Digital Commons Network^™

Effect Of Sodium Saccharin On The Neonatal Rat Bladder, Samuel M. Cohen, Martin Cano, Margaret K. St. John, Emily M. Garland, Mohamad Khachab, Leon B. Ellwein

Scanning Microscopy

In a two-generation bioassay, high doses of dietary sodium saccharin (NaSac) produce bladder carcinoma in rats, whereas acid saccharin (HSac) does not effect the urothelium. NaSac and HSac administered as 5% of the diet to F0 Sprague-Dawley (SD) and F344 rats, continued through to the weaned male rats for ten additional weeks. Control 3H-thymidine labeling index (LI) was high prior to and at birth (approximately 11%), declining rapidly by weaning (to < 0.2). Neither NaSac nor HSac increased proliferation through 7 days of age. NaSac increased the proliferation rate at later times, whereas HSac did not. The LI decreased to control levels in NaSac-fed rats switched to control diet after weaning and increased in control-fed rats switched to NaSac after birth or weaning. In a second experiment, 5% NaSac did not affect urothelial morphology of SD rats through 7 days. By 21 days post-birth, urothelial hyperplasia occurred in NaSac-fed rat. The LI in treated versus control was similar through gestation, with a slight difference by 7 days. LI was significantly different by 21 days post-birth, but was similar between males and females. These results provide additional evidence for the increased cell proliferative effects of NaSac during the neonatal period, but not during gestation.

Etiology Of Calcium Oxalate Nephrolithiasis In Rats. I. Can This Be A Model For Human Stone Formation?, W. C. De Bruijn, E. R. Boevé, P. R. W. A. Van Run, P. P. M. C. Van Miert, R. De Water, J. C. Romijn, C. F. Verkoelen, L. C. Cao, F. H. Schröder

Scanning Microscopy

Crystal retention is studied in a rat-model system as a possible mechanism for the etiology of human nephrolithiasis. A crystal-inducing diet (CID) of ethylene glycol plus NH₄Cl in their drinking-water is offered to healthy rats to generate intratubular crystals. Subsequently, the fate of retained crystals is investigated by allowing the rats a tissue recovery/crystalluria phase for three, five and ten days, respectively, on normal drinking water.

The process of exotubulosis is observed in cortex and medulla of aldehyde-fixed kidneys after three days recovery. After five days, crystals are predominantly seen there in the interstitium. After ten days, cortex …

Etiology Of Calcium Oxalate Nephrolithiasis In Rats. Ii. The Role Of The Papilla In Stone Formation, W. C. De Bruijn, E. R. Boevé, P. R. W. A. Van Run, P. P. M. C. Van Miert, R. De Water, J. C. Romijn, C. F. Verkoelen, L. C. Cao, J. M. Van 'T Noordende, F. H. Schröder

Scanning Microscopy

In kidneys of healthy rats submitted to a crystal-inducing diet (CID) with ethylene glycol (EG) and NH₄Cl, the fate of retained crystals in the papillar region is studied during a recovery period of one, five or ten days, as model system for human nephrolithiasis. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) shows, at papillary tips bulging into the calycine space, crystal masses covered either by the epithelium or a thin fibrous veil, or by unidentified mobile cuboidal cells. After CID plus one or five days recovery, small sub-epithelial swellings are seen of large sub-epithelial crystals at or around the papillary tip. …

Dynamical Disease: Identification, Temporal Aspects And Treatment Strategies For Human Illness, Jacques Bélair, Leon Glass, Uwe An Der Heiden, John Milton

WM Keck Science Faculty Papers

Dynamical diseases are characterized by sudden changes in the qualitative dynamics of physiological processes, leading to abnormal dynamics and disease. Thus, there is a natural matching between the mathematical field of nonlinear dynamics and medicine. This paper summarizes advances in the study of dynamical disease with emphasis on a NATO Advanced Research Workshop held in Mont Tremblant, Quebec, Canada in February 1994. We describe the international effort currently underway to identify dynamical diseases and to study these diseases from a perspective of nonlinear dynamics. Linear and nonlinear time series analysis combined with analysis of bifurcations in dynamics are being used …

Draft Report Of The South Coast Estuarine Fishery Working Group, South Coast Estuarine Fishery Workng Group

Fisheries Management Papers

The South Coast Estuarine Working Group was established in 1991 at the request of commercial fishermen by the Minister of the day. This report outlines a draft management plan for the South Coast Estuarine fishery that was made available for public comment.

