Highway 3: Modern Ammunition,
2026
Israel Antiquities Authority
Highway 3: Modern Ammunition, Assaf Peretz
Qadum: Journal of Excavation Reports from Israel
This article presents an analysis of modern ammunition artifacts connected to World War I military operations, uncovered during excavations along Highway 3 near es-Sawafir el-Gharbiya. The finds include British and Ottoman cartridges and spent cartridges and an Ottoman hand grenade, linked to troop movements and engagements during the British Egyptian Expeditionary Force’s pursuit of retreating Ottoman forces following the third battle of Gaza in November 1917. The study contextualizes these artifacts within the operational history of the Australian Mounted Corps and Ottoman defensive actions. Additionally, the article discusses ammunition from the 1948 War of Independence found at the site, highlighting …
Highway 3: Mollusks From Byzantine–Early Islamic Contexts,
2026
Zinman Institute of Archaeology University of Haifa, Haifa
Highway 3: Mollusks From Byzantine–Early Islamic Contexts, Inbar Ktalav
Qadum: Journal of Excavation Reports from Israel
This report discusses 24 bivalve remains retrieved from various fills. Most of the assemblage (twenty specimens) is comprised of the Nilotic bivalve Chambardia rubens, followed by two valves of the Mediterranean bivalve Mytilus galloprovincialis, one local freshwater bivalve Unio mancus and one Scaphopoda Antalis inaequicostata. The malacological evidence implies geographical connections with both the Mediterranean coast and the Nile region during the Byzantine–Early Islamic period. Most of the assemblage consists of nacreous shells, which may have been used in the inlay industry or as food items.
Highway 3: Faunal Remains From Byzantine, Byzantine–Early Islamic And Ottoman Contexts,
2026
Israel Antiquities Authority; Leon Recanati Institute for Maritime Studies, University of Haifa
Highway 3: Faunal Remains From Byzantine, Byzantine–Early Islamic And Ottoman Contexts, Lee Perry-Gal
Qadum: Journal of Excavation Reports from Israel
A faunal assemblage of 174 identified animal bones was recovered from excavations along Highway 3, mainly from Byzantine and Byzantine–Early Islamic and Ottoman contexts, with a small contribution from Late Roman strata. The remains originate primarily from refuse pits and from industrial-agricultural installations, including reservoirs, ovens and silos. The assemblage was analyzed using a diagnostic zone recording system, standard osteological identification, age-at-death assessment and detailed taphonomic analysis. The Byzantine and Byzantine–Early Islamic assemblages are dominated by caprines, mainly sheep, followed by pigs, equids and cattle, with minor representation of chicken and camel. Caprine mortality profiles indicate mainly mature individuals, suggesting …
Highway 3: The Coins,
2026
Israel Antiquities Authority
Highway 3: The Coins, Gabriela Bijovsky
Qadum: Journal of Excavation Reports from Israel
This is a modest group of coins that span interruptedly a period from the first century CE to the first half of the sixth century CE. The earliest coin, dated to Antiochus IV, is a residual find, and the latest coin is an Abbasid fals. Most coin types are conventional. The fact that four chi-rho pentanummia imitations were discovered strengthens the suggestion that these poorly-preserved coins were minted in the area of modern Ashqelon.
Highway 3: The Glass Finds,
2026
Israel Antiquities Authority
Highway 3: The Glass Finds, Tamar Winter
Qadum: Journal of Excavation Reports from Israel
The glass finds from the excavation along Highway 3 include a single cast bowl of the late Hellenistic–Early Roman periods and vessels dated to the Late Roman−early Byzantine, Byzantine and late Byzantine–Early Islamic periods. Additionally, the excavation yielded Late Islamic–Ottoman-period glass bracelets, as well as various beads. Especially noteworthy are a Byzantine-period cylindrical beaker, which complements the only other documented example from Israel, and a trough-shaped bar, for which no analogous examples from other excavations have been located so far. Furthermore, the number, variety and quality of the Late Islamic–Ottoman-period bracelets are notable, as not many such finds have been …
Highway 3: The Late Ottoman Ceramics,
2026
W.F. Albright Institute
Highway 3: The Late Ottoman Ceramics, Anna De Vincenz
Qadum: Journal of Excavation Reports from Israel
A small, ceramic vessel assemblage dated to the late Ottoman period is presented here. The assemblage consists of household ceramics, including a variety of Black Gaza Ware vessels and handmade cooking pots. A rather large number of probably locally made ceramic smoking pipes are also part of this assemblage.
Highway 3: Late Persian, Hellenistic And Roman Pottery,
2026
Israel Antiquities Authority
Highway 3: Late Persian, Hellenistic And Roman Pottery, Ilan Peretz
Qadum: Journal of Excavation Reports from Israel
The pottery in this report was recovered from the salvage excavation along Highway 3, at the former Ottoman villages of es-Sawafir el-Gharbiya and es-Sawafir esh-Sharqiya. The finds presented here date from the late Persian, Hellenistic and Roman period. The Roman pottery is attributed to the late first–second centuries CE and includes fine wares (mainly ESA), cooking vessels and imported amphorae and lamps.
