Automotive Engineering Commons^™

Enhancing Pedestrian-Autonomous Vehicle Safety In Low Visibility Scenarios: A Comprehensive Simulation Method, Zizheng Yan, Yang Liu, Hong Yang

Modeling, Simulation and Visualization Student Capstone Conference

Self-driving cars raise safety concerns, particularly regarding pedestrian interactions. Current research lacks a systematic understanding of these interactions in diverse scenarios. Autonomous Vehicle (AV) performance can vary due to perception accuracy, algorithm reliability, and environmental dynamics. This study examines AV-pedestrian safety issues, focusing on low visibility conditions, using a co-simulation framework combining virtual reality and an autonomous driving simulator. 40 experiments were conducted, extracting surrogate safety measures (SSMs) from AV and pedestrian trajectories. The results indicate that low visibility can impair AV performance, increasing conflict risks for pedestrians. AV algorithms may require further enhancements and validations for consistent safety performance …

Improving Future Vehicle Fuel Economy And Operational Design Domain Through Novel Data Pipelines, Kyle James Carow

Masters Theses

Modern automobiles have greatly advanced in recent years, with technological developments that enhance performance, safety, and comfort. However, there is still much room for improvement. Today’s vehicles are heavily reliant on the combustion of fossil fuels, proven to be harmful for the environment on both a local and global scale. In addition, the safety benefits of autonomous vehicles and advanced driver assistance systems are not yet fully realized due to the limited operational design domain of these technologies. In this research, these needs are addressed through the development of two novel data pipelines. In the first study, a novel methodology …

Measuring Radiation Protection: Partners From Across The Nuclear Enterprise Evaluate The Radiation Protection Of Us Army Vehicles, Andrew W. Decker, Robert Prins

Faculty Publications

Recent mounting nuclear threats and postures from adversary nation-states, such as Russia, China, North Korea, and Iran, represent a clear danger to the interests and security of the United States of America and its Allies. To meet these threats, the 2022 Nuclear Posture Review requires the Department of Defense (DoD) to design, develop, and manage a combat-credible U.S. military which, among other prioritizations, is survivable. A survivable force can generate combat power despite adversary attacks. As such, the US Army must prepare today to set the conditions for successful conventional warfare on the nuclear battlefields of tomorrow. Our Army cannot …

Control And Optimization Of Multi-Agent Systems With Applications In Connected And Autonomous Electric Vehicles, Shaopan Guo

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

A multi-agent system (MAS) is a system in which multiple autonomous agents interact with each other to achieve a common goal. Nevertheless, current designs of MAS controllers typically rely on particular requirements, such as time-triggered communication, linear dynamics, and access to global information. These limitations restrict the applicability of MASs. This thesis aims to eliminate these constraints and optimize the energy consumption of a specific MAS, namely connected autonomous electric vehicles (CAEVs).

This thesis first addresses the consensus problem of linear MASs with intermittent communication. An adaptive distributed control algorithm that integrates edge-based event-triggered (ET) communication mechanisms is presented in …

Jack And Alex Rc-Baja, Alex Vornbrock

All Undergraduate Projects

Teams of two mechanical engineering students were tasked with the construction of an RC Baja car qualified by the rules and regulations of the Baja competition as well as specifications set by the individual team member for their portion of the vehicle. This proposal focuses on the Chassis and Drivetrain of the vehicle while team member Jack Stutz oversaw the steering and suspension. Teams will compete against each other in various modes to determine the best vehicles of the competitors. The chassis was made of standard aluminum, the remaining parts made by the students were made with PLA; both materials …

Rc Baja Suspension And Steering, Garrett Bailey

All Undergraduate Projects

The RC Baja team set out to engineer and construct a working remote-control device that can compete in the ASME Baja Competition. The students have a focus on either suspension and steering or drivetrain and chassis. This report is centered on the suspension and steering. First, multiple analyses were completed using engineering methods such as mechanical design, statics, strengths of materials, and dynamics for parts of the device. The calculations found in the analysis are then used to create designs for the parts so that they will meet the requirements and be successful in the competition. After the parts are …

Efficient Maritime Object Detection And Validation For Enhancing Safety Of Uncrewed Marine Systems, Ahmed Saglam, Yiannis Papelis

