kg d.w.) and the A-band (731 mmol/kg d.w.). The difference between A-band and Z-band, …

Effects Of Modulated Microwave And X-Ray Irradiation On The Activity And Distribution Of Ca2+-Atpase In Small Intestine Epithelial Cells, Z. Somosy, G. Thuróczy, G. J. Köteles, J. Kovács

Scanning Microscopy

The distribution and activity of Ca²⁺-ATPase were investigated by histochemical methods in small intestine epithelial cells of mice following total body 2450 MHz low frequency (16 Hz) microwave and X-ray irradiation. In the control animals, enzyme activities were found in the brush border and on lateral membranes, including junctional areas of the cells. The enzyme activity of lateral membranes was inhibited by quercetin, a specific inhibitor of Ca²⁺-ATPase.

Immediately after square modulated (16 Hz) 2450 MHz microwave irradiation at 1 mW/cm² power densities, we observed a decreased activity of Ca²⁺-ATPase on the lateral …

Investigation Of Touch-Sensitive Responses By Hyphae Of The Human Pathogenic Fungus Candida Albicans, N. A. R. Gow, T. H. S. Perera, J. Sherwood-Higham, G. W. Gooday, D. W. Gregory, D. Marshall

Scanning Microscopy

Candida albicans is a fungus that commonly infects the mucosal surface of humans. The hyphal growth form of this fungus may initiate the primary invasion of the host. Here we show that hyphae respond thigmotropically and morphologically to cues such as the presence of a surface, pores, grooves and ridges. Growth on some firm surfaces elicits a helical growth response. Hyphae follow grooves and ridges of inert substrates and penetrate pores of filtration membranes. Our in vitro experiments suggest that thigmotropism may enhance the ability of a hypha to invade epithelia of a host at sites of weakened integrity.

Neuropeptide Degradation Produces Functional Inactivation In The Crustacean Nervous System, Melissa J. Coleman, P. H. Konstant, B. S. Rothman, Michael P. Nusbaum

WM Keck Science Faculty Papers

The pentapeptide proctolin (Proct.; Arg-Tyr-Leu-Pro-Thr) is a modulatory transmitter found throughout the crustacean nervous system. No information is available in this system, however, as to how the actions of this peptide are terminated. To study this issue in the crab Cancer borealis, we incubated exogenous proctolin (10(-5) M) with either the thoracic ganglion (TG) or with conditioned saline (CS) that had been preincubated with the TG. We removed aliquots at standard time points for analysis by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). We found that over time the proctolin peak became progressively smaller, while three novel peaks appeared and increased in …

Rock Lobster Industry Advisory Commitee Chairman's Report, October 1994 - The Western Rock Lobster Fishery - Management Proposals For The 1994/95 And 1995/96 Seasons, Rock Lobster Industry Advisory Committee, Peter Rogers

Fisheries Management Papers

The failures of past restrictions on fishing effort to fully halt the decline of the breeding stock led to the formation of a sub-committee of the Rock Lobster Industry Advisory Committee. The prime objective of the sub-committee is to evaluate effective long term strategies for managing the fishery so that breeding stock is maintained at an adequate level despite the inevitable increases in catching efficiency. The purpose of this report is firstly to advise industry of the management proposals for the 1994/95 seasons and secondly to form a basis for industry consultation on management arrangements for the 1995/96 season.