Highway 3: The Iron Age Pottery,
2026
Israel Antiquities Authority
Highway 3: The Iron Age Pottery, Svetlana Talis
Qadum: Journal of Excavation Reports from Israel
The excavations along Highway 3 yielded pottery from the Iron Age. The finds were retrieved from fills without clear stratigraphic context, and no architectural remains from the Iron Age were identified. The vessels are therefore presented chronologically, dating from the Iron Age IIA and IIB (tenth–eighth centuries BCE), based on parallels from sites in Judaea, the Shephelah and the southern coastal plain, such as Tel Lakhish, Tel Batash, Tel es-Safi and Tel Ashdod. The Iron Age IIA pottery comprises Philistine-style kraters and chalices, while the Iron Age IIB artifacts include open, rounded and carinated bowls, cooking pots and holemouth jars. …
Highway 3: Architectural Remains From The Late Hellenistic, Late Roman–Early Islamic And Late Ottoman Periods,
2026
Israel Antiquities Authority
Highway 3: Architectural Remains From The Late Hellenistic, Late Roman–Early Islamic And Late Ottoman Periods, Davida Eisenberg-Degen
Qadum: Journal of Excavation Reports from Israel
Excavations along Highway 3 revealed intermittent occupation, with remains from the late Hellenistic, Late Roman, Byzantine–Early Islamic and Ottoman periods, as well as earlier unstratified pottery from Iron Age II. The late Hellenistic period is represented by a winepress, likely associated with a rural farmstead. A winepress and a hypocaust, dated to the Late Roman–early Byzantine periods, may reflect the expansion of the settlement exposed in previous excavations to the east of the present excavation. Byzantine–Early Islamic remains include pottery-production facilities comprising potter’s wheels, levigation pools and slags. The latest remains date to the eighteenth–nineteenth centuries (late Ottoman period), reflecting …
The Story Game: Dissuading The Abolition Of Man With Narrative Intellectual Virtue & The Hunger Games,
2026
Harding University
The Story Game: Dissuading The Abolition Of Man With Narrative Intellectual Virtue & The Hunger Games, Camille Bewley
Harding Undergraduate Research Conference
Relativism in modern America is leading society toward the fruition of C.S. Lewis’ warning of the abolition of man. This nation once founded on freedom inches closer to the dystopia which Suzanne Collins depicts in her Hunger Games series. This paper recognizes the growing need for humanity to realign with truth and universal values, first by reorienting itself to narratives. Through intellectual virtues of understanding and prudence as defined by Aristotle, society can translate stories into their inherent purpose; seeing truth and reality within the bottle of imagination. Stories contain the answers, narratives are the way humanity subscribes to reality. …
“I Care For Nothing Else”: Prayer In Purgatorio And Paradise Lost,
2026
Harding University
“I Care For Nothing Else”: Prayer In Purgatorio And Paradise Lost, Clara Kernodle
Ex Sapientia Loqui
In Dante's Purgatorio, the penitent souls reform themselves through physical penance and constant prayer. Dante depicts the power of sincere, repentant prayer, as God is more merciful than the earthly institution of the Church, and participates equally with the sinner in the soul's salvation. The efforts of souls in Purgatorio are like our own lives; we too ought to engage in the holy sacrifice of constant, repentant prayer. Further, in Paradise Lost, Milton demonstrates how honest prayer is imperative to salvation.
Beasts Of Burden: Human Dignity And Roman Slavery In The Silver Age Latin Literature,
2026
Harding University
Beasts Of Burden: Human Dignity And Roman Slavery In The Silver Age Latin Literature, William Deloach
Ex Sapientia Loqui
This article evaluates rhetoric used to describe enslaved persons in Petronius's Satyricon and Statius's Silvae through the lens of human dignity. Human dignity is evaluated through ancient and modern lenses, drawing upon Cicero's conception of civilitas and contemporary views by luminaries such as George Kateb and Michael Rosen. Silvae and Satyricon utilize conceptions of dignity to uplift the value of slaves, though in some cases the opposite is also observable. Overwhelmingly, the two works lean towards recognizing enslaved persons' dignity rather than rejecting it.
The Red Bag Of Distance: A Scene Analysis Of Anna Karenina’S Suicide,
2026
Harding University
The Red Bag Of Distance: A Scene Analysis Of Anna Karenina’S Suicide, Camille Bewley
Harding Undergraduate Research Conference
No abstract provided.
