Operations Research, Systems Engineering and Industrial Engineering Commons^™

The Effects Of Bleedarrest, Celox, And Traumadex On Hemorrhage Control In A Porcine Model, Brian Gegel, James Burgert, Brian Cooley, Jacob Macgregor, Jules Myers, Sean Calder, Ralph Luellen, Michael Loughren, Don Johnson

United States Army: Publications

Background

Hemorrhage is the second leading cause of death in civilian trauma and the leading cause of preventable death in military trauma. The purpose
of this study was to examine the effectiveness of three hemostatic agents: BleedArrest, TraumaDex, and Celox.

Materials and Methods

This was a prospective, experimental study using male Yorkshire swine. The pigs (n = 5 per group) were randomly assigned to one of the following: BleedArrest, TraumaDex, Celox, or control. To simulate a trauma injury, the investigators generated a complex groin injury with transection of the femoral artery and vein in all pigs. After 1 min of …

Effects Of The Heet Garment In The Prevention Of Hypothermia In A Porcine Model, Don Johnson, Brian Gegel, James Burgert, Geoffrey W, Duncklee, Ricci R. Robinson, Eric J. Lewis, Paul M. Crum, William Kuhns, Daniel Moore, Scott O'Brien, Joel Elliott, Jason Washington, John Boyle, Dale Seigler

United States Army: Publications

Background

Hypothermia is a common battlefield trauma occurrence. This study compared the effectiveness of the hypothermia, environmental, exposure, and trauma (HEET) garment (Trident Industries, Beaufort, SC) with and without thermal inserts with a control group of two wool blankets in the prevention of hypothermia in a treated hypovolemic porcine model.

Materials and methods

Five female swine (Sus scrofa-Yorkshire cross) were assigned to each of three
groups: HEET with thermal inserts (n=5); HEET without thermal inserts (n=5); or control (n=5). After the animals were anesthetized and stabilized for 30min, the swine were hemorrhaged to a mean arterial pressure (MAP) of 30mm …

Morphology Control Of Tungsten Nanorods Grown By Glancing Angle Rf Magnetron Sputtering Under Variable Argon Pressure And Flow Rate, Khedir R. Khedir, Ganesh K. Kannarpady, Hidetaka Ishihara, Justin Woo, Charles Ryerson, Alexandru S. Biris

United States Army: Publications

Morphologically novel tungsten nanorods (WNRs) with the co-existence of two crystalline phases, α-W (thermodynamically stable) and β-W, were fabricated by glancing angle RF magnetron sputtering technique under various Ar pressures and flow rates. For these nanorods, a significant variation in their morphology and surface roughness was observed. These structures could be useful in a wide range of applications such as field emission, robust superhydrophobic coatings, energy, and medicine.

Inflammatory Effects Of Inhaled Sulfur Mustard In Rat Lung, Rama Malaviya, Vasanthi R. Sunil, Jessica Cervelli, Dana R. Anderson, Wesley W. Holmes, Michele L. Conti, Ronald E. Gordon, Jeffrey D. Laskin, Debra L. Laskin

United States Army: Publications

Inhalation of sulfur mustard (SM), a bifunctional alkylating agent that causes severe lung damage, is a significant threat to both military and civilian populations. The mechanisms mediating its cytotoxic effects are unknown and were investigated in the present studies. Male rats Crl:CD(SD) were anesthetized, and then intratracheally intubated and exposed to 0.7–1.4 mg/kg SM by vapor inhalation. Animals were euthanized 6, 24, 48 h or 7 days post-exposure and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BAL) and lung tissue collected. Exposure of rats to SM resulted in rapid pulmonary toxicity, including focal ulceration and detachment of the trachea and bronchial epithelia from underlying …

Inhibition Of Hiv-1 Infection Of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells By A Monoclonal Antibody That Binds To Phosphoinositides And Induces Secretion Of Β-Chemokines, Gary R. Matyas, Lindsay Wieczorek, Divya Bensal, Agnes-Laurence Chenine, Eric Saunders-Buell, Sodsai Tovanabutra, Jerome H. Kim, Victoria Polonis, Carl R. Alving

United States Army: Publications

A murine IgG mAb, WR321, selected for the ability to bind to phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate and phosphatidylinositol-4, 5-bisphosphate, but an inability to bind to any of 17 other lipids, including phosphatidylinositol, was examined as a probe for studying interactions of HIV-1 with primary human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The WR321 mAb broadly neutralized CCR5-tropic strains of HIV-1 to prevent infection of the cells. The mAb also exhibited direct interaction with cells in the culture, resulting in secretion of chemokines that interfered with the interaction of HIV-1 virions with CCR5, the coreceptor for HIV-1 on the susceptible cells, leading to inhibition of infection …

Multiscale Modeling Of The Impact Of Textile Fabrics Based On Hybrid Element Analysis, Gaurav Nilakantan, Michael Keefe, Travis A. Bogetti, John W. Gillespie Jr.

