Explosives Engineering Commons^™

Research On Vibration-Based Early Diagnostic System For Excavator Motor Bearing Using 1-D Cnn, Dorjsuren Yandagsuren, Tatsuki Kurauchi, Hisatoshi Toriya, Hajime Ikeda, Tsuyoshi Adachi, Youhei Kawamura

Journal of Sustainable Mining

In mining, super-large machines such as rope excavators are used to perform the main mining operations. A rope excavator is equipped with motors that drive mechanisms. Motors are easily damaged as a result of harsh mining conditions. Bearings are important parts in a motor; bearing failure accounts for approximately half of all motor failures. Failure reduces work efficiency and increases maintenance costs. In practice, reactive, preventive, and predictive maintenance are used to minimize failures. Predictive maintenance can prevent failures and is more effective than other maintenance. For effective predictive maintenance, a good diagnosis is required to accurately determine motor-bearing health. …

Predicting Young’S Modulus Of Indian Coal Measure Rock Using Multiple Regression And Artificial Neutral Network, Sayantan Chakraborty, Rohan Bisai, Rohit Roy, Sathish Kumar Palaniappan, Samir Kumar Pal, Karanam Uma Maheshwar Rao

Journal of Sustainable Mining

Accurate information on Young’s modulus (E) is required for simulating rock deformation in mines; on the other hand, it is very cumbersome to obtain in the laboratory and collecting drilled cores in sufficient amounts, especially in the case of soft rocks, is quite impossible. Empirical equations were deducted for E from easily determinable rock properties, and the final model was selected through different statistical strength parameter tests. The generalization of the equation was verified through the normal distribution tests of residues of the equation. R2 came to be 0.609 and was validated using an artificial neural network with an improved …

Gravity And Electrostatic Separation Of Unburned Coal From A Selected Fly Ash, Krzysztof Wierzchowski, Agnieszka Klupa, Barbara Białecka, Joanna Całus Moszko

Journal of Sustainable Mining

Unburned coal grains make it difficult to use fly ash economically, which causes energy losses in the fuel. The article presents the possibilities of separating unburned coal from selected fly ash. In order to assess the possibility of separation of unburned carbon, the analysis of grain density and ash composition was used. Unburned coal was separated by four methods – one wet gravity and three dry methods. It has been found that despite very fine ash grains, the quality and quantity of separation products are significantly dependent on the separation method used and the separated grains’ qualitative characteristics. The analysis …

Exploring The Characterization, Liberation And Flotation Response Of A Nigerian Low-Grade Copper Ore, Willie Nheta, Omoyemi O. Ola-Omole

Journal of Sustainable Mining

This study explores the characterization, liberation and flotation response of low-grade copper ore from Anka area, Zamfara state Nigeria. The ore was crushed, milled and sieved in accordance with BS 410 standard. It was characterized with XRD, XRF, SEM-EDS and AAS. Froth flotation was carried out with varying %solids, pH, retention time and collector dosages using SEX and sodium oleate. Particle size distribution of the ore shows its economic liberation between -150 and +106 µm while 80% passing corresponds to 175.7 µm using the Gaudin Schuhmann equation. However, according to metallurgical balance calculation, 63 µm proved to have the highest …

Production Management System In A Modern Coal And Coke Company Based On The Demand And Quality Of The Exploited Raw Material In The Aspect Of Building A Service-Oriented Architecture, Artur Dyczko

Journal of Sustainable Mining

The paper deals with the implementation of the JSW Capital Group’s (Poland) Demand and Quality Driven Production Management System (SPPJ – System Zarządzania Produkcją oparty na Popycie i Jakości) using a service-oriented architecture (SOA). The main components of the SPPJ architecture have been characterized, and the scope of their integration has been defined. The individual parts in the first area, i.e. quality management, have been described in detail. Due to the extensive nature of the issue, components in other areas, i.e. planning and scheduling, coal extraction and processing, coke production, as well as sales and logistics, have only been signalled. …

Evaluating Blast Wave Overpressure From Non-Spherical Charges Using Time Of Arrival From High-Speed Video, Kelly Williams, Catherine E. Johnson

Mining Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Scaled distance is used to predict blast wave overpressure surrounding the detonation of a known mass of explosive under the assumption that the charge geometry is spherical. Altering charge geometry from spherical overdrives regions of the blast wave resulting in areas of higher overpressures than predicted by scaled distance calculations. Empirical data can be used to scale the blast wave overpressure to cylindrical charges, but available overpressure data for more complex geometries is not available in published literature. In the present study the time of arrival of the blast wave was measured from high-speed video and the Rankine-Hugoniot relationship used …

Prediction And Optimization Of Tower Mill Grinding Power Consumption Based On Ga-Bp Neural Network, Ziyang Wang, Ying Hou, Ahmed Sobhy