Review Of "Correspondence: Karl Ernst Von Baer [1792-1876] And Anton Dohrn [1840-1909]" By C. Groeben And J. Oppenheimer, Scott F. Gilbert

Biology Faculty Works

No abstract provided.

Notes On The Microstructure Of The Nautilus Shell, P. R. Mitchell, P. P. Phakey

Scanning Microscopy

The shell of the Nautilus was examined using scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and polarized light microscopy. The structure consisted of two major layers: a porcellaneous outer layer and a nacreous inner layer. Most of the porcellaneous layer was composed of granular crystals randomly distributed with a substructure suggestive of bundles of acicular crystallites. A separate prismatic sublayer of the porcellaneous material was composed of a more regular arrangement of crystals. The nacre was composed of alternating crystalline lamellae and films of organic material. The lamellae were formed of many polygonal crystal platelets. The growth surface of the nacre …

Controlling Influence Of Phosphocitrate In Vitro And In Vivo On Calcium Oxalate Crystal Formation And Growth, John D. Sallis, Nathan F. G. Parry, John D. Meehan, Harold Kamperman, Maree E. Anderson

Scanning Microscopy

Calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystallization in the presence of phosphocitrate (PC) was studied by both in vitro and in vivo techniques. Crystals of the monohydrate (COM) and the dihydrate (COD) forms were generated under controlled conditions in a silica gel matrix. Our data indicated only COD crystals formed when PC was present, inferring that the COD to COM transformation was being impeded. COD crystals were smaller in size than controls and there was evidence of interpenetral twinning. An in vivo study using a rat bladder implant model noted similar findings. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that implants recovered from PC treated …

Community Metabolism And Nutrient Cycling In The Mississippi River Plume: Evidence For Intense Nitrification At Intermediate Salinities, Joseph D. Pakulski, Ronald Benner, Rainer Amon, Brian Eadie, Terry Whitledge

Faculty Publications

Community respiration, net nutrient fluxes and heterotrophic bacterial production were investigated in the Mississippi River (USA) plume during May 1992 using dark bottle incubations of unfiltered water. Highest rates of community O₂ consumption and dissolved inorganic carbon regeneration were observed at intermediate (10 to 27%₀) plume salinities. Plume surface 0₂ consumption rates were 2- to 4-fold greater than rates reported previously during the summer and winter. Heterotrophic bacterial production ([³H]-leucine incorporation) was also highest at intermediate salinities and 2- to 4-fold greater than rates reported from other seasons. Net regeneration of NH₄^{+ …}

Reply To Nylin, Wickman & Wiklund Regarding Sex Ratios Of California Overwintering Monarch Butterflies, Dennis F. Frey, Kingston L. H. Leong

Biological Sciences

No abstract provided.

Phylogenetic Reanalysis Of Strauch's Osteological Data Set For The Charadriiformes, Philip C. Chu

Biology Faculty Publications

Strauch's (1978) compatibility analysis of relationships among the shorebirds (Charadriiformes) was the first study to examine the full range of charadriiform taxa in a reproducible way. Subsequently Mickevich and Parenti (1980) leveled serious charges against Strauch's characters, method of phylogenetic inference, and results. To account for these charges, Strauch's characters were re-examined and recoded, and parsimony analyses were performed on the revised matrix. A parsimony analysis on 74 taxa from the revised matrix yielded 855 shortest trees, each length = 286 and consistency index = 0.385. In each shortest tree there were two major lineages, a lineage of sandpiper-like birds …

Implications Of Native Title Legislation For Fisheries Management And The Fishing Industry In Western Australia, Patricia Summerfield

Fisheries Management Papers

This paper seeks to examine the key issues of both State and Commonwealth native title legislation for the fishing industry and fisheries management in Western Australia. Considerations for Aboriginal involvement in the industry and long-standing as well as recent concessionary arrangements for traditional usage of fish resources are examined. Industry reactions and future plans to accommodate native title in a positive framework are explored.