United States Army: Publications

In this work, a multi scale modeling approach has been developed to simulate the impact of woven fabrics using a finite element (FE) analysis. A yarn level of resolution is used in the model. This approach, referred to as the hybrid element analysis (HEA) is based on decreasing the complexity of the finite element model with distance away from the impact zone based on the multiscale nature of the fabric architecture and the physics of the impact event. Solid elements are used to discretize the yarns around the impact region, which transition to shell elements in the surrounding region. A …

Shrapnel-Induced Mandibular Hypomobility, David E. Palo, Paul J. Warden

United States Army: Publications

Mandibular hypomobility can develop from direct injury to, or as a result of disorders affecting, the supporting structures of the temporomandibular joint. This can be subdivided into intra-articular and extraarticular processes. Ankylosis is commonly associated with trauma (31% to 98%), followed by infections (10% to 49%) and systemic disease (10%). Temporomandibular joint ankylosis is an intra-articular process characterized by fibrous, fibro-osseous, or osseous obliteration of the joint space. Pseudoankylosis involves extracapsular causes of restricted jaw motion that include, but are not limited to, coronoid-zygomatic fusion, coronoid hypertrophy, and muscular fibrosis. Shrapnel injuries can be as devastating as high-velocity gunshot wounds, …

Biological Transformation Pathways Of 2,4-Dinitro Anisole And N-Methyl Paranitro Aniline In Anaerobic Fluidized-Bed Bioreactors, William E. Platten Iii, David Bailey, Makram T. Suidan, Stephen W. Maloney

United States Army: Publications

The US Army is evaluating new, insensitive explosives to produce safer munitions. Two potential new components are 2,4-dinitro anisole (DNAN) and N-methyl paranitro aniline (MNA), which would eventually make their way to waste streams generated in the production and handling of new munitions. The effectiveness of anaerobic fluidized-bed bioreactors (AFBB) was studied for treatment and transformation of these two new chemical components in munitions. Each compound was fed into a separate reactor and monitored for removal and transformation, using ethanol as the electron donor. The results show that both were degradable using the AFBB system. DNAN was found to transform …

Characterization Of Silver Nanoparticles Using Flow-Field Flow Fractionation Interfaced To Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry, A. R. Poda, A. J. Bednar, A. Harmon, M. Hull, D. M. Mitrano, J. F. Ranville, J. Steevens

United States Army: Publications

The ability to detect and identify the physiochemical form of contaminants in the environment is important for degradation, fate and transport, and toxicity studies. This is particularly true of nanomaterials that exist as discrete particles rather than dissolved or sorbed contaminant molecules in the environment. Nanoparticles will tend to agglomerate or dissolve, based on solution chemistry, which will drastically affect their environmental properties. The current study investigates the use of field flow fractionation (FFF) interfaced to inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry(ICPMS) as a sensitive and selective method for detection and characterization of silver nanoparticles. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is used to …

Current Us Military Operations And Implications For Military Surgical Training, Joshua A. Tyler, Kevin S. Clive, Christopher E. White, Alec C. Beekley, Lorne H. Blackbourne

United States Army: Publications

BACKGROUND:

Since 2001, US military surgeons have deployed frequently, with many surgeons deploying within 1 year of graduating residency. The purpose of this study was to evaluate readiness of recent graduates to manage combat-related injuries and to make recommendations for improvements in training military surgeons.

STUDY DESIGN:

We reviewed casualties treated at the 31^st Combat Support Hospital in Baghdad from December 2003 to November 2004.We identified 3,426 wounded patients; of these, 2,648 (77.3%) required an operative procedure. There were 2,788 patients (81.4%) who sustained penetrating injuries. The most common procedures performed were debridement of wounds (39%), skeletal fixation (14.7%), …

Monotonic And Cyclic Short Beam Shear Response Of 3d Woven Composites, T. R. Walter, G. Subhash, University Of Florida, C. F. Yen

United States Army: Publications

Monotonic, multi-step and cyclic short beam shear tests were conducted on 2D and 3D woven composites. The test results were used to determine the effect of z-yarns on the inter-laminar shear strength as well as the multi-loading behavior. The presence of z-yarns was found to affect not only the inter-laminar shear strength of the composite but also the behavior of the composite beyond the elastic limit. Microscopic examination of the damaged specimens revealed large delamination cracks in 2D woven composites while delamination cracks were hindered by z-yarns in 3D composites. This crack arrest phenomena resulted in a reduction in inter-laminar …

Task Analysis, Modeling, And Automatic Identification Of Elemental Tasks In Robot-Assisted Laparoscopic Surgery, Lavie Pinchas Golenberg

Wayne State University Dissertations

Robotic microsurgery provides many advantages for surgical operations, including tremor filtration, an increase in dexterity, and smaller incisions. There is a growing need for a task analyses on robotic laparoscopic operations to understand better the tasks involved in robotic microsurgery cases. A few research groups have conducted task observations to help systems automatically identify surgeon skill based on task execution. Their gesture analyses, however, lacked depth and their class libraries were composed of ambiguous groupings of gestures that did not share contextual similarities.