Historians At War: A Comparative Analysis Between Thucydides And Xenophon's Accounts Of The Peloponnesian War,
2026
University of South Carolina - Columbia
Historians At War: A Comparative Analysis Between Thucydides And Xenophon's Accounts Of The Peloponnesian War, Juleeanna S. Fuller
Caroliniana Undergraduate Research Journal
This essay analyzes Thucydides and Xenophon's accounts of the Peloponnesian War, reflecting on the intersection of historical narratives, personal bias, and political perspectives. Thucydides’ History of the Peloponnesian War presents Athens’ decline through the lens of moral and political collapse, emphasizing human nature, rationalism, and realism. Despite his reputation for objectivity, his reconstruction of speeches and selective focus revealed an underlying critique of Athenian democracy, shaped by his own life experiences. However, Xenophon's Hellenica continues the narrative with a pronounced Spartan bias, depicting Spartan hegemony and the Thirty Tyrants in a largely favorable or justified light, while minimizing their brutality …
The Hypocrisy Of The Wizards—A Proposal To Correct Incentives In Higher Education Loan Financing,
2026
Pepperdine University
The Hypocrisy Of The Wizards—A Proposal To Correct Incentives In Higher Education Loan Financing, Caden Benedict
School of Public Policy Capstones
This paper explores the origins of the student loan debt crisis and proposes tying university incentives to graduates' repayment plans and disclosing median earnings for degrees before students apply. Specifically, while there are numerous factors explaining why the price of education has increased dramatically since the 1970s, this paper proposes solutions that will specifically target university moral hazards by requiring universities fund: (1) the current subsidies to federal student loan repayments under income-driven plans as the House of Representatives intended before the Senate removed "risk-sharing," and (2) bankruptcy law discharge amounts. Moreover, requiring universities to disclose the median earnings of …
Playing Hard To Get: Limerence And The Psychology Of The Amator In Latin Love Elegy,
2026
DePauw University
Playing Hard To Get: Limerence And The Psychology Of The Amator In Latin Love Elegy, Carson Carpenter '26
Honor Scholar Theses
This thesis seeks to further bridge the gap in the literature between the fields of psychology and Latin literature. Specifically, it examines Latin love elegy through modern psychological frameworks of limerence. Limerence is a descriptive psychological condition in which an individual experiences an involuntary, often uncontrollable obsessive attachment to another person known as the limerent object. Drawing from the works of Ovid, Propertius, Tibullus, and Catullus, the thesis argues that the elegiac amator consistently parallels the cognitive andemotional patterns associated with limerence, including idealization, uncontrollable ruminative thinking, emotional volatility, and fixation on reciprocated attention. Using Verhulst’s five stage model and …
Harriet Hosmer: Femininity And Stone,
2026
Bellarmine University
Harriet Hosmer: Femininity And Stone, Savannah V. Parrish
Undergraduate Theses
Harriet Hosmer was an American woman sculptor who studied in Rome, Italy, from 1853 to 1900. Hosmer led her own cohort of women artists and inspired other artists in Rome. Hosmer’s sculptures and the controversies surrounding them exemplify her experiences as a career woman of her time. Hosmer made sculptures of women who defied the will of men, both mythical and historical. Hosmer’s sculptures show how she felt restricted in the world, particularly in the field of sculpture as a woman and how like the figures of her sculptures she found freedom in stone, where she could tell the stories …
Odysseus: From Homer To Sophocles,
2026
Bellarmine University
Odysseus: From Homer To Sophocles, Jonas Hammond
Undergraduate Theses
In two of his plays, the Ajax and Philoctetes, the tragedian Sophocles uses and alters Homer’s Odysseus to augment the moral message he is trying to instill in his audience. His use of Odysseus changes between these two plays as his moral outlook shifts in the face of changing Athenian fortunes. As the focus of his praise moved away from guiles and sophia to focus more on the “noble ideal,” the ubiquity of Homer’s version of Odysseus meant that Odysseus’ character had to be actively altered when Sophocles wished to encourage the Athenians to follow the noble ideal instead of …
Time And Actual Infinity In Aristotle's Physics,
2026
Dartmouth College
Time And Actual Infinity In Aristotle's Physics, Atanas Georgiev Iliev
Classics Undergraduate Senior Theses
This thesis examines the relationship between the existence of infinity and the nature of time as presented in Aristotle’s Physics, arguing that his two theories come into tension at two points. The Introduction sets out the purpose and methodology of the study and offers an overview of the historical reception and influence of Aristotle’s teaching on the infinite. Chapter I outlines this teaching, examining Aristotle’s reasons for categorising instances of the infinite through several dichotomies, most notably the distinction between actual and potential existence, before presenting his arguments for rejecting the existence of an actual infinity. Chapter II turns to …
Flos Gari: Experiments With The Flower Of The Ancient Romans In A Modern Kitchen,
2026
Belmont University
Flos Gari: Experiments With The Flower Of The Ancient Romans In A Modern Kitchen, Austin M. Pritchett
SPARK Symposium Presentations
This paper examines a condiment popular among the ancient Romans which might seem off-putting to modern people: the fermented fish sauce garum. A brief history of the garum as well as an analysis of its chemical composition are given, before the author describes his experiments with the sauce in his own kitchen, conducted in an attempt to determine its suitability for the modern palate.