VMASC Publications

Safe operation of uncrewed maritime systems is a major concern in the presence of other vehicles or obstacles. Typically, perception algorithms utilize sensor data to identify obstacles that must be avoided, and AI algorithms are used to interpret raw sensor data for use in navigation and object avoidance algorithms. However, perception algorithms are typically computationally expensive. In this paper, we present an efficient method for detecting obstacles using raw lidar data in the form of range or Point Cloud, employing computationally efficient techniques that do not depend on trained models or AI matching. The approach
converts the sensor readings into …

Study Of Eco-Driving And Charging Planning In Connected And Automated Vehicles Environment, Pradeep Bhat

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

In this dissertation, the development of eco-driving and charging planning algorithms in the connected and automated vehicle environment (CAV) are presented. CAV technologies provide opportunities for potential energy savings and efficiency improvement of transportation networks, which are explored through multiple research tasks in this study.

The objective of the first study presented in Chapter 2 is to reduce vehicle dynamic losses and required tractive force while completing trip distance within a given travel time. Sequential Quadratic Programming method is employed for this nonlinearly constrained optimization problem. The validation result illustrates the benefits of optimal velocity trajectories. The objective of the …

Design And Manufacture Of An Aerodynamic Body That Meets Scaling Law Requirements And Survives Severe G-Load Environment For Free-Flight Testing, Anthony R. Gonzalez

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Design and Manufacture of an Aerodynamic Body that Meets Scaling Law Requirements and Survives Severe G-load Environment for Free-Flight Testing

Anthony Gonzalez

Developing scale models to test functionality and ascertain aerodynamic properties is critical before manufacturing full-size products. Through dimensional analysis and similitude, engineers create scale models to test any parameter of interest. This research aims to design a scale model of an aerodynamic body for repeated free-flight testing. The Froude number is the dominant scale model law used to determine the geometric, mass, and inertia scaling laws. A critical requirement for this research is that the model should be …

Improving Safety Service Patrol Performance, Mecit Cetin, Hong Yang, Kun Xie, Sherif Ishak, Guocong Zhai, Junqing Wang, Giridhar Kattepogu

Civil & Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications

Safety Service Patrols (SSPs) provide motorists with assistance free of charge on most freeways and some key primary roads in Virginia. This research project is focused on developing a tool to help the Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT) optimize SSP routes and schedules (hereafter called SSP-OPT). The computational tool, SSP-OPT, takes readily available data (e.g., corridor and segment lengths, turnaround points, average annual daily traffic) and outputs potential SSP configurations that meet the desired criteria and produce the best possible performance metrics for a given corridor. At a high level, the main components of the developed tool include capabilities to: …

Developing A Web-Based System For Remote Collection And Analysis Of Vehicle Electrical Systems Over Canbus Using Carloop, Joshua N. Valle, Alex Columna-Fuentes

Capstone Showcase

Our program collects vehicle data using an OBD-II device called Carloop that is plugged into the vehicle's diagnostic port. The device executes our code which then communicates with the vehicle's onboard computer to collect data such as engine RPM, vehicle speed, fuel level, and other diagnostic information. This data is then sent over WiFi to Particle’s Cloud, which is a platform for managing IoT devices.

Integrations set up on Particle take care of sending data to our InfluxDB Database, which is hosted on our own cloud-based machine. InfluxDB is a high-performance time-series database that is optimized for storing and querying …

Human Tracking Function For Robotic Dog, Andrew Sharkey

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

With the increase the increase in automation and humans and robots working side by side, there is a need for a more organic way of controlling robots. The goal of this project is to create a control system for Boston dynamics robotic dog Spot that implements human tracking image software to follow humans using computer vision as well as using hand tracking image software to allow for control input through hand gestures.

Neuroevolution And Machine Learning Research Applied To Connected Automated Vehicle And Powertrain Control, Frédéric F. Jacquelin

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

This dissertation focuses on advancing Predictive Energy Management (PrEM) functions applied to modern connected and automated vehicles (CAV) cohorts. PrEM aims to utilize connectivity and ADAS functions to adaptively minimize vehicle energy consumption in a wide array of operations, extending the original control designed around a reduced set of test cycle procedures to adapt to real-world stochastic operating conditions. This research document is built upon three journal publications covering two PrEM schemes; the global cohort and local vehicle optimization paths. Both optimal control solutions are generated using various Neuroevolution centric processes.