Mining Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Grinding is commonly responsible for the liberation of valuable minerals from host rocks but can entail high costs in terms of energy and medium consumption, but a tower mill is a unique power-saving grinding machine over traditional mills. In a tower mill, many operating parameters affect the grinding performance, such as the amount of slurry with a known solid concentration, screw mixer speed, medium filling rate, material-ball ratio, and medium properties. Thus, 25 groups of grinding tests were conducted to establish the relationship between the grinding power consumption and operating parameters. The prediction model was established based on the backpropagation …

Prediction Of Blast-Induced Ground Vibrations: A Comparison Between Empirical And Artificial-Neural-Network Approaches, Luis F. Velasquez

Theses and Dissertations--Mining Engineering

Ground vibrations are a critical factor in the rock blasting process. The instantaneous load application exerted by the gas pressure during the detonation process acts on the blasthole walls creating dynamic stresses in the adjacent rock. This triggers different sorts of stress waves, mainly divided into two categories: body and surface waves. The first comprises the P and the S waves, while the second comprises Rayleigh waves. These waves spread concentrically starting at the blast location and move along the ground surface and its interior, being attenuated as they reach further distances.

In most cases, and accepting the hypothesis that …

Effects Of Downwash When Measuring Gas Concentration With Uav-Mounted Gas Sensors, Jacob Lane Brinkman

Doctoral Dissertations

"This research concludes that the downwash region of a rotary-wing unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) does not produce pressure variations substantial enough to cause significant changes in density-based gas concentration measurements. US regulations evaluate gas concentration as a function of gas density, and accurate concentration measurements are critical for protecting health and safety, which means evaluation of actual downwash effects on measured gas concentration is essential.

During experimentation, the UAV was fixed to a stand in a sealed chamber filled with NOx (NO and NO₂) of constant concentration. The UAV rotors ran at hovering speeds, and gas concentrations were …

Analyzing The Effectiveness Of The Gurney Method For Small Scale Fragmentation Propulsion Using Exploding Bridgewire Detonators, Emily M. Johnson, Rachel L. Bauer, Catherine E. Johnson

Mining Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Explosives are common in military, mining, and construction applications where the explosive properties are understood, but mechanics of how the explosive's energy fragments and throws materials are less known. Considering the type of confining material around an explosive, creates variability in fragmentation behavior due to the individual material characteristics. The most common method for assessing fragmentation behavior is the Gurney method, which eliminates any consideration of fragmenting material properties. The Gurney method assumes that, on a large scale, the inconsistencies in material are irrelevant and only the mass of the confiner need be considered. However, it is known in many …

Recent Trends In Mineral Processing Based On Density And Particle Size–A Review, Ahmed Sobhy

Mining Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Most mineral beneficiation development in the world focus on size and density-based separation technologies. In recent years, ore size-based and density-based separation technologies have attracted more consideration to obtaining rough or final high-quality products. Due to the dissimilarity of physical properties like particle size and density, valuable and gangue minerals can be segregated via size-based and density-based separation technologies. Removing the impurities and recovering the target minerals are accomplished by size-based separation technologies alone or are usually followed by cleaning processes utilizing density-based separation abilities. The density variation among valuable and gangue minerals leads to dissimilarities in settling velocity in …

Shock Wave Formation From Head-On Collision Of Two Subsonic Vortex Rings, Rachel L. Bauer, Cody J. Thomas, Everett V.P. Baker, Emily M. Johnson, Kelly R. Williams, Martin J. Langenderfer, Catherine E. Johnson

Mining Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Vortex ring collisions have attracted intense interest in both water and air studies (Baird in Proc R Soc Lond Ser Math Phys Sci 409:59-65, 1987, Poudel et al. in Phys Fluids 33:096105, 2021, Lim and Nickels in Nature 357:225, 1992, New et al. in Exp Fluids 57:109, 2016, Suzuki et al. in Geophys Res Lett 34, 2007, Yan et al. in J Fluids Eng 140:054502, 2018, New et al. in J Fluid Mech 899, 2020, Cheng et al. in Phys Fluids 31:067107, 2019, Hernández and Reyes in 29:103604, 2017, Mishra et al. in Phys Rev Fluids, 2021, Zednikova et al. …

Impact Of Voids And Backfill On Seismic Wave Velocity-Preliminary Results, Zarina Mukhamedyarova, Fidelis Suorineni, Temirlan Aldubay, Gylym Sapinov

Journal of Sustainable Mining

In this study, laboratory experiments were conducted on discrete physical models that mimic mining effects to better understand the impact of continuous changes in mining environments on seismic wave velocities. The discrete physical models are represented by concrete and granite cubic samples of different sizes with holes of different diameters filled and unfilled with cemented sand backfill of different cement-sand content ratios. The hole diameters range from 0 to 150 mm in block sizes ranging from 150 mm to 450 mm in increments of 75 mm. The increasing hole size mimics increasing extraction in the mine with time. Cemented sand …