Revascularization Of An Excisional Wound In Gingiva And Oral Mucosa. A Scanning Electron Microscopic Study Using Corrosion Casts In Rats, Nils J. Selliseth, Knut A. Selvig

Scanning Microscopy

The purpose of this study was to examine microvascular regeneration associated with gingival wound healing. A full-thickness piece of gingiva and oral mucosa was excised along the palatal aspect of the right maxillary first and second molars in 20 young Wistar rats. The contralateral side served as unoperated control. After 2, 4, 7, 10 or 20 days of healing, microvascular corrosion casts were produced and examined by scanning electron microscopy. At 2 days, vessels surrounding the wound were dilated and impressions representing sites of leukocyte margination were prominent in the walls of venules. Capillary buds were emerging from venules and …

Scanning Electron Microscopy And Transmission Electron Microscopy Aspects Of Synergistic Antitumor Activity Of Vitamin C - Vitamin K3 Combinations Against Human Prostatic Carcinoma Cells, Jacques Gilloteaux, James M. Jamison, Meenaxi Venugopal, David Giammar, Jack L. Summers

Scanning Microscopy

A MTT/formazan assay was used to evaluate the antitumor activity of vitamin C (Vit C), vitamin K₃ (Vit K₃), or vitamin C:vitamin K₃ combinations against a human prostatic carcinoma cell line (DU145). Both Vit C and Vit K₃ alone exhibited antitumor activity, but only at elevated doses. When Vit C and Vit K3 were combined at a C:K₃ ratio of 100:1 and administered to the carcinoma cells, the 50% cytotoxic concentrations (CD50) of the vitamins decreased 10-to 60-fold. Subsequently, the DU145 cells were examined with transmission and scanning electron microscopy (TEM and SEM) following …

Experimental Calcium Oxalate Nephrolithiasis And The Formation Of Human Urinary Stones, Saeed R. Khan

Scanning Microscopy

Calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis in rats requires induction of hyperoxaluria which results in increased urinary calcium oxalate supersaturation. As a result of low to mild chronic hyperoxaluria, calcium oxalate crystals deposit first in the papillary collecting ducts. Crystal deposition in the kidneys is preceded by calcium oxalate crystalluria and starts with the retention of aggregated calcium oxalate crystals in the renal tubules. Retained crystals move from the tubules to the interstitium, and in the process, become anchored to the tubular basement membrane. Crystal aggregates present in the superficial peripheral collecting ducts of the renal papillae ulcerate through to the papillary surface …

Enhancers Of Gzp1, A Gene Required For Cell-Signaling In Caenorhabditis Elegans, Define A Set Of Genes Required For Germline Development, Li Qiao, James L. Lissemore, Pei Shu, Anne Smardon, Melanie B. Gelber, Eleanor M. Maine

Biology - All Scholarship

The distal tip cell (DTC) regulates the proliferation or differentiation choice in the Cmorhabditis ekgans germline by an inductive mechanism. Cell signaling requires a putative receptor in the germline, encoded by the glp-1 gene, and a putative signal from the DTC, encoded by the lag-2 gene. Both glp-1 and lag-2 belong to multigene gene families whose members are essential for cell signaling during development of various tissues in insects and vertebrates as well as C. elegans. Relatively little is known about how these pathways regulate cell fate choice. To identify additional genes involved in the glp-1 signaling pathway, we carried …

Analysis Of The Multiple Roles Of Gld-I In Germline Development: Interactions With The Sex Determination Cascade And The Glp-1 Signaling Pathway, Ross Francis, Eleanor M. Maine, Tim Schedl

Biology - All Scholarship

The Caenorhabditis elegansgene gld-1 is essential for oocyte development; in gld-1 (null) hermaphrodites, a tumor forms where oogenesis would normally occur. We use genetic epistasis analysis to demonstrate that tumor formation is dependent on the sexual fate of the germline. When the germlines sex determination pathway is set in the female mode (terminal fem/fog genes inactive), gld-1 (null) germ cells exit meiotic prophase and proliferate to form a tumor, but when the pathway is set in the male mode, they develop into sperm. We conclude that the gld-1 (null) phenotype is cell-type specific and that gld-1 ( + ) acts …

The Effects Of Swimming Vs Running On Weight Loss In Small Mammals, David Ekkens, James Callan

Capstone Research Projects

No abstract provided.