Chapter 1 discusses the methods and reasoning behind the …

Estimating Battery Size Requirements For Tractor Electrification Of Row-Crop Planting Operations, Cheetown Liew, Andrew Donesky, Mark Freyhof, Ian Tempelmeyer, Santosh Kumar Pitla

Department of Agricultural and Biological Systems Engineering: Faculty Publications

Power sources such as batteries, used for both on-road and off-road vehicles, are advancing at a rapid pace. Electric batteries are becoming more power dense, thus allowing them to be used as a power source to replace previous diesel or gasoline-powered systems. Efforts are underway to transition off-road agricultural vehicles from Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) vehicles to electric vehicles (EVs); however, the energy requirements of typical agricultural field operations need to be fully understood before such a transition can occur. Theoretical prediction equations available in the American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers (ASABE) standards or the use of engine …

Cybersecurity And Digital Privacy Aspects Of V2x In The Ev Charging Structure, Umit Cali, Murat Kuzlu, Onur Elma, Osman Gazi Gucluturk, Ahmet Kilic, Ferhat Ozgur Catak

Engineering Technology Faculty Publications

With the advancement of green energy technology and rising public and political acceptance, electric vehicles (EVs) have grown in popularity. Electric motors, batteries, and charging systems are considered major components of EVs. The electric power infrastructure has been designed to accommodate the needs of EVs, with an emphasis on bidirectional power flow to facilitate power exchange. Furthermore, the communication infrastructure has been enhanced to enable cars to communicate and exchange information with one another, also known as Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) technology. V2X is positioned to become a bigger and smarter system in the future of transportation, thanks to upcoming digital technologies …

Enhancing Traffic Safety In Unpredicted Environments With Integration Of Adas Features With Sensor Fusion In Intelligent Electric Vehicle Platform With Implementation Of Environmental Mapping Technology, David S. Obando Ortegon

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations

A major objective on society is to reduce the number of accidents and fatalities on the road for drivers, and pedestrians. Therefore, the automotive engineering field is working on this problem through the development and integration of safety technologies such as advanced driving assistance systems. For this reason, this work was intended to develop and evaluate the performance of different ADAS features and IV technologies under unexpected scenarios. This by the development of safety algorithms applied to the intelligent electric vehicle designed and built in this work, through the use of ADAS sensors based on sensor fusion. Evaluation of AEB, …

View Synthesis With Scene Recognition For Cross-View Image Localization, Uddom Lee, Peng Jiang, Hongyi Wu, Chunsheng Xin

Electrical & Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

Image-based localization has been widely used for autonomous vehicles, robotics, augmented reality, etc., and this is carried out by matching a query image taken from a cell phone or vehicle dashcam to a large scale of geo-tagged reference images, such as satellite/aerial images or Google Street Views. However, the problem remains challenging due to the inconsistency between the query images and the large-scale reference datasets regarding various light and weather conditions. To tackle this issue, this work proposes a novel view synthesis framework equipped with deep generative models, which can merge the unique features from the outdated reference dataset with …

Are Ride-Hailing Services Safer Than Taxis? A Multivariate Spatial Approach With Accomodation Of Exposure Uncertainty, Guocong Zhai, Kun Xie, Hong Yang, Di Yang

Civil & Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications

Despite many research efforts on ride-hailing services and taxis, limited studies have compared the safety performance of the two modes. A major challenge is the need for reliable mode-specific exposure data to model their safety outcomes. Moreover, crash frequencies of the two modes by injury severities tend to be spatially and inherently correlated. To fully address these issues, this study proposes a novel multivariate conditional autoregressive model considering measurement errors in mode-specific exposures (MVCARME). More specially, a classical measurement error structure is used to accommodate the uncertainty of mode-specific exposures estimated, and a multivariate spatial specification is adopted to capture …

การยับยั้งการเจริญเติบโตของเดนไดรต์สังกะสีโดยตัวคั่นเซลลูโลสนาโนไฟเบอร์/ทังสเตนคาร์ไบด์สำหรับแบตเตอรี่สังกะสีไอออน, ภัทรพร วุฒาพาณิชย์