Predicting The Stability Of Open Stopes Using Machine Learning, Alicja Szmigiel, Derek B. Apel

Journal of Sustainable Mining

The Mathews stability graph method was presented for the first time in 1980. This method was developed to assess the stability of open stopes in different underground conditions, and it has an impact on evaluating the safety of underground excavations. With the development of technology and growing experience in applying computer sciences in various research disciplines, mining engineering could significantly benefit by using Machine Learning. Applying those ML algorithms to predict the stability of open stopes in underground excavations is a new approach that could replace the original graph method and should be investigated. In this research, a Potvin database …

Quantifying The Influence Of Variations In Rock Mass Properties On Stope Stability, Shahé Shnorhokian, Hani Mitri

Journal of Sustainable Mining

Variations in rock mass properties are well-established in rock mechanics and underground mining. The literature is replete with methods of assessing them and determining values that are used in design or numerical analysis. In this paper, a simplified 3D model is constructed for a tabular orebody in the Canadian Shield and instability is quantified using the ”brittle shear ratio” criterion to calculate the volume at risk. A 1-4-7 stope pillar sequence is implemented on four active levels, and three variations in the properties of the host formation are assessed. It is observed that the locations of ore at risk follow …

Prospects For Thiourea As A Leaching Agent In Colombian Gold Small-Scale Mining: A Comprehensive Review, Johana Borda, Robinson Torres

Journal of Sustainable Mining

Thiourea, as an alternative medium, is one of the most promising leaching agents for gold recovery by its commercial benefits and research challenges associated with performance and environmental impacts. This review article describes the operational conditions for the use of Thiourea vs cyanide, its chemistry, limitations, toxicity factors, environment, and recovery processes. Although thiourea gold extraction processes have not been applied on a large scale due to the instability of the reagent, its potential to overcome the limitations of cyanide is attractive to the process; with pH, potential, oxidant dosage, and temperature control, solubilized gold thiourea species are achieved. These …

Panel Destressing Strategies For Remnant Pillar Extraction, Isaac Vennes, Hani Mitri

Journal of Sustainable Mining

Large-scale panel destressing is a rockburst mitigation technique employed in deep hard rock mines during remnant pillar extraction. Panels are choke blasted in the pillar footwall to cutoff the far-field major stress in the mining area and deviate them around the pillar. In this study, the effects of panel geometry and far-field stress magnitude are investigated. Destress blast performance is assessed by measuring change to the energy release rate (ERR) of all mining steps during the extraction of a simplified remnant pillar due to destressing. It is demonstrated that the energy release rate (ERR) of critical stopes is reduced by …

Seismic Activity And Flooding Of Hard Coal Mines In The Ostrava-Karvina Coalfield, Petr Konicek, Eva Jirankova, Vlastimil Kajzar, Jan Schreiber, Pavel Malucha, Kristyna Schuchova

Journal of Sustainable Mining

The termination of mining activities often results in post-mining problems and risks. One of these issues is the flooding of mines. Long-term mining in the Ostrava and Petrvald sub-basins in the Upper Silesian Coal Basin finished in 1994. Tens of coal seams were mined here, and the depth of mining reached more than 1000 m below the surface. Flooding of the Ostrava sub-basin started in 1994. The Ostrava and Petrvald sub-basins were flooded from one half only to prevent water from flooding into the Karvina sub-basin, where mining continued. The continual pumping of water has been carried out ever since. …

Numerical Modelling Of Destress Blasting – A State-Of-The-Art Review, Shuting Miao, Petr Konicek, Peng-Zhi Pan, Hani Mitri

Journal of Sustainable Mining

As a proactive mine safety measure against the occurrence of rockburst, destress blasting has been applied to numerous mining conditions to precondition highly stressed rock mass to mitigate the risk of rockburst occurrence in deep mines as well as in deep underground constructions. However, the application of destress blasting mostly depends on engineering experience, while its mechanism and efficiency have not been well understood. Rapid advances in computer technology have made numerical simulation an economical and effective method to study the rock blasting effect. Enormous research efforts have been made to numerically investigate the blasting fracture mechanism, optimize blasting design, …

Analysis Of The Application Of Methane-Bearing Capacity Test Methods In The Conditions Of Polish Mining, Marcin Karbownik

Journal of Sustainable Mining

The methane hazard is one of the natural hazards occurring in hard coal mining. The content of natural methane in hard coal seams, the so-called methane-bearing capacity, is one of the key parameters that allow for proper assessment of the methane hazard and the state of the threat of gas and rock outbursts. For safety purposes, there is a constant need to improve the methods for the determination of this parameter. In the conditions of Polish mining, the method used for methane-bearing capacity determination is the direct drill cuttings method. This paper contains a comparative study presenting three different methods …