A Hierarchical Task Analysis was performed on a four-throw suturing task using a robotic microsurgical platform. Three …

Causal Product Knowledge Management, Yun Seon Kim

Wayne State University Dissertations

The US engineering industry base is facing a significant loss of knowledge due to large numbers of employees retiring in the next decade. Problems in various product developments including product design may arise when the expertise is no longer available or the knowledge is forgotten. Also, most of product design knowledge is not reusable, because product design knowledge in an organization remains un-codified. Generally, knowledge-based system can solve or infer these problems. However, knowledge-based systems have been developed solely through the use of rule-based approach, which allows for easy modeling of expert reasoning, but such an approach is not general …

Extrusion Systems: Components, Qi Fang, Milford Hanna

Department of Agricultural and Biological Systems Engineering: Faculty Publications

An extrusion system can be very simple to very complex. The complexity, or versatility, of a particular system is determined by the range of feedstocks to be processed, the desired transformations of the feedstocks, and the desired form of the products resulting from the process. These determine the specific design requirements of the various components of an extrusion system.

A Methodology To Stabilize The Supply Chain, Alfonso Sarmiento

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

In today's world, supply chains are facing market dynamics dominated by strong global competition, high labor costs, shorter product life cycles, and environmental regulations. Supply chains have evolved to keep pace with the rapid growth in these business dynamics, becoming longer and more complex. As a result, supply chains are systems with a great number of network connections among their multiple components. The interactions of the network components with respect to each other and the environment cause these systems to behave in a highly nonlinear dynamic manner. Ripple effects that have a huge, negative impact on the behavior of the …

An Interval Based Approach To Model Input Uncertainty In Discrete-Event Simulation, Ola Batarseh

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The objective of this research is to increase the robustness of discrete-event simulation (DES) when input uncertainties associated models and parameters are present. Input uncertainties in simulation have different sources, including lack of data, conflicting information and beliefs, lack of introspection, measurement errors, and lack of information about dependency. A reliable solution is obtained from a simulation mechanism that accounts for these uncertainty components in simulation. An interval-based simulation (IBS) mechanism based on imprecise probabilities is proposed, where the statistical distribution parameters in simulation are intervals instead of precise real numbers. This approach incorporates variability and uncertainty in systems. In …

Adaptive Pain Management Decision Support System, Ching-Feng Lin

Industrial, Manufacturing, and Systems Engineering Dissertations - Archive

Pain management is an international health issue. The Eugene McDermott Center for Pain Management at the University of Texas Southwestern MedicalCenter at Dallas conducts a two-stage interdisciplinary pain management program that considers a wide variety of treatments. Prior to treatment (stage 1), an evaluation records the patient's pain characteristics, medical history and related health parameters. A treatment regime is then determined. At the midpoint of their program (stage 2), an evaluation is conducted to determine if an adjustment in the treatment should be made. A final evaluation is conducted at the end of the program to assess final outcomes. The …

Corporate Environmental Performance Rating Methodology, Arunapprakasini Sankaranarayanan

Industrial, Manufacturing, and Systems Engineering Dissertations - Archive

Environmental issues are becoming increasingly important to all kinds of stakeholders and companies themselves, not only for cost avoidance due to regulations, laws, cleanup costs, litigations, controversies, etc, but to improve their intrinsic ethical worth as a company for better environmental sustainability. Off late, companies are increasingly investing in environmental initiatives for cost savings and to generate profits as well. However, since no clear definition of greenness exists, companies are finding it difficult to measure environmental performance as an internal and external benchmark and hence a sound performance measurement system with formal guidelines is yet to be in place. What …

Goal Approach To Risk Scenario Identification In Systems Development, Cesar Ariel Pinto, Andreas Tolk, Rafael Landaeta

Engineering Management & Systems Engineering Faculty Publications

The scope of this paper is the exploration of fundamental issues in identifying risk scenarios during systems development. Systems development refers to a series of processes which span conceptualization, designing the architecture, obtaining the elements, and eventually integrating all these elements into the fully developed final system. For truly sustainable and green systems, identifying risk scenarios early and continuously over the system development processes is vital. This paper contains various descriptions of risk from the project (i.e. programmatic) and technical perspectives, an exploration of the generally accepted risk management process, and how these relate to systems development through system goals. …

T-6a Texan Ii Systems Engineering Case Study, Air Force Center For Systems Engineering, Bill Kinzig, Dave Bailey

AFIT Documents

No abstract provided.