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

ตัวคั่นวัสดุผสมทังสเตนคาร์ไบด์-เซลลูโลสนาโนไฟเบอร์ (CNFs/WC separator) มีข้อดี คือประหยัดต้นทุนและการเตรียมที่ง่ายขึ้น โดยตัวคั่นที่ประดิษฐ์ขึ้นนี้สามารถลดศักยภาพของนิวเคลียสสังกะสีที่มากเกินไปได้อย่างมีประสิทธิภาพ ทำให้ตำแหน่งนิวเคลียสสังกะสีเป็นระเบียบ ลดการกัดกร่อนบนพื้นผิว และส่งเสริมการสะสมของสังกะสีที่สม่ำเสมอ จึงทำให้แอโนดสังกะสีมีประสิทธิภาพสูง ดังนั้นเมื่อเปรียบเทียบกับตัวคั่น เซลลูโลสนาโนไฟเบอร์บริสุทธิ์ (CNFs separator) ตัวคั่น CNFs/WC จะยืดอายุรอบการใช้งานของแบตเตอรี่สมมาตรเป็น 1,200 ชั่วโมง ภายใต้ความหนาแน่นกระแส 1 มิลลิแอมป์ต่อตารางเซนติเมตร และเป็น 1,000 ชั่วโมงที่ 5 มิลลิแอมป์ต่อตารางเซนติเมตร นอกจากนี้การใช้ (NH4)2V10O25·8H2O (NVO) เป็นวัสดุแคโทด ทำให้มีความสามารถในการอัด-คายประจุเหนือกว่าที่ 132 มิลลิแอมป์ชั่วโมงต่อกรัม คงความสามารถในการกักเก็บความจุที่ 85.2% หลังจากผ่านไป 500 รอบ ภายใต้ความหนาแน่นกระแส 3 แอมป์ต่อกรัม โดยในขณะที่แบตเตอรี่ที่ใช้ตัวคั่น CNFs ลดความจุลงอย่างรวดเร็วไปที่ 30 มิลลิแอมป์ชั่วโมงต่อกรัม ซึ่งบ่งชี้ถึงความสามารถในการกลับตัวของวงจรและความเสถียรที่ยอดเยี่ยมของแอโนด โดยตัวคั่น CNFs/WC

การพัฒนาขั้วแอโนดบนผ้าฝ้ายชุบนิกเกิลนำไฟฟ้าสำหรับแบตเตอรี่ชนิดสังกะสีไอออน, ธนภูมิ มะวิญธร

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

การศึกษานี้วิจัยการพัฒนาขั้วแอโนดบนผ้าฝ้ายสำหรับแบตเตอรี่ชนิดสังกะสีไอออน โดยนำผ้าฝ้ายไปผ่านกระบวนการชุบนิกเกิลแบบไม่ใช้ไฟฟ้าเพื่อให้ผ้าฝ้ายสามารถนำไฟฟ้าได้ด้วยความต้านทานที่เหมาะสม พบว่าผ้าฝ้ายมีความต้านทานไฟฟ้าต่ำที่สุดถึง 8 โอห์ม จากนั้นจึงนำไปชุบสังกะสีด้วยไฟฟ้า ซึ่งมีความจุไฟฟ้าที่คงที่ 0.02 แอมแปร์ชั่วโมงต่อตารางเซนติเมตร การศึกษาพบว่าความต้านทานของผ้าฝ้ายมีผลต่อกระบวนการชุบสังกะสี และการเปลี่ยนแปลงความหนาแน่นของการชุบสังกะสีทำให้โครงสร้างการจัดเรียงตัวแตกต่างกัน การทดสอบประสิทธิภาพแบตเตอรี่พบว่าขั้วแอโนดบนผ้าฝ้ายมีค่าการเก็บรักษาประจุที่ดีที่สุดถึง 74.69% การทดสอบความเสถียรในการวนซ้ำระยะยาวพบว่ามีความสามารถในการจ่ายกระแสไฟ 132.66 มิลลิแอมป์ชั่วโมงต่อกรัม และค่าการเก็บรักษาประจุ 97.27% หลังจาก 100 รอบ เมื่อทดสอบการใช้งานต่อเนื่องภายใต้ความหนาแน่นกระแสไฟ 0.5 มิลลิแอมป์ต่อตารางเซนติเมตร ขั้วแอโนดสามารถใช้งานได้นานถึง 1,000 ชั่วโมง นอกจากนี้ การศึกษายังรวมถึงการทดสอบอิมพีแดนซ์สเปกโตรสโคปีเชิงเคมีไฟฟ้า และไซคลิกโวลแทมเมทรี ซึ่งแสดงให้เห็นว่าสภาวะการชุบสังกะสีที่เหมาะสมที่สุดเกิดขึ้นที่ความหนาแน่นกระแสไฟฟ้า 0.03 แอมแปร์ต่อตารางเซนติเมตรเป็นเวลา 40 นาที ภายใต้สภาวะนี้ ชั้นสังกะสีบนผ้าฝ้ายมีการเรียงตัวที่เป็นระเบียบและหนาแน่นที่สุด