Association Of Mouse Fibrinogen-Like Protein With Murine Hepatitis Virus-Induced Prothrombinase Activity, Rebecca D. Parr, Laisum Fung, Jeffrey Reneker, Nancy Myers-Mason, Julian L. Leibowitz, Gary Levy

Faculty Publications

Previously, we demonstrated induction of a unique macrophage prothrombinase during infection of BALB/cJ mice by mouse hepatitis virus strain 3 (MHV-3). By immunologic screening, a clone representing this prothrombinase was isolated from a cDNA library and sequenced. The sequence identified this clone as representing part of a gene, musfiblp, that encodes a fibrinogen-like protein. Six additional clones were isolated, and one clone, p11-3-1, encompassed the entire coding region of musfiblp. Murine macrophages did not constitutively express musfiblp but, when infected with MHV-3, synthesized musfiblp-specific mRNA. musfiblp mRNA induction was earlier and significantly greater in BALB/cJ than A/J …

Induction Of Larval Settlement By Kcl In Three Species Of Bugula (Bryozoa), Dean E. Wendt, Robert M. Woollacott

Biological Sciences

Elevation of the K⁺ concentration in seawater (added as KCl) induces larval settlement and metamorphosis in Bugula simplex, B. stolonifera, and B. turrita. All three of these bryozoan species have similar bell-shaped dose-response curves: 5 mM excess K⁺ is sufficient to increase settlement and metamorphosis significantly over seawater controls in all the species and optimal responses to excess K concentrations occur ations at 10-25 mM, 5-10 mM, and 10-15 mM for B. simplex, B. stolonifera, and B. turrita, respectively. Percent settlement in all three species is decreased at levels greater than 25 mniM excess …

Geographic And Nongeographic Variation In The Genus Microtus (Mammalia: Rodentia) In West Virginia, Tina M. Savage

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Geographic and nongeographic variation was assessed on 12 cranial and 4 external characters in approximately 400 specimens of Microtus (M. ochrogaster, M. chrotorrhinus, M. pinetorum, M. pennsylvanicus) in West Virginia. Univariate and multivariate statistical analyses were used to examine age-related variation, sexual dimorphism, elevation and geographic variation and litter size for each species of Microtus in the state. Cranial characters were more beneficial than external in detecting variation. Examination of data for each species of Microtus studied demonstrated that values and trends in variation is a specific rather than a generic trait. Age-related variation was present in some, …

Reproductive Energetics Of Adult Male Yellow- Bellied Marmots (Marmota Flaviventris), Carmen M. Salsbury, K. B. Armitage

Scholarship and Professional Work - LAS

We examined the energy expenditure of adult male yellow-bellied marmots and its relationship to various female-defense characteristics critical to male reproductive success. Resting metabolic rates of males were estimated in the laboratory via oxygen-consumption analysis, and field metabolic rates were estimated using a doubly Labeled water technique. Male home-range size, number of females defended by males, dispersion of females in the habitat, and date into the active season were considered to be predictors of male energy expenditure in excess of maintenance costs (field metabolic rate minus resting metabolic rate). Energy expenditure was best explained by a defensibility index based on …

Ca2+ And Zn2+ Are Transported By The Electrogenic 2na+/1h+ Antiporter In Echinoderm Gastrointestinal Epithelium, Zhenpeng Zhuang, Jeff Duerr, Gregory A. Ahearn

Faculty Publications - Department of Biological & Molecular Science

45Ca2+ uptake by purified brush-border membrane vesicles of starfish (Pycnopodia helianthoides) pyloric ceca was stimulated by an outwardly directed H+ gradient and this stimulation was enhanced by the simultaneous presence of an induced membrane potential (inside negative; K+/valinomycin). External amiloride (competitive inhibitor; Ki=660mmol l21) and a monoclonal antibody raised against proteins associated with the lobster (Homarus americanus) electrogenic 2Na+/1H+ antiporter both inhibited approximately half of the proton-gradient stimulated 45Ca2+ uptake. These results suggested that Ca2+ might be transported by the electrogenic antiporter and that the crustacean antibody was inhibitory to the exchange function in echinoderms, as was recently shown in …

The Vascular Flora, Rare Species And Plant Migrations Of New River Gorge National River, West Virginia, Dale William Suiter

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

In 1978, the United States Congress designated 83.5 km/53 mi. of the New River in southern West Virginia as New River Gorge National River. The vascular flora of selected sites in NRGNR was surveyed from September 1992 through October 1994. A total of 904 taxa of vascular plants was recorded, 79.2% of which are native to West Virginia. Currently, 1337 vascular plant taxa have been documented from the New River Gorge as a result of this work as well as the work of Grafton and McGraw and Phillips. A comparison of species with the West Virginia Natural Heritage Program's rare …

Effects Of Afterripening On Cheatgrass (Bromus Tectorum) And Squirreltail (Elymus Elymoides) Germination, Julie Beckstead, Susan E. Meyer, Phil Stewart Allen

Biology Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Defining The Recognition Of K^(Bm3) And L^D By The Alloreactive 2c T Cell, Kevin Ratliff '95

Honors Projects

The immune system consists (in part) of cells and their products that protect the body from attack by infectious agents. Without this vital system, the body would soon succumb to one or more of these death-causing agents. Fortunately, the immune system eliminates many of these infectious agents before there is any sign of infection. One of the most important groups of cells in this system are the T lymphocytes, or T cells. A specific subset of T cells called cytotoxic T lymphocytes, or CTLs, are responsible for surveying the cell surfaces for foreign substances. Upon recognition of one of these …

Comparison Of The Effects Of Saporin-Igg Injections Into The Nucleus Basalis Magnocellularis And Medial Septal Area Of Male Rat As Assessed By The Morris Water Maze Task, Alexander R. V. Mccampbell '95

Honors Projects

Alzheimer's disease currently afflicts approximately 4 million people in the United States, with 100,000 new cases being reported each year. As post mortem examination of AD patientsI brains has revealed a significant decrease in the number of cholinergic neurons, one approach we have taken is to look at the correlation between the depletion of certain cholinergic markers in animals and the resulting behavioral deficits. Two regions of specific interest are the medial septal area (MSA) and the nucleus basalis magnocellularis (NBM). These regions are important because they are the major source of cholinergic neurons in the brain, they are selectively …

Measurement Of Fungal Biomass In Wooden Art Objects Using Atp Photometry And Energy Charge, Fernando Nieto

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

In this study ATP photometry and energy charge (EC) measurements were used to detect and quantify fungal biomass in wood. Three species of wood decaying fungi were used: Phanerochaete chrysosporium (white rot), Poria placenta (brown rot), and Chaetomnium globosum (soft rot). The fungi were grown in malt extract broth (MEB) for one month at 25 °C, and sampled at selected intervals to measure the ATP content and the EC of the mycelium. The mycelia were ground and extracted with cold 5% trichloroacetic acid (TCA) for 20 hours. The conversion factors calculated were based upon the EC of the mycelium. When …

Effect Of Feathers As Nest Insulation On Incubation Behavior And Reproductive Performance Of Tree Swallows (Tachycineta Bicolor), Michael P. Lombardo, Ruth M. Bosman, Christine A. Faro, Stephen G. Houtteman, Timothy S. Kluisza

Peer Reviewed Publications

Many species of birds line their nests with feathers, presumably because of the insulative qualities of feathers and because feathers may act as a barrier between nest parasites and nestlings. In 1993, we experimentally examined the role of feathers as nest insulation on the incubation behavior, nestling growth, and reproductive performance of Tree Swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) nesting in boxes in western Michigan. There were no significant differences between the incubation rhythms of females with experimental nests (i.e. no feathers) and females with control nests (i.e. with feathers). Nestlings that were reared in control nests had significantly longer right …

Within-Pair Copulations: Are Female Tree Swallows Feathering Their Own Nests?, Michael P. Lombardo

Peer Reviewed Publications

A variety of hypotheses has been proposed to explain why socially monogamous birds copulate repeatedly with their mates when only a single copulation is necessary to fertilize an entire clutch (Birkhead and Møller 1992, Petrie 1992, Hunter et al. 1993). Petrie (1992) hypothesized that a female should copulate frequently with her mate so as to reduce her mate’s involvement in extrapair copulations. By reducing her mate’s involvement in extrapair copulations, a female may: (1) avoid the transmission of parasites and sexually transmitted diseases (Hamilton 1990); (2) may avoid sperm depletion by her mate; and (3) may monopolize her mate’s